Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for Lighting Applications
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INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDYBCC Research last examined this market in January 2010 and considers this an appropriate time to see what progress had been made. The status of LEDs in five major industries is examined and they are compared to traditional bulb products.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
BCC Research also estimates the total number of individual LEDs being manufactured and presents an analysis of the materials used for substrates. This study will be of interest to those in the photonics industry, manufacturers of solid-state devices, microelectronic manufacturers, those involved with automotive and transportation lighting systems, makers of mobile devices, traffic planners, municipal administrators, and those involved with general illumination in homes, offices and industrial locations. It will also interest home designers, builders and companies engaged in the manufacture of deposition equipment.
SCOPE OF REPORT
This study encompasses technologies and materials for fabricating colored and white LEDs. BCC Research assesses each technology and then focuses on where it is used. The five major industries using HB-LEDs are analyzed to evaluate their current market statuses and to develop future projections. Forecasts of unit shipments and their values are made for 2011, 2012 and 2017. Various technical issues are discussed. In addition, a thorough economic analysis is presented.
BCC Research analyzes the high-brightness LED industry on a global basis, including manufacturing capability and consumption by various regional markets. It examines global government funding and support, industry involvement, standards, and other pertinent factors related to the success of solid-state lighting. BCC also reviews the various materials and material systems that create different colored LEDs and their potential technologies for the future.
METHODOLOGYIn this report update, the cost of substrates for the various kinds of LEDs is included in their overall value. Most industry executives and technical managers report that finished products contain the material needed for the full performance of an LED and they do not separate the substrate as an added cost. They are part of the overall materials system for each LED.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Approximately 135 companies were interviewed to obtain data for this study. Interviewees included manufacturers of HB-LEDs, components, lighting devices, makers of fabrication equipment and related materials; distributors of HB-LEDs; and executives in the industries covered in this report. Other data sources included lighting research organizations, financial and trade publications, and government sources.
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
The original report on which this update edition is based was prepared by Bob Moran. Mr. Moran has worked as a technology market analyst and technology writer for more than 20 years and is the author of numerous BCC Research reports. He has authored reports covering thin film deposition, photovoltaic solar technology, magnetic and optical storage, surface modification of polymers, and other technology topics. He has also served as the editor of BCC Research publications, including Display Industry News and Micro and Nanotechnology.
The analyst responsible for updating the report is Andrew McWilliams, a partner in the Boston–based international technology and marketing consulting firm, 43rd Parallel LLC. Mr. McWilliams is the author or coauthor of many other BCC studies, including studies in related fields such as NAN031D Nanotechnology: A Realistic Market Assessment; NAN036B Nanotechnology for Photonics: Global Markets; AVM078A New Electronic Materials and Device Technologies: Global Markets; and EGY053C Advanced Materials and Devices for Renewable Energy: Global Markets.
TABLE OF CONTENTSSTUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE 1
SCOPE OF REPORT 1
METHODOLOGY 2
INFORMATION SOURCES 2
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 2
RELATED BCC REPORTS 2
