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L'Ukraine a l'intention de diversifier ses importations de gaz naturel


News provided by

Worldwide News Ukraine

Apr 26, 2012, 14:37 ET

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KIEV, Ukraine, April 26, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

L'inversion des flux dans les gazoducs existants et le projet transcaspien ont été identifiés comme les principaux moyens dont l'Ukraine dispose pour diversifier ses sources d'approvisionnement en gaz. L'Ukraine importe actuellement jusqu'à 70 % de gaz naturel auprès de la Russie à un prix qui dépasse les 500 dollars américains pour mille mètres cubes. Petro Poroshenko, le ministre ukrainien du Développement économique et du Commerce, estime que la diversification des sources d'approvisionnement en gaz améliorerait la sécurité énergétique de l'Ukraine.

L'Ukraine envisage d'inverser les flux de ses gazoducs GTS, ce qui lui permettrait d'importer du gaz non seulement auprès de la Russie, mais également auprès de l'Union européenne. Naftogaz prévoirait de conclure un accord à court terme avec la société allemande RWE en vue d'un approvisionnement de gaz au comptant vendu en Europe par le biais des gazoducs slovaques.

Récemment, des représentants officiels ont annoncé les intentions de Kiev d'investir jusqu'à 790 millions d'euros dans le projet de gazoduc transcaspien. Cela permettrait à l'Ukraine de transporter du gaz naturel liquéfié depuis le port pétrolier de Kulevi en Géorgie, sur la mer Noire, dans des citernes jusqu'au terminal sud-ukrainien de GNL Yuzhny. Le gazoduc transcaspien devrait traverser l'Azerbaïdjan et la Géorgie, contournant ainsi la Russie.

M. Poroshenko a déclaré que la diversification des sources d'approvisionnement en gaz naturel renforcerait la position de l'Ukraine lors de ses négociations avec la Russie. Le prix au comptant du gaz naturel oscille entre 250 et 330 dollars américains pour mille mètres cubes, a-t-il déclaré. L'Ukraine, pour sa part, paie le gaz russe 516 dollars américains pour mille mètres cubes. Depuis 2010, Kiev reçoit une réduction de 100 dollars américains pour avoir autorisé la présence de la Flotte russe de la mer Noire en Crimée. Malgré cela, le pays doit tout de même allouer près de 27 % de ses recettes fiscales prévisionnelles de 2012 pour payer le gaz russe.

Selon les experts, le GTS de l'Ukraine reste un élément important du système européen d'approvisionnement en énergie. Jusque récemment, la Russie acheminait jusqu'à 80 % de son gaz aux consommateurs européens en transitant par l'Ukraine. Il y a seulement quelques semaines, Gazprom a demandé à l'Ukraine d'accroître sa capacité quotidienne de transit à hauteur de 17,3 millions de mètres cubes, soit environ 7 %, pour l'acheminement du gaz russe vers l'UE selon Ukrtransgas, l'opérateur public ukrainien de gazoducs et de dépôts de gaz. Cette demande est liée à des réparations temporaires sur le gazoduc russe North Stream.

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