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守正笃行:IBM 张榕解码 AI 时代的组织变革与人才之道

IBM Corporation logo. (PRNewsfoto/IBM Corporation)

News provided by

IBM China

Apr 03, 2026, 05:22 ET

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本文原载于数字商业时代。作者:王永。转载已获授权。

摘要:《数字商业时代》2026女性领导力「她AI」专访 IBM 大中华区人力资源官张榕。

北京, April 3, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- 2025 年的科技圈,用 "乱花渐欲迷人眼" 形容再贴切不过。大模型赛道的烧钱大战此起彼伏,各类 AI 工具迭代速度让人目不暇接,不少企业在追逐热点中迷失了方向,战略摇摆不定。

而在这场喧嚣中,IBM (NYSE: IBM) 却显得格外 "清冷"—— 清醒、冷静地避开流量内卷,把重心放在 AI 基础设施管理和企业级应用的落地上。

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IBM 大中华区人力资源官张榕。
IBM 大中华区人力资源官张榕。

而这份不随波逐流、锚定长期价值的战略定力,在与 IBM 大中华区首席人力资源官张榕的深度交流中,得到了尤为生动的诠释。深耕 IBM 近 28 年,历经多个关键人力资源岗位,她亲历了公司从传统 IT 企业向 AI 与混合云公司的转型。在她看来,AI 时代企业真正的变革,从来不是技术本身,而是组织运行方式、人才标准与领导逻辑的深层重构。

清冷守局:AI 时代的组织变革逻辑

"很多组织在纷繁复杂的环境中无所适从,但 IBM 始终知道自己要什么。" 张榕认为,这种 "清冷" 不是保守,而是基于对行业的深刻理解和对技术底层逻辑的判断。不跟风卷大模型,而是做 AI 时代不可或缺的 "水电气",这种稳健务实的风格,同样贯穿在 HR 团队的工作中。"我们不做只会写 PPT、记会议纪要的单点工具,而是用'断、简、替'的递进思维,打造规模化的企业级 AI 应用。"

所谓"断",是剔除冗余流程;"简",是简化复杂环节;"替",才是用自动化和智能技术替代重复性工作。张榕举了一个内部案例:IBM 的晋升管理 AI 应用,每季度在全球范围内要处理 15000 至 17000 个案例,从规则设定、预算管理,到筛选符合条件的员工、给出调薪建议,再到管理团队批复,整个流程基本实现自动化,效率提升约 50%。

"这类应用不一定很炫,但对企业来说很有价值。它可以让 HR 团队从大量事务性工作中抽离出来,去做更有战略价值的事情。"张榕强调,AI 在企业中的角色,并不是替代管理者,而是让管理者从数据处理和流程审批中解放出来,把更多精力放在判断和决策上。AI 可以提供分析和建议,提高决策效率,让决策更加科学,但最终做决定的一定是人。AI 是人的 AI,不是机器的 AI。

当技术进入企业之后,改变的不只是流程效率,也在悄悄改变管理者的工作方式。过去很多管理者把大量时间花在审批流程、数据整理和流程管理上,而未来这些工作会越来越多由系统完成,管理者的角色也会随之发生变化。

谈及职业生涯中对领导力的理解,张榕把管理者的成长总结为三个递进阶段。最初是"自我领导"(Lead Self),核心是打造专业深度,把自己的工作做到极致;进入团队领导(Lead Team)阶段,就必须完成角色转换——不能再事必躬亲,而是要鼓舞团队、培养人才、带领团队交付结果。

在她看来,很多人职业发展卡在瓶颈期,就是因为没有完成这个角色转换。"事必躬亲不仅让自己精疲力竭,也会剥夺团队的成长机会。"而当进入组织领导(Lead Organization)层面后,战略思维、格局和远见就成为核心能力,需要能够感召追随者、激发组织活力、推动战略落地。

在 AI 时代,这种领导力认知被赋予了新的内涵。"现在大家都在焦虑 AI 会抢走自己的蛋糕,却很少思考怎么和 AI 一起把蛋糕做大。" 张榕认为,这背后其实是格局和远见的问题。她以中国的基础设施投资为例:"那些前期看似没有回报的投入,最终因为超出常人的格局和远见而厚积薄发。"IBM 不跟风追 AI 风口的选择,正是这种领导力的体现 —— 不被短期热度裹挟,坚守长期价值。

以人为本:人才标准与价值坚守

作为科技行业资深的女性领导者,张榕对女性在行业中的角色变化也有着长期观察。"工业时代靠体力,女性可能处于相对弱势,但现在的科技行业靠脑力和软技能,这和性别无关。" 她透露,IBM 大中华区最高管理层中女性占比已达一半。不过社会层面的传统观念仍在影响女性职业发展,"很多人默认女性要承担更多家庭责任,这在一定程度上制约了她们的职业节奏"。

但她也观察到,00 后一代已很少受这种传统观念束缚,而女性的 "独特力量" 在 AI 时代正变得愈发珍贵。"女性通常更善于倾听、更有共情能力,也更擅长协作。" 张榕解释说,科技行业中不乏 "智商很高但沟通缺少温度" 的技术人才,而在组织转型中,这些感性能力恰恰是打破壁垒、凝聚共识的关键。"AI 时代,理性的机器互动越来越多,感性的情感互动就变得稀缺,而稀缺的东西往往更有价值。"