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 3
DISCLAIMER 3
CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 5
SUMMARY TABLE ESTIMATED GLOBAL LED LIGHTING SHIPMENTS AND MARKET SHARES,
2011 ($ MILLIONS/SHARE %) 5
SUMMARY FIGURE VALUE OF GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY, 2011 ($ MILLIONS) 5
CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SOLID-STATE LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT 8
GLOBAL ENERGY USE FOR LIGHTING 8
CURRENT LIGHTING SYSTEMS 9
TABLE 1 EFFICACIES OF CURRENT LIGHTING SYSTEMS (LUMENS PER WATT) 10
THE IMPORTANCE OF LED LIGHTING 10
TABLE 2 OVERALL BENEFITS OF SOLID-STATE LIGHTING 11
APPLICATIONS OF SOLID-STATE LIGHTING 11
TABLE 3 GENERAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLID-STATE LEDS 11
CHAPTER 4 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 13
TABLE 4 LEADING COMPANIES IN THE LED SOLID-STATE LIGHTING INDUSTRY 13
GLOBAL MANUFACTURING TRENDS 14
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF LED MANUFACTURING 15
TABLE 5 ESTIMATED GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF LEDS FOR SOLID-STATE LIGHTING
APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2011-2017 (%) 15
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF LEDS BY REGION 2011-2017 (%) 15
REGIONAL CONSUMPTION OF LEDS 16
TABLE 6 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF SOLID-STATE LEDS BY REGION, 2011-2017 (%) 16
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LEDS BY REGION, 2011–2017 (%) 16
MARKET SHARES 17
TABLE 7 MAJOR LED MAKERS BY GLOBAL MARKET SHARE, 2011 (%) 18
FIGURE 3 LED GLOBAL MARKET SHARES, 2011 (%) 18
CHAPTER 5 LED TECHNOLOGY 20
BASIC LED TECHNOLOGY 20
TABLE 8 BASIC STRUCTURE OF A LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE 20
SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES 21
HOW LEDS WORK 21
COMMON LED TYPES AND PACKAGES 21
TABLE 9 BASIC LED TYPES AND PACKAGES 21
COLOR QUALITY 22
Light and Color Basics 22
Correlated Color Temperature 22
The Color Rendering Index 23
Getting LEDs to Emit Color 23
Table 10 KEY MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCING COLOR IN LEDS 23
HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDS 23
BACKGROUND 24
TABLE 11 COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDS 24
MAKING WHITE LIGHT WITH LEDS 25
TABLE 12 COMPARISON OF WHITE LIGHT LED TECHNOLOGIES 25
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND ENHANCEMENTS IN LED TECHNOLOGY 26
QUANTUM DOT LEDS 27
CARBON NANOTUBE LEDS 28
RARE EARTH DOPED METAL OXIDE NANOPHOSPHOR LEDS 29
OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 29
LED FABRICATION 30
TRADITIONAL INDICATOR LED 30
TABLE 13 DESCRIPTION OF A TYPICAL INDICATOR LAMP 30
HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LED 31
TABLE 14 DESCRIPTION OF A HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LED 31
SUBSTRATE CONSIDERATIONS 31
TABLE 15 CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO POPULAR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LED SUBSTRATES 31
FABRICATION PROCESSES 32
Metal Organic CVD 32
Table 16 KEY TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES OF MOCVD 33
Molecular Beam Epitaxy 33
Table 17 KEY TECHNICAL FEATURES OF MBE 34
Vapor Phase Epitaxy 34
Liquid Phase Epitaxy 35
LED MANUFACTURERS’ FABRICATION METHODS 35
TABLE 18 LED MANUFACTURERS' PREFERRED FABRICATION PROCESSES* (%) 35
FIGURE 4 LED MANUFACTURERS' PREFERRED LED FABRICATION METHODS (%) 36
ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES 36
LED LIGHTING PATENT ANALYSIS 36
SCOPE OF PATENT ACTIVITY 37
TABLE 19 U.S. LED LIGHTING PATENTS ISSUED BETWEEN JANUARY 2010 AND APRIL 2012
(NUMBER/% OF TOTAL PATENTS) 37
FIGURE 5 US LED LIGHTING PATENTS ISSUED BETWEEN JANUARY 2010 AND APRIL 2012
(% OF TOTAL LED PATENTS) 37
PATENT TRENDS OVER TIME 38
FIGURE 6 U.S. LED-RELATED PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2006-2011 (NUMBER OF
PATENTS) 38
PATENTS BY COMPANY 38
TABLE 20 US LED LIGHTING PATENTS ISSUED BY COMPANY JANUARY 2010-APRIL 2012 39
FIGURE 7 LEADING COMPANY SHARES OF US LED LIGHTING PATENTS ISSUED BETWEEN
JANUARY 2010 AND APRIL 2012 (% OF TOTAL LED PATENTS) 39
CHAPTER 6 POLITICAL, LEGAL AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT 42
