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L'Unione Europea e il Maghreb: quale approccio un anno dopo la «primavera araba»?


News provided by

Institut Thomas More

Feb 20, 2012, 06:36 ET

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PARIS, February 20, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

Special Report | disponibile in inglese e in francese

Un anno dopo la « primavera araba», la costa sud del Mediterraneo rimane instabile e fragile. A fronte di questa nuova situazione, l'Unione Europea si trova costretta a riformulare il suo approccio nei confronti dei quest'area tenendo conto delle quattro sfide che i paesi del Maghreb dovranno affrontare.

La prima è la sfida economica e sociale. Le riforme politiche non basteranno se non verrà prestata la dovuta attenzione alle aspettative della popolazione. La questione dell'occupazione e dell'elaborazione di un nuovo modello di sviluppo devono essere al centro delle preoccupazioni dei leader di governo. Se il Marocco presenta senza dubbio la strategia più offensiva, l'economia tunisina è oggi più debole che in passato e l'Algeria conserva un'economia di rendita caratterizzata dalla chiusura della frontiera con il Marocco.

Solo il superamento di questa prima sfida permetterà di affrontare la sfida della democratizzazione. Se le rivoluzioni hanno fatto riemergere le aspirazioni al cambiamento delle popolazioni, i risultati delle elezioni hanno probabilmente sollevato numerose perplessità. Ma il principio di realtà deve essere imposto a tutti. Se l'obiettivo comune è quello di rafforzare il quadro democratico, non conviene demonizzare i nuovi leader politici, ma lavorare con loro e giudicare in base al loro operato.

Il miglioramento economico e sociale contribuirà anche a far fronte alla sfida della sicurezza. Al Qaïda, che ha cercato di far leva sulla contestazione, non ha finora ottenuto grandi successi in Maghreb. Tuttavia, sull'area incombe un altro pericolo: la crescente condizione di insicurezza nella regione del Sahel, sia in termini di radicamento di gruppi terroristici che di ripercussioni della guerra in Libia.

Non ci sarà alcun progresso senza l'imporsi di una volontà forte e pronta ad affrontare la sfida della cooperazione. La « primavera araba» dovrebbe costituire un'opportunità per prendere coscienza della necessità di conseguire l'integrazione regionale. Tuttavia, ogni passo in avanti in questa direzione rischia di essere vanificato dalla mancata risoluzione del conflitto nel Sahara occidentale, malgrado la proposta di autonomia presentata dal Marocco nel 2007, che rappresentava la soluzione più credibile e più realista. In ogni caso, l'Unione Europea può solo trarre beneficio dal sostenere iniziative volte allo sfruttamento di sempre maggiori sinergie.

Il rapporto verrà presentato a Bruxelles in occasione del Secondo Meeting sulla Sicurezza Sostenibile in Maghreb che si terrà giovedì 16 febbraio 2012. Per informazioni, consultare il sito http://www.institut-thomas-more.org e http://securitedurable.com.

Contatti : Jean-Thomas LESUEUR, delegato generale dell'Istituto Thomas More [email protected] , Tel : +33149490330

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