AI 的发展也在重新定义企业对人才的要求。IBM 将坚持多年的"T 型技能"模型升级为"π 型技能"——不再是一专多能,而是多专多能,希望员工能够提前储备多元能力,以应对业务变化。在张榕看来,未来人才的核心竞争力可以从三个层面来看:技能、心态和认知。技能层面,不一定人人都要写代码,但必须理解技术能做什么;心态层面,要能够快速适应变化、拥抱变化;认知层面,则要跳出"战术胜利、战略失败"的误区,具备大局观和责任感。

"职场中很多人纠结于职责边界,'这事不归我管就坚决不做',但在快速变化的时代,这种认知很难有大发展。" 张榕感慨,那些不计得失、使命必达的人才,在当下的商业环境中尤为可贵。而 IBM 愿意为员工的 "预判性技能投资",也正是其员工忠诚度高的重要原因 —— 服务十年以上的员工比比皆是,二十年以上的也不在少数。

AI 在 HR 领域的应用,也直接改变了她的工作方式。她用两个词来形容这种变化:省心、省力。大型组织最担心政策执行出现人为偏差,而 AI 可以整合政策规则,通过数字员工自动执行,保证一致性,这是"省心";而处理工资单、开具证明、解答薪酬福利问题等事务性工作,现在通过内部智能客服就可以即时完成,这是"省力"。更重要的是,业务部门的管理者也从中受益,例如年度调薪时,AI 可以提前整合数据并给出建议,经理只需要做决策。

但在效率提升的同时,IBM 始终坚持一个原则:AI 必须服务于人,而不是取代人。所有 AI 应用都遵循"机器提供分析建议,人做最终决策"的原则。这种平衡,在她看来也来自 IBM 的文化底色——对人的尊重。

为了让这种"温度"能够真正体现在组织管理中,IBM 的绩效考核体系设置了三大支柱:业务指标、行为指标和团队敬业度指标。每年的敬业度调查都是匿名进行,员工可以给高管和直属经理提出反馈,结果会分享给每一位经理,并制定改进计划。这种机制让公司的价值观能够真正进入管理决策,而不只是停留在口号上。

面对算法偏见的行业痛点,IBM 的解决方案是 "体系化保障包容度"。" AI其实既聪明但又容易误入歧途。你喂它莲子,它口吐莲花, 你喂它错误信息,它输出谬论。" 张榕透露,IBM 有明确的多元化政策、必修课和兼职组织,这些理念会自然融入 AI 算法。"我们的简历筛选绝对不会把年龄、性别、婚姻状况作为条件。" 甚至原本只针对女性的活动,现在也必须向全员开放,这体现了性别在职场中的淡化。

在 AI 转型的挑战下,IBM 依然能连续斩获 "最佳雇主奖",张榕认为核心在于守住了三个关键点:业务增长、个人发展和企业文化。业务上,领导团队积极拓展新领域,保持了持续的招聘需求;个人发展上,公司提供全面的课程资源,员工可以定制学习计划,还能通过导师、教练和项目实践提升技能;文化上,在 "尊重人" 的百年底色基础上,又新增了 "速度、责任心、数据驱动、开放" 四大行为准则。

"以前 IBM 做决策要反复论证,但 AI 时代迭代速度太快,现在我们提倡'快速尝试、快速调整'。" 张榕举例,这种文化变革让公司在保持严谨的同时,也拥有了适应时代的敏捷性。而针对大中华区人才 "职业抱负偏保守" 的特点,IBM 特别强调 "开放" 行为,鼓励领导团队 "勇敢表达诉求、敢于跨界挑战",进而带动整个组织更有活力。

写在最后

谈及 AI 的终极战略价值,张榕始终强调:一个企业不能只把盈利当终极目标,IBM 的百年历史就是靠'科技创新、解决人类难题的使命支撑下来的。"AI 的价值也应融入企业使命,成为推动社会进步的力量。去年 AI 是智能体,今年是协作者,但这个协作者是善良的还是危险的,取决于企业的道德底线。 这也是 IBM 聚焦自主 AI 的原因 —— 在风控基础上实现 AI 的正向价值。"

回头看IBM这些年的转型路径,会发现它始终不是一家追逐风口的公司,而是一家不断重塑自己的公司。从大型机到服务,从云计算到人工智能,每一次转型都不算喧闹,却都走得很深。

而张榕的职业轨迹,某种程度上也与IBM相似——不张扬、不跳跃,却在长期的组织变革与人才管理实践中,一点点建立起对企业、技术与人的理解。

技术不断改变企业的形态,但企业的核心始终没有改变:如何组织人、激发人、让人与公司一起共赢。在 AI 时代,这个问题没有变得更简单,反而变得更加重要。也许多年之后回头看,决定企业差距的,依然不是用了什么技术,而是有没有建立起真正有生命力的组织。

IBM 媒体联络人:

陈赟,[email protected]

SOURCE IBM China

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