PHASE OUT OF INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULBS 42
UNITED STATES 42
OTHER COUNTRIES 42
R&D AND COMMERCIALIZATION SUPPORT 42
UNITED STATES 43
DOE SSL R&D Multiyear Plan 43
Table 21 CURRENT LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE PROJECTS 43
CALiPER Program 44
ENERGY STAR Program for Solid-State Lighting 44
SSL Quality Advocates 44
GATEWAY Demonstration Program 45
EUROPEAN UNION 45
ASIA-PACIFIC NATIONS 45
Japan 45
Korea 46
China 46
LED STANDARDS 46
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE/AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
LIGHTING GROUP 47
TABLE 22 ANSI LED STANDARDS 47
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION 47
TABLE 23 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION LED STANDARDS 47
ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY 47
TABLE 24 ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LED STANDARDS 48
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 48
TABLE 25 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION LED STANDARDS 48
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. 49
TABLE 26 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES LED STANDARDS 49
CHAPTER 7 OVERVIEW OF THE LED LIGHTING MARKET 51
TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDS, BY INDUSTRY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 51
FIGURE 8 VALUE OF GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY, 2011-2017 (%) 51
TABLE 28 GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 52
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL LED UNIT SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY 2011-2017 (% OF TOTAL
SHIPMENTS) 53
CHAPTER 8 THE AUTOMOTIVE LED MARKET 56
MARKET SCOPE 56
LAMP USAGE IN AUTOS 56
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY LED APPLICATIONS 57
MAJOR USES OF LEDS 57
TABLE 29 MAJOR LED APPLICATIONS FOR AUTOMOBILES 57
EXTERIOR LIGHTING 57
The CHMSL Light System 57
Table 30 NUMBER OF LEDS REQUIRED PER LAMP BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY 58
Impact of Materials 58
The SnapLED System 58
Luxeon LEDs Provide Exterior Headlamps 59
INTERIOR LIGHTING 59
TABLE 31 BENEFITS OF USING LEDS IN AUTO INTERIOR LIGHTING 60
TABLE 32 AUTOMOTIVE LED TECHNICAL AND SAFETY FEATURES 61
MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF LEDS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 61
REDUCED MAINTENANCE COSTS 61
INCREASED VEHICLE OPERATING SAFETY 61
TABLE 33 LED SAFETY ADVANTAGES FOR AUTOS 62
SATURATED COLORS, WITHOUT FILTERS 62
REDUCED POWER CONSUMPTION 62
TABLE 34 ESTIMATED COST AND WEIGHT SAVINGS PER SIGNAL LAMP FROM USE OF A
SMALLER ALTERNATOR 62
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES 63
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY 63
LED AUTOMOTIVE LAMPS 63
TABLE 35 SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS OF AUTOMOTIVE LEDS 64
OPTICAL AND THERMAL DESIGN 64
FLEXIBLE PACKAGING 65
Interior Lighting 65
MARKET ASSESSMENT 65
BACKGROUND 65
MARKET DRIVERS 65
TABLE 36 GLOBAL TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2011 (MILLION
UNITS) 66
TABLE 37 PROJECTED GROWTH IN THE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE MARKET FOR LED LIGHTING,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS/%) 66
MARKET FORECAST 66
TABLE 38 TRENDS IN THE AVERAGE NUMBER HB-LED PACKAGES IN VEHICLES AND THEIR
AVERAGE COST, 2011-2017 67
TABLE 39 FORECAST OF GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS/MILLION $) 67
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL VALUE OF LED SHIPMENTS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY,
2011-2017 ($ MILLIONS) 67
TABLE 40 SHIPMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN AUTOMOTIVE PACKAGES, THROUGH
2017 (MILLION UNITS) 68
TABLE 41 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS,
2011-2017 (%) 69
CHAPTER 9 DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING 71
MARKET SCOPE 71
COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES 71
LED APPLICATIONS IN BACKLIGHTING 72
TABLE 42 LED DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING APPLICATIONS 72
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LED BACKLIGHTING 72
