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Políticas agrícolas: La Unión Europea lo deja


News provided by

Momagri

Nov 19, 2012, 09:30 ET

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PARÍS, November 19, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

Tal y como revelan los resultados del indicador SGPA (apoyo mundial a la producción agrícola) para las cuatro potencies agrícolas mundiales principales (Brasil, China, Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea)*

Entre los años 2005 y 2010, el apoyo mundial per capita a la producción agrícola (SGPA)[1] ha aumentado de forma considerable en China, Brasil y Estados Unidos - en un 130%, 60% y 40%, respectivamente - mientras que apenas se ha mantenido en su nivel del año 2005[2] en la Unión Europea.

Si desea ver el comunicado multimedia con las tablas de cifras visite la página web:

http://www.multivu.com/mnr/58650-momagri

A pesar de las declaraciones de mantenimiento del presupuesto CAP actual, estos resultados han demostrado que Europa, desde el año 2005, ha tomado una dirección que está en conflicto que la que han tomado otras de las principales potencias del mundo, que van a salvaguardar de forma grande la seguridad alimenticia de sus personas.

En términos absolutos, el indicador 2010 SGPA sitúa a Estados Unidos en primer lugar con 163.000 millones de dólares, seguida por China con 154.000 millones de dólares, la Unión Europea con 101.000 millones de dólares y Brasil con 38.000 millones de dólares. Expresado como porcentaje del valor de producción agrícola, Estados Unidos volvió a situarse en primer lugar con un apoyo agrícola que representa el 48%, frente al 24% de la Unión Europea y de Brasil, y el 20% de China.

Pero aparte de las cifras, un analista político indicó las similitudes entre Brasil y Estados Unidos, con políticas de implementación para el apoyo de la competitividad y del estímulo de la demanda nacional:

  • En Brasil, las intervenciones de mercado directas, políticas de reserva e incentivos para el desarrollo de biocombustibles (42% del SGPA de Brasil);
  • En Estados Unidos, los pagos directos, pagos de contra-ciclos apoyados por los mecanismos de seguros y sistema ponderable de ayuda a los alimentos nacionales.

En lo que respecta a China, el gobierno está llevando a cabo una política de intervención y salvaguarda de la producción agrícola que incluye los precios mínimos garantizados (258 dólares/tonelada para el trigo y 291 dólares/tonelada para el arroz en el año 2010), apoyo a los ingresos directos, programas de protección social y ayuda de impuestos…

Por el contrario, solo la Unión Europea deja su sistema de apoyo lejos de la producción, además del criterio de ser más verde, dentro de la piedra angular de su política agrícola.

El veredicto es final: Tanto el bajo apoyo y su falta de sostenibilidad están causando que la Unión Europea lo deje, una situación problemática que podría aún empeorar con la reforma CAP prevista.

--------------------------------------------------

1. En divisas nacionales.

2. A una cifra constante de euro, el apoyo global a la producción agrícola se redujo en un 3% en la UE.

Tabla 1: Comparaciones SGPA per capita: UE, Estados Unidos, Brasil, China, 2005-2010, en las divisas nacionales.

Tabla 2: Comparación SGPA: UE, Estados Unidos, Brasil, China, 2005-2010, en miles de millones de dólares.

Tabla 3: Comparación SGPA de la producción agrícola nacional, UE, Estados Unidos, Brasil, China, 2005-2010, en %.

Todas las tablas están disponibles en http://www.multivu.com/mnr/58650-momagri 


Video: http://www.multivu.com/mnr/58650-momagri

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