How Midwest Cities are Busting the Urban Exodus Myth
Though home values in some expensive coastal cities are softening, lower-priced urban centers are booming as people everywhere seek affordability and reprioritize amid new opportunity brought by remote work
- Homes are selling faster in the suburbs, but home value growth, sales volume and Zillow web traffic in urban areas has kept pace with or exceeded suburban areas.
- The hottest urban housing markets are in the affordable Midwest, where homes are typically less expensive near city centers. In some of the most-expensive markets, including New York and San Francisco, urban housing demand softened relative to nearby suburbs.
- Urban rent growth fell behind growth in the suburbs in 2020, but Zillow economists expect urban rents to quickly recover as the pandemic subsides.
SEATTLE, Feb. 4, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Mid-sized markets -- especially those across the Midwest -- are making up for softness in New York and San Francisco, keeping the for-sale market in urban areas on pace with or slightly ahead of red-hot suburban areas, a new Zillow analysis shows.[i]
Housing demand is on fire as the explosion of remote work has caused many to reimagine what and where they want their home to be. That demand is supercharging home values in affordable areas of the country as buyers look for homes that offer more room to spread out. In expensive coastal markets, that typically means moving farther from the downtown core into the suburbs. But for much of the country, the suburbs have long been more expensive, and buyers are now searching for homes in more urban areas.
The Midwest region in particular, where the typical home value is less than other regions in the U.S., has seen urban home value growth accelerate ahead of the suburbs in recent months. In metros such as St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Kansas City, Columbus and Indianapolis, urban home values have been growing faster than those in the suburbs for at least the past several months.
In more expensive housing markets, demand for affordable homes has led to booming home value growth in the suburbs relative to urban cores. New York, Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Boston, San Francisco, Seattle and Denver experienced stronger home value growth in the suburbs for all or part of 2020.
"The for-sale housing market is experiencing a pandemic-fueled surge in both urban and suburban areas," says Zillow economist Alexandra Lee. "Home has become more important than ever, and buyers are eager to hit the market to find their next place to live, many newly freed from their commute and suddenly finding themselves in need of more space for a home office or gym. More often than not, buyers are flocking to homes in affordable areas and pushing up prices. However, there have been some sharp downturns in the rental market as demand to rent in pricey areas like San Francisco and New York plummeted, at least temporarily."
At the national level, buying in the suburbs became more competitive in the fall, trending slightly hotter than urban areas in some measures including shorter time on market and a higher share of homes selling above list price. Days on market are historically low across the board, helping to increase sales volume, but homes are moving faster in the suburbs. Suburban listings were selling four days faster than those in urban areas in August, and by December the gap had widened to 10 days.
Still, high demand drove urban areas to keep pace as home value and sales price growth, sales volume and Zillow web traffic matched or exceeded the suburbs on a national basis. Home values grew at a nearly identical rate in urban and suburban areas last year -- 8.8% and 8.7%, respectively. The share of page views on listings on Zillow in urban areas was slightly higher in December 2020 (18.1%) than December 2019 (17.6%),[ii] indicating interest in urban homes has remained steady.
While the for-sale market soared, rent growth was stunted in 2020, slowing from 3.5% annual price growth in 2019 to 0.8% last year. But suburban rents accelerated during the pandemic -- since February, annual rent growth has swelled from 3.8% to 5.2% in the suburbs. Urban rent growth fell from 3.6% to 1.5% during the same period.
It remains to be seen what the impact will be of local economies fully opening up and some workers who had been working remotely returning to offices at least part-time. Zillow economists expect a bounceback for urban rents this year as vaccine distribution continues and local economies kick back into gear. A record number of adults lived with their parents in April as nearly 3 million Americans -- mostly from Generation Z -- moved back home as the pandemic hit. A majority of 18-25 year-olds rent, and nearly half of those rent in urban areas, suggesting many of those who moved home will return to cities when amenities reopen, they feel it is safe and they are financially able to do so.