TABLE 43 SUMMARY OF LED BACKLIGHTING ADVANTAGES 72
BETTER DISPLAY PERFORMANCE 73
LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION 73
IMPROVED COLOR PERFORMANCE 73
FASTER TURN-ON TIMES 73
THINNER FORM FACTOR 73
LONGER LIFESPAN 74
MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY 74
CURRENT LED BACKLIGHTING LAMPS 74
LIGHT GUIDES 74
COLOR POINT STABILITY 74
EDGE VS. DIRECT SYSTEMS 74
WHITE VS. RGB LIGHT 75
PACKAGING 75
TABLE 44 SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS OF DISPLAY BACKLIGHT LEDS 75
MARKET ASSESSMENT 75
DISPLAY GROWTH TREND 75
TABLE 45 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF LCD MONITORS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 76
TABLE 46 LED MARKET PENETRATION OF LCD MONITOR BACKLIGHTING, THROUGH 2017
(MILLION UNITS/%) 76
TABLE 47 TOTAL VALUE OF GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF LED BACKLIGHTS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 77
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL VALUE OF LED SHIPMENTS FOR DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING, 2011-2017 ($
MILLIONS) 77
TABLE 48 INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN LCD DISPLAY BACKLIGHTS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION
UNITS) 78
TABLE 49 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING,
2011–2017 (%) 78
CHAPTER 10 THE MOBILE LED MARKET 80
MARKET SCOPE 80
TABLE 50 REPRESENTATIVE MOBILE PRODUCT APPLICATIONS FOR HB-LEDS 80
COMPETING LIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES 80
SELF-EMITTING DISPLAYS 81
XENON FLASH TECHNOLOGY 81
CURRENT MOBILE DEVICE LEDS 81
TABLE 51 SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS OF MOBILE DEVICE LEDS 81
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MOBILE LED MARKET 81
ADVANTAGES OF LEDS IN THE MOBILE MARKET 82
TABLE 52 ADVANTAGES OF LEDS IN THE MOBILE MARKET 82
EASE OF USE 82
THINNER DEVICES 83
REDUCED POWER CONSUMPTION AND LONGER LIFETIMES 83
MARKET ASSESSMENT 83
TABLE 53 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MOBILE AND HANDHELD DEVICES, THROUGH
2017 (MILLION UNITS) 83
TABLE 54 AVERAGE NUMBER OF LEDS IN DISPLAYS FOR MOBILE DEVICES AND AVERAGE
COSTS, 2011-2017 83
TABLE 55 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LED UNITS USED IN MOBILE DEVICES,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS/$ MILLIONS) 84
FIGURE 12 VALUE OF GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS FOR THE MOBILE DEVICE MARKET,
2012–2017 ($ MILLIONS) 84
TABLE 56 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN MOBILE DEVICES, THROUGH
2017 (MILLION UNITS) 85
TABLE 57 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR MOBILE DISPLAYS, 2011-2017
(%) 85
CHAPTER 11 SIGNALS AND SIGNAGE LED MARKETS 87
MARKET SCOPE 87
TABLE 58 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR HB-LEDS IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE 87
LED ACTIVITY IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE 88
CURRENT LED SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE LAMPS 88
TABLE 59 SAMPLE CONFIGURATION OF SIGNAL AND SIGNAGE LEDS 88
TRAFFIC SIGNAL MODULES 88
CHANNEL LIGHTING SYSTEMS 89
POWER STRIP LIGHTS 89
CONTOUR LIGHTS 89
ADVANTAGES OF LEDS FOR SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE APPLICATIONS 89
SIGNALING APPLICATIONS 90
Energy Savings 90
Longer Lifetimes 90
Increased Safety 90
Environmental and Standards-Related Advantages 90
SIGNAGE APPLICATIONS 90
Ease of Installation 91
Ruggedness 91
Design Flexibility 91
MARKET ASSESSMENT 91
TABLE 60 PROJECTED GLOBAL GROWTH OF LEDS IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE
INDUSTRIES, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 91
TABLE 61 AVERAGE NUMBER OF LEDS IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE PRODUCTS AND
AVERAGE COST, THROUGH 2017 (UNITS/$) 92
FIGURE 13 VALUE OF LED SHIPMENTS FOR SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE LEDS, 2011–2017 ($
MILLIONS) 93
TABLE 62 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 93
TABLE 63 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE
APPLICATIONS, 2011-2017 (%) 95
CHAPTER 12 THE GENERAL ILLUMINATION MARKET 97
MARKET SCOPE 97
TABLE 64 SCOPE OF THE GENERAL ILLUMINATION MARKET 97
LED ACTIVITY IN GENERAL LIGHTING 98
