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Neue Molekularstrukturen stellen konventionelle Konzepte der Wirkung von Arzneimitteln an Rezeptoren in Frage
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News provided by

Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mar 30, 2015, 02:50 ET

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-- Strukturen des menschlichen P2Y1-Rezeptors bringen neue Begeisterung in die GPCR-Forschung ein

SHANGHAI, 30. März 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- Ein Team aus chinesischen und US-Wissenschaftlern hat die atomare Struktur eines Zelloberflächenrezeptors ermittelt, der eine kritische Rolle in der Ausbildung von Thrombose spielt. Diese Forschung hat unerwarteter Weise viele neue Strukturmerkmale offengelegt, die die konventionellen Konzepte der Arzneimittelwirkung an G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren (GPCR) in Frage stellen und eine neue Tür für zukünftige Arzneimittelentdeckungen öffnen.

Foto - http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20150330/195150

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In einem am 30. März in Nature veröffentlichten Papier haben die Forscher am Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Zusammenarbeit mit Forschungsgruppen an den National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA), am Bridge Institute an der University of Southern California (USA) und am iHuman Institute an der ShanghaiTech University (China), eine detaillierte Landkarte des menschlichen P2Y1-Rezeptors (P2Y1R), einem GPCR, im Komplex mit einem Nukleotidantagonisten MRS2500 und einem nicht-Nukleotidantagonisten BPTU zur Verfügung gestellt.

„Die P2Y1R-Strukturen haben uns geholfen zu verstehen, wie diese Rezeptoren und verschiedene Arten von experimentellen Medikamenten auf der molekularen Ebene miteinander interagieren und könnten eine weitere Erforschung möglich machen, um neue und sicherere antithrombotische Medikamente mit reduzierten Nebenwirkungen zu entwerfen," sagte Teamleiterin Dr. Beili Wu, Professorin am SIMM.

Die P2Y1R-Strukturen haben zwei vollständig verschiedenartige Ligand-bindende Stellen offengelegt. MRS2500 erkennt eine Bindungsstelle innerhalb des Transmembranbündels von P2Y1R; diese unterscheidet sich jedoch von der Form und Lage her von der Nukleotid-bindenden Stelle in der P2Y12R-Struktur, die zuvor im Rahmen der gleichen Zusammenarbeit ermittelt wurde. „Dieser Befund hebt die Diversität der Signalerkennungsmechanismen in G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren hervor und ist von großem Wert für die Arzneimittelgestaltung für einen jeden Rezeptor mit hoher Selektivität", sagte Dr. Wu.

Der erstaunlichste Befund ist, dass sich BPTU an eine Ausbuchtung an der äußeren Schnittstelle des Rezeptors bindet, die in die Zellmembran eingebettet ist. Dies ist der erste strukturell charakterisierte selektive und hochaffine GPCR-Ligand, der sich vollständig außerhalb des Helixbündels befindet. Dies eröffnet neue Gelegenheiten zur Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs zukünftiger GPCR-Arzneimittelentdeckungen, um auf neuartige Stellen außerhalb der konventionellen GPCR-Ligand-bindenden Ausbuchtung abzuzielen, die u. U. die Entwicklung neuer Arzneimittel zur Behandlung einer Vielzahl von Erkrankungen bewirken wird.

„Die neuen Strukturen werden es Arzneimitteldesignern gestatten, effizienter und mit größerer Präzision daran zu arbeiten, neue Moleküle zu bilden, um die Funktion dieser und anderer eng verwandter Rezeptoren zu modulieren, von denen viele das Potential zur Behandlung von Krebs und Entzündung haben", sagte Koautor Dr. Kenneth Jacobson, Senior Investigator an den NIH.

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