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Il sostegno globale alla produzione agricola (SGPA, Global Support to Agricultural Production): il sostegno all'agricoltura pro-capite negli Stati Uniti è quasi tre volte superiore rispetto all'Unione Europea


News provided by

momagri

Jun 26, 2012, 02:00 ET

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PARIGI, June 26, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

L'indicatore SGPA del Momagri ha rivelato un fatto poco noto: i sussidi all'agricoltura negli USA sono decisamente superiori rispetto alle cifre fornite in genere e superano di gran lunga quelli concessi dall'Unione Europea (UE) e dai suoi stati membri.

Per visualizzare il comunicato stampa multimediale, fare clic su:

http://www.multivu.com/mnr/56561-momagri-agricultural-support 

Di fatto, nel 2010 negli Stati Uniti sono stati stanziati oltre 172[1] miliardi di USD, contro i  76 miliardi di EUR nell'UE, o 422 EUR pro capite negli USA contro 151 EUR pro capite nell'UE, cioè quasi il triplo. Questa osservazione smentisce gli stereotipi secondo cui gli agricoltori europei sono i più assistiti. E il divario è in continua crescita dal 2008.

Sull'altro versante dell'Atlantico, le politiche mirano a stimolare e ad assicurare la produzione agricola, dagli agricoltori ai consumatori, in maniera anti-ciclica, cioè prendendo in considerazione l'andamento del mercato. Un'altra caratteristica specifica è l'aiuto alimentare interno (54 per cento dell'SGPA nel 2010), in genere considerato un sussidio sociale, che di fatto rappresenta un sussidio attivo al settore agricolo ed agro-alimentare americano e viene stimato in oltre 94 miliardi di USD. Nell'ambito della riforma in corso - la Agriculture Reform, Food and Jobs Act of 2012 - si sta valutando la possibilità di modificare i meccanismi di protezione del reddito, pur mantenendo la forza di un arsenale di sussidi.

Nell'UE il sostegno agli agricoltori prevede principalmente sussidi diretti per il loro standard di vita (64 per cento dell'SGPA nel 2010): in particolare, questi includono i regimi di pagamento unico, che rispondono del 47 per cento di tutti gli aiuti all'agricoltura versati nel 2010. La logica degli aiuti è incentrata sugli agricoltori, ma non è collegata ai prezzi di produzione e di mercato. Così, la politica europea non dispone degli strumenti per reagire con efficienza all'instabilità dei prezzi. E la riforma della PAC post-2013 proposta dalla Commissione Europea peggiora ulteriormente le cose, senza affrontare le difficoltà degli agricoltori europei.

Alla luce di tale studio, il Momagri esorta i leader europei ad includere nella futura PAC dei meccanismi regolatori autentici per stabilizzare i prezzi e i redditi dell'agricoltura, introducendo al contempo una maggiore efficienza nella spesa dell'UE.

In caso contrario, l'UE dovrà assumersi una sempre maggiore dipendenza alimentare, con tutte le conseguenze che ne deriveranno a livello sociale, finanziario e politico. Il processo è già iniziato, poiché l'Unione Europea ha raddoppiato le importazioni nell'ultimo decennio e sembra importare l'equivalente della produzione di 87 milioni di acri di terreno coltivato, pari alla superficie della Germania[2].

http://www.momagri.org

1. Oppure 130,5 miliardi di EUR (tasso di cambio US$/€  130,5 miliardi € = 0,755, come da OCSE, 2010).

2. http://operaresearch.eu/files/repository/20111021145840_Etude-Humboldt-FR.pdf

Video: http://www.multivu.com/mnr/56561-momagri-agricultural-support

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