SHOP AND OFFICE LIGHTING 98
LEDS FOR STREET LIGHTING 98
TABLE 65 HIGHLIGHTS IN DEVELOPING LEDS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION 99
COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES 99
CURRENT LED PRODUCTS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION 99
TABLE 66 SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS OF GENERAL ILLUMINATION LEDS 100
LED DOWNLIGHT FOR COMMERCIAL/RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS 100
ARCHITECTURAL LUMINAIRES FOR OFFICES, SCHOOLS, RETAIL STORES 100
DOE Helps with Street Lights 100
GENERAL ILLUMINATION APPLICATIONS 101
TABLE 67 KEY APPLICATIONS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION 101
ADVANTAGES OF LEDS IN GENERAL ILLUMINATION 101
LIGHTING EFFICIENCY 101
IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIGHT 102
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS 102
LONGER LIFETIMES 102
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY AND USER CONTROL 102
COST-EFFECTIVENESS 102
MARKET ASSESSMENT 103
TABLE 68 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF CONVENTIONAL LAMPS FOR GENERAL LIGHTING,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 103
TABLE 69 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LEDS IN GENERAL ILLUMINATION
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 103
TABLE 70 AVERAGE NUMBER OF LEDS IN ILLUMINATION PRODUCTS AND AVERAGE COST,
2011-2017 104
TABLE 71 GLOBAL LED PACKAGE SHIPMENTS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS/$ MILLIONS) 104
FIGURE 14 VALUE OF GLOBAL LED PACKAGE SHIPMENTS FOR THE GENERAL
ILLUMINATION MARKET, 2011–2017 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 72 GLOBAL FORECAST OF INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN GENERAL ILLUMINATION
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 105
TABLE 73 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION
APPLICATIONS, 2011-2017 (%) 106
CHAPTER 13 APPENDIX A CORPORATE PROFILES 108
COMPANY PROFILES 108
AMERICAN BRIGHT OPTOELECTRONICS CORP. 108
AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES 108
BERGQUIST CO. 108
CITIZEN ELECTRONICS CO. LTD. 109
CREE INC. 109
DIALIGHT CORPORATION 109
D-LED ILLUMINATION TECHNOLOGIES 110
DOWA ELECTRONICS MATERIALS CO. LTD. 110
EPISTAR CORPORATION 110
FORGE EUROPA LTD. 111
GE LIGHTING SOLUTIONS 111
INTERNATIONAL LIGHT TECHNOLOGIES 112
KYM ELECTRONICS 112
LAMINA CERAMICS INC. 113
LEDTRONICS 113
NANOCRYSTALS TECHNOLOGY LTD. 113
NANOSYS INC. 114
NICHIA CORPORATION 114
OPTOTECH CORPORATION 114
OSRAM OPTO SEMICONDUCTORS 115
PERKIN ELMER 115
PHILIPS LUMILEDS LIGHTING COMPANY 115
PHILIPS COLOR KINETICS 116
QD VISION INC. 116
SAMSUNG LED CO. LTD. 117
SEOUL SEMICONDUCTOR CO. LTD. 117
SIGNCOMPLEX 117
SEIKO-EPSON CORP. 118
STANLEY ELECTRIC 118
SUNLED CORPORATION USA 119
TOYODA-GOSEI 119
TT OPTEK TECHNOLOGY 119
SHENZHEN UNI-LIGHT TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 120
VA OPTO 120
VEECO INSTRUMENTS 120
CHAPTER 14 APPENDIX B: SELECTED PATENT ABSTRACTS 122
MULTIPLE DIE LED AND LENS OPTICAL SYSTEM 122
HIGH POWER LED LAMP 122
LEDS INCLUDE TRANSPARENT OXIDE LAYERS 123
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE PACKAGE STRUCTURE 123
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE MODULE, BACKLIGHT ASSEMBLY AND DISPLAY DEVICE
HAVING THE SAME 123
LED WITH SUBSTRATE MODIFICATIONS FOR ENHANCED LIGHT EXTRACTION 124
LASER PATTERNING OF LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES 124
COMPACT OPTICAL ENGINE FOR SMALL PERSONAL PROJECTORS USING LED
ILLUMINATION 124
WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEMS USES UV LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES 125
MAKING LEDS WITH IMPROVED LIGHT EXTRACTION BY ROUGHENING 125
VEHICLE LIGHTING METHODS AND APPARATUS 125