A panel of economists surveyed by Zillow expects the COVID-19 pandemic to have a lasting impact on some home buyer preferences, including boosted demand for suburban living and homes in "secondary cities."[iii] The panel also largely expects overall rent growth to recover to pre-pandemic levels within the next two years -- 11% of respondents predict annual rent growth will reach 4% this year, 33% think it will reach that mark next year, and 29% think it will have rebounded by 2023.[iv]
Metro Area* |
2020 Home Value |
2020 Home Value |
2020 Rent Growth |
2020 Rent Growth |
United States |
8.8% |
8.7% |
1.5% |
5.2% |
New York, NY |
3.3% |
8.8% |
-7.8% |
5.7% |
Los Angeles, CA |
9.5% |
9.4% |
0.4% |
3.6% |
Chicago, IL |
6.2% |
5.8% |
-0.3% |
3.9% |
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX |
8.9% |
7.6% |
0.9% |
4.7% |
Philadelphia, PA |
12.2% |
9.1% |
3.3% |
3.3% |
Houston, TX |
5.8% |
6.3% |
-0.5% |
3.7% |
Washington, DC |
6.7% |
7.9% |
-3.7% |
2.7% |
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL |
6.7% |
7.3% |
2.3% |
4.0% |
Atlanta, GA |
5.2% |
9.3% |
1.1% |
8.5% |
Boston, MA |
7.5% |
9.9% |
N/A |
N/A |
San Francisco, CA |
5.6% |
7.9% |
-7.7% |
0.7% |
Detroit, MI |
11.3% |
9.5% |
5.3% |
5.0% |
Riverside, CA |
11.9% |
10.2% |
3.0% |
9.3% |
Phoenix, AZ |
17.2% |
14.9% |
7.6% |
9.8% |
Seattle, WA |
11.1% |
13.5% |
-4.4% |
4.3% |
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN |
7.6% |
7.5% |
-0.8% |
3.2% |
San Diego, CA |
13.1% |
12.3% |
3.4% |
4.4% |
St. Louis, MO |
11.6% |
8.2% |
6.8% |
4.9% |
Tampa, FL |
14.1% |
11.3% |
6.0% |
7.5% |
Baltimore, MD |
8.6% |
7.5% |
5.5% |
3.6% |
Denver, CO |
7.2% |
8.5% |
0.3% |
2.3% |
Pittsburgh, PA |
11.1% |
8.3% |
0.1% |
5.6% |
Portland, OR |
9.6% |
9.5% |
3.7% |
5.3% |
Charlotte, NC |
10.1% |
10.3% |
6.0% |
6.5% |
Sacramento, CA |
11.4% |
11.0% |
5.2% |
8.2% |
San Antonio, TX |
6.4% |
5.7% |
2.7% |
4.4% |
Orlando, FL |
8.3% |
7.7% |
2.8% |
2.9% |
Cincinnati, OH |
15.5% |
11.1% |
5.1% |
4.6% |
Cleveland, OH |
16.5% |
10.1% |
7.7% |
8.1% |
Kansas City, MO |
18.2% |
9.6% |
4.5% |
6.1% |
Las Vegas, NV |
7.4% |
7.8% |
5.4% |
7.1% |
Columbus, OH |
14.5% |
10.2% |
2.0% |
4.6% |
Indianapolis, IN |
18.3% |
9.9% |
8.0% |
7.2% |
San Jose, CA |
13.9% |
13.3% |
-4.9% |
-7.0% |
Austin, TX |
14.2% |
13.2% |
-3.0% |
1.5% |
Virginia Beach, VA |
9.4% |
8.2% |
7.0% |
5.7% |
Nashville, TN |
10.5% |
8.6% |
1.5% |
2.7% |
Providence, RI |
13.7% |
10.4% |
N/A |
N/A |
Milwaukee, WI |
12.1% |
9.9% |
1.3% |
N/A |
Jacksonville, FL |
10.5% |
8.1% |
7.1% |
6.7% |
Memphis, TN |
13.5% |
10.6% |
6.7% |
13.1% |
Oklahoma City, OK |
9.2% |
6.9% |
N/A |
5.1% |
Louisville, KY |
10.8% |
8.6% |
5.2% |
4.2% |
Hartford, CT |
9.2% |
8.4% |
N/A |
N/A |
Richmond, VA |
7.2% |
7.4% |
4.1% |
4.6% |
New Orleans, LA |
5.3% |
6.5% |
N/A |
N/A |
Buffalo, NY |
12.9% |
10.1% |
N/A |
N/A |
Raleigh, NC |
7.8% |
6.9% |
2.8% |
3.7% |
Birmingham, AL |
16.2% |
8.7% |
N/A |
4.7% |
Salt Lake City, UT |
13.1% |
13.7% |
N/A |
N/A |
*Table ordered by market size |
About Zillow Group
Zillow Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: Z and ZG) is reimagining real estate to make it easier to unlock life's next chapter.
As the most-visited real estate website in the U.S., Zillow® and its affiliates offer customers an on-demand experience for selling, buying, renting or financing with transparency and nearly seamless end-to-end service. Zillow Offers® buys and sells homes directly in dozens of markets across the country, allowing sellers control over their timeline. Zillow Home Loans™, our affiliate lender, provides our customers with an easy option to get pre-approved and secure financing for their next home purchase. Zillow recently launched Zillow Homes, Inc., a licensed brokerage entity, to streamline Zillow Offers transactions.
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[i] According to Zillow data. Movements in year-over-year changes since February 2020 in metrics were examined for both urban and suburban areas to examine how each have potentially differed during the coronavirus pandemic. This approach is used to control for differences in urban and suburban conditions that may have existed pre-pandemic. The classification of areas as urban or suburban was done at the ZIP code level and was derived from a nationwide Trulia survey. That methodology is published here: http://jedkolko.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Data-and-methodological-details-052715.pdf
[ii] Including all page views of for-sale homes on Zillow.com and the Zillow app, excluding those from real estate agents and other professional users. Daily figures were calculated using a seven-day trailing average. Year-over-year comparisons were made after offsetting 2019 data by two days in order to compare consistent days of the week.
[iii] This edition of the Zillow Home Price Expectations Survey surveyed 104 experts between August 17, 2020 and September 1, 2020. The survey was conducted by Pulsenomics LLC on behalf of Zillow, Inc. The Zillow Home Price Expectations Survey and any related materials are available through Zillow and Pulsenomics.
[iv] This edition of the Zillow Home Price Expectations Survey surveyed 113 experts between November 23, 2020 and December 8, 2020. The survey was conducted by Pulsenomics LLC on behalf of Zillow, Inc. The Zillow Home Price Expectations Survey and any related materials are available through Zillow and Pulsenomics.
SOURCE Zillow
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