New Type 1 Diabetes Staging Classification Opens Door for Intervention
SEATTLE, Feb. 12, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- For most people, the onset of type 1 diabetes seems to occur suddenly, often resulting in a trip to the emergency room with life-threatening complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). TrialNet is a worldwide leader in type 1 diabetes prevention research and one of the prominent organizations working to change that scenario.
In the January 2016 issue of Diabetes Care, the JDRF, American Diabetes Association (ADA), and Endocrine Society recommended adoption of a new type 1 diabetes staging classification. This recommendation is largely based on two decades of TrialNet research involving more than 150,000 relatives of people with type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes can now be most accurately understood as a disease that progresses in three distinct stages.
Stage 1 is the start of type 1 diabetes. Individuals test positive for two or more diabetes-related autoantibodies. The immune system has already begun attacking the insulin-producing beta cells, although there are no symptoms and blood sugar remains normal.
Stage 2, like stage 1, includes individuals who have two or more diabetes-related autoantibodies, but now, blood sugar levels have become abnormal due to increasing loss of beta cells. There are still no symptoms.
For both stages 1 and 2, lifetime risk of developing type 1 diabetes approaches 100 percent.
Stage 3 is when clinical diagnosis has typically taken place. By this time, there is significant beta cell loss and individuals generally show common symptoms of type 1 diabetes, which include frequent urination, excessive thirst, weight loss, and fatigue.
The new staging classification is vital to understanding how type 1 progresses. Equally important is TrialNet's ability to diagnose the disease in its earliest stages, allowing for prompt intervention.
Clinical research supports the usefulness of diagnosing type 1 diabetes early—before beta cell loss advances to stage 3. The earlier diagnosis is made in the disease process, the sooner intervention can take place, and the more beta cells are likely to remain. More beta cells may lead to better outcomes regarding blood sugar control and reduction of long-term complications.
"TrialNet's goal is to identify the disease at its earliest stage, delay progression, and ultimately prevent it," explains TrialNet Chair Carla Greenbaum, MD. "We offer screening and clinical trials for every stage of type 1 diabetes and close monitoring for disease progression."
Both the ADA and JDRF recommend TrialNet screening for people who have relatives with type 1 diabetes. Family members have a 15 times greater risk of being diagnosed than a person with no family history. Screening is available at no charge to:
- anyone between the ages of 1 and 45 with a sibling, child or parent with type 1 diabetes.
- anyone between the ages of 1 and 20 with a sibling, child, parent, cousin, uncle, aunt, niece, nephew, grandparent, or half-sibling with type 1 diabetes.
It is recommended that children who do not test positive for diabetes-related autoantibodies continue to get rescreened every year until age 18.
TrialNet is an international network of leading academic institutions, physicians, scientists, and healthcare teams at the forefront of type 1 diabetes research. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, TrialNet offers risk screening for relatives of people with type 1 diabetes and innovative clinical studies to preserve insulin production before and after diagnosis. There are more than 200 TrialNet screening sites worldwide. Screening test kits are also available by mail. Learn more at DiabetesTrialNet.org.
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:
Dora Leonard
TrialNet Hub Communications/Outreach
Email
864-280-0148
SOURCE Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet
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