LIST OF TABLESSUMMARY TABLE ESTIMATED GLOBAL LED LIGHTING SHIPMENTS AND MARKET SHARES,2011 ($ MILLIONS/SHARE %) 5TABLE 1 EFFICACIES OF CURRENT LIGHTING SYSTEMS (LUMENS PER WATT) 10TABLE 2 OVERALL BENEFITS OF SOLID-STATE LIGHTING 11TABLE 3 GENERAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLID-STATE LEDS 11TABLE 4 LEADING COMPANIES IN THE LED SOLID-STATE LIGHTING INDUSTRY 13TABLE 5 ESTIMATED GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF LEDS FOR SOLID-STATE LIGHTINGAPPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2011-2017 (%) 15TABLE 6 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF SOLID-STATE LEDS BY REGION, 2011-2017 (%) 16TABLE 7 MAJOR LED MAKERS BY GLOBAL MARKET SHARE, 2011 (%) 18TABLE 8 BASIC STRUCTURE OF A LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE 20TABLE 9 BASIC LED TYPES AND PACKAGES 21TABLE 10 KEY MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCING COLOR IN LEDS 23TABLE 11 COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDS 24TABLE 12 COMPARISON OF WHITE LIGHT LED TECHNOLOGIES 25TABLE 13 DESCRIPTION OF A TYPICAL INDICATOR LAMP 30TABLE 14 DESCRIPTION OF A HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LED 31TABLE 15 CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO POPULAR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LED SUBSTRATES 31TABLE 16 KEY TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES OF MOCVD 33TABLE 17 KEY TECHNICAL FEATURES OF MBE 34TABLE 18 LED MANUFACTURERS' PREFERRED FABRICATION PROCESSES* (%) 35TABLE 19 U.S. LED LIGHTING PATENTS ISSUED BETWEEN JANUARY 2010 AND APRIL 2012(NUMBER/% OF TOTAL PATENTS) 37TABLE 20 US LED LIGHTING PATENTS ISSUED BY COMPANY JANUARY 2010-APRIL 2012 39TABLE 21 CURRENT LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE PROJECTS 43TABLE 22 ANSI LED STANDARDS 47TABLE 23 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION LED STANDARDS 47TABLE 24 ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LED STANDARDS 48TABLE 25 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION LED STANDARDS 48TABLE 26 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES LED STANDARDS 49TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDS, BY INDUSTRY,THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 51TABLE 28 GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 52TABLE 29 MAJOR LED APPLICATIONS FOR AUTOMOBILES 57TABLE 30 NUMBER OF LEDS REQUIRED PER LAMP BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY 58TABLE 31 BENEFITS OF USING LEDS IN AUTO INTERIOR LIGHTING 60TABLE 32 AUTOMOTIVE LED TECHNICAL AND SAFETY FEATURES 61TABLE 33 LED SAFETY ADVANTAGES FOR AUTOS 62TABLE 34 ESTIMATED COST AND WEIGHT SAVINGS PER SIGNAL LAMP FROM USE OF ASMALLER ALTERNATOR 62TABLE 35 SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS OF AUTOMOTIVE LEDS 64TABLE 36 GLOBAL TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2011 (MILLIONUNITS) 66TABLE 37 PROJECTED GROWTH IN THE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE MARKET FOR LED LIGHTING,THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS/%) 66TABLE 38 TRENDS IN THE AVERAGE NUMBER HB-LED PACKAGES IN VEHICLES AND THEIRAVERAGE COST, 2011-2017 67TABLE 39 FORECAST OF GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS/MILLION $) 67TABLE 40 SHIPMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN AUTOMOTIVE PACKAGES, THROUGH2017 (MILLION UNITS) 68TABLE 41 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS,2011-2017 (%) 69TABLE 42 LED DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING APPLICATIONS 72TABLE 43 SUMMARY OF LED BACKLIGHTING ADVANTAGES 72TABLE 44 SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS OF DISPLAY BACKLIGHT LEDS 75TABLE 45 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF LCD MONITORS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 76TABLE 46 LED MARKET PENETRATION OF LCD MONITOR BACKLIGHTING, THROUGH 2017(MILLION UNITS/%) 76TABLE 47 TOTAL VALUE OF GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF LED BACKLIGHTS, THROUGH 2017 ($MILLIONS) 77TABLE 48 INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN LCD DISPLAY BACKLIGHTS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONUNITS) 78TABLE 49 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING,2011–2017 (%) 78TABLE 50 REPRESENTATIVE MOBILE PRODUCT APPLICATIONS FOR HB-LEDS 80TABLE 51 SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS OF MOBILE DEVICE LEDS 81TABLE 52 ADVANTAGES OF LEDS IN THE MOBILE MARKET 82TABLE 53 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MOBILE AND HANDHELD DEVICES, THROUGH2017 (MILLION UNITS) 83TABLE 54 AVERAGE NUMBER OF LEDS IN DISPLAYS FOR MOBILE DEVICES