Arguably our "first freedom" is the freedom of conscience, belief, and religion. Central to religious liberty is the right of religious association. Religious individuals and groups have the right to live, worship, and organize according to the dictates of their faith. Yet their rights are being increasingly threatened. Dr. Paul Murray, co-chair of the Capital Area Coalition for Religious Freedom, said "Many pastors and other religious leaders are greatly concerned as their deeply-held religious convictions are now viewed as a threat in an evolving popular culture. Faith-based organizations and schools also struggle to continue their vital religious missions as they are confronted by workplace, zoning and other types of legal challenges." The faith communities that face such attacks are often non-traditional or outside the mainstream, but the damage to religious liberty ultimately affects all.
Defenders of religious freedom are increasingly concerned that this is exactly what is happening in a case currently before the Washington, DC Superior Court (Family Federation for World Peace and Unification, et al v. Hyun Jin Moon, et al.) A summary judgement ruling there by Judge Laura Cordero ignored voluminous evidence of the religious disputes and schism at the heart of this case. Imam Talib Shareef, President and Imam of the Nation's Mosque, Masjid Muhammad in Washington DC stated "I am quite familiar with the important work led by Dr. Hyun Jin Preston Moon and have observed this particular case with growing alarm. As a longtime DC resident and a religious leader here, I am very concerned about how this important and complex case is being handled. If the summary judgement ruling in this case becomes legal precedent, it will seriously erode the religious freedom protections for all faith communities, new and old."
Freedom of religious association means that government and courts cannot interfere with the beliefs and doctrines, ways of organizing and governing, or the selection of leaders for religious communities. A brief examination of the Unification Movement experience illustrates how misguided court rulings can infringe on all these elements and can provide insights for other faith communities that may face similar challenges.
Rev. Moon's spiritual vision and teachings inspired the work of hundreds of organizations and projects worldwide to promote unity and peace within the human family under God. Collectively these have been known as the Unification Movement. Transformational spiritual leaders like Reverend Moon are often misunderstood; the significance and impact of their lives and work become clearer with the passage of time.
The Unification Movement was misunderstood by many—including the DC Superior Court—because the prevalent understanding of religious entities and what defines a "church" is heavily influenced by experience with mainline Christian denominations. New religious movements require a nuanced understanding—their teachings, traditions, and structures are often still developing and evolving.
The best way to understand a new religious movement is through the perspective and experiences of its believers. Unfortunately, that perspective has been ignored in the case in question, with implications that threaten the right to believe for all because it disregards well-established legal precedent regarding religious freedom.
During Rev. Moon's final years, disputes arose within the Unification Movement over doctrine, organization and leadership. Starting in 1994, Rev. Moon had initiated a series of dramatic changes. On the 40th anniversary of the founding of the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification and World Christianity (HSA-UWC), he declared the "end of the church era" and the opening of a new era centered on families. He declared the completion of the mission of HSA-UWC and called for it to be dismantled as the Movement entered a new era. In 1996, he established the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (FFWPU) as an entity within the Unification Movement that would advance new goals in accordance with the new era. This transition signified the Unification Movement going from a centralized church-like structure to a decentralized, grass-roots association that empowers individual members and their families.
Along with this fundamental shift in focus, Rev. Moon also initiated a major transition to the next generation of leaders. Most importantly, in 1998, when he was 78 years old, Reverend Moon designated his son Dr. Hyun Jin Preston Moon as his successor to lead the movement with the mantle of spiritual authority. Dr. Moon, an accomplished theologian, Olympic athlete, and successful entrepreneur, was 29 at the time.
The Unification Movement thus began the 21st century with new focus that required not only organizational restructuring but also transformation of the leadership culture. Dr. Moon initiated major leadership training programs and major reforms at his father's behest. Along with this shift to the family-centered movement came the founding of organizations for world peace, including the Universal Peace Federation (UPF). For ten years—from 1998 to 2008—Dr. Moon led the Movement through this transition and into a period of unprecedented growth and prosperity.
Not surprisingly, the sweeping changes during this period were a threat to leaders entrenched in the church-like structure being dismantled. These clerics sought common cause with Dr. Moon's mother, Mrs. Hak Ja Han, and several of his siblings to resist change and maintain their control by attacking Dr. Moon.
Since 2009 this group initiated more than 30 court cases on three continents against Dr. Moon and others within the Unification Movement. The majority of these cases were dismissed outright because they lacked merit and substance and were recognized as part of a larger religious schism. Ironically this one remaining case is proceeding in the capital of the United States, the epitome of religious freedom around the world. The case involves UCI, a board-run, nonprofit religious entity, which supported many Unification Movement related projects including The Washington Times. Dr. Moon has served as Chairman of the UCI Board since 2006.
The cleric group initiated litigation against UCI and its Board in 2011, seeking a hostile takeover through judicial fiat. This case was originally dismissed in 2013 by Judge Josey-Herring based on ecclesiastic abstention, as she correctly recognized this was a religious dispute dealing with spiritual authority and polity. Yet, on appeal the case reverted back to the Superior Court to allow the presentation of evidence. It is still ongoing at tremendous cost to DC taxpayers and to Unification Movement members.
Yet, the most outrageous ruling in this case came in a 2018 summary judgment, issued by Judge Laura Cordero, that ignored the nuances of a new religious movement, the complexities of the case, and First Amendment concerns, and decided issues that were properly left to trial. In effect, her ruling determined the succession, theology, and polity of the Unification Movement amidst a religious schism. It determined leadership because the court ignored evidence of a major religious dispute about succession and accepted the false narrative of the plaintiff. It determined theology because the courts evaluated religious terminology that the UCI board had amended in its Articles of Incorporation. And it determined the organizational structure of the Unification Movement because it erroneously legitimized the FFWPU's claim to be some form of "supra-authority" over the Movement.
Judge Cordero's ruling is deeply troubling, not only for lifelong members of the Unification Movement, but for advocates of religious freedom. It sets a dangerous precedent that threatens the rights of all religious communities and believers. Would Judge Cordero have rushed to issue a summary judgment and decided to punish the defendants if they were from a mainstream faith rather than a new religious movement? Her ruling casts aside and impugns the sincere faith and convictions of a very large community of believers. Our right to believe is "unalienable as endowed by the Creator"; the DC Court got this seriously wrong. The court has no place taking sides in a religious schism.
Judge Jennifer Anderson, currently presiding over the UCI case, still has the power to do the right thing. She can properly dismiss the case on First Amendment grounds. Doing so would be in line with the DC Appellate Court's guidance to dismiss the case if it becomes apparent that it hinges upon matters of religious doctrine and polity.
The UCI case serves as a warning of judicial overreach to religious organizations, religious freedom advocates, and nonprofits in the District of Columbia and beyond. Hundreds of thousands of faithful members around the world are sincerely praying that Judge Anderson follows her conscience as well as her pledge to uphold the Constitution as an honorable Superior Court judge and dismisses this case.
Howard C. Self is the President of Right To Believe, a not for profit organization dedicated to the protection of Constitutional and First Amendment rights for all.
For any inquiries, please contact [email protected]
SOURCE Right To Believe
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