AND AVERAGECOSTS, 2011-2017 83TABLE 55 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LED UNITS USED IN MOBILE DEVICES,THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS/$ MILLIONS) 84TABLE 56 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN MOBILE DEVICES, THROUGH2017 (MILLION UNITS) 85TABLE 57 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR MOBILE DISPLAYS, 2011-2017(%) 85TABLE 58 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR HB-LEDS IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE 87TABLE 59 SAMPLE CONFIGURATION OF SIGNAL AND SIGNAGE LEDS 88TABLE 60 PROJECTED GLOBAL GROWTH OF LEDS IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE INDUSTRIES,THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 91TABLE 61 AVERAGE NUMBER OF LEDS IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE PRODUCTS ANDAVERAGE COST, THROUGH 2017 (UNITS/$) 92TABLE 62 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN SIGNALING AND SIGNAGEAPPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 93TABLE 63 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR SIGNALING AND SIGNAGEAPPLICATIONS, 2011-2017 (%) 95TABLE 64 SCOPE OF THE GENERAL ILLUMINATION MARKET 97TABLE 65 HIGHLIGHTS IN DEVELOPING LEDS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION 99TABLE 66 SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS OF GENERAL ILLUMINATION LEDS 100TABLE 67 KEY APPLICATIONS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION 101TABLE 68 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF CONVENTIONAL LAMPS FOR GENERAL LIGHTING,THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 103TABLE 69 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LEDS IN GENERAL ILLUMINATIONAPPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 103TABLE 70 AVERAGE NUMBER OF LEDS IN ILLUMINATION PRODUCTS AND AVERAGE COST,2011-2017 104TABLE 71 GLOBAL LED PACKAGE SHIPMENTS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION APPLICATIONS,THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS/$ MILLIONS) 104TABLE 72 GLOBAL FORECAST OF INDIVIDUAL LEDS USED IN GENERAL ILLUMINATIONAPPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION UNITS) 105TABLE 73 GLOBAL USE OF LED SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATIONAPPLICATIONS, 2011-2017 (%) 106
LIST OF FIGURES
SUMMARY FIGURE VALUE OF GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY, 2011 ($ MILLIONS) 5
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF LEDS BY REGION 2011-2017 (%) 15
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LEDS BY REGION, 2011–2017 (%) 16
FIGURE 3 LED GLOBAL MARKET SHARES, 2011 (%) 18
FIGURE 4 LED MANUFACTURERS' PREFERRED LED FABRICATION METHODS (%) 36
FIGURE 5 US LED LIGHTING PATENTS ISSUED BETWEEN JANUARY 2010 AND APRIL 2012 (%
OF TOTAL LED PATENTS) 37
FIGURE 6 U.S. LED-RELATED PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2006-2011 (NUMBER OF
PATENTS) 38
FIGURE 7 LEADING COMPANY SHARES OF US LED LIGHTING PATENTS ISSUED BETWEEN
JANUARY 2010 AND APRIL 2012 (% OF TOTAL LED PATENTS) 39
FIGURE 8 VALUE OF GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY, 2011-2017 (%) 51
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL LED UNIT SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY 2011-2017 (% OF TOTAL SHIPMENTS) 53
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL VALUE OF LED SHIPMENTS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY,
2011-2017 ($ MILLIONS) 67
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL VALUE OF LED SHIPMENTS FOR DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING, 2011-2017 ($
MILLIONS) 77
FIGURE 12 VALUE OF GLOBAL LED SHIPMENTS FOR THE MOBILE DEVICE MARKET,
2012–2017 ($ MILLIONS) 84
FIGURE 13 VALUE OF LED SHIPMENTS FOR SIGNALING AND SIGNAGE LEDS, 2011–2017 ($
MILLIONS) 93
FIGURE 14 VALUE OF GLOBAL LED PACKAGE SHIPMENTS FOR THE GENERAL
ILLUMINATION MARKET, 2011–2017 ($ MILLIONS) 104
To order this report:Furniture_and_Decoration Industry: Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for Lighting Applications
Nicolas Bombourg
Reportlinker
Email: [email protected]
US: (805)652-2626
Intl: +1 805-652-2626
SOURCE Reportlinker
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