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Politiche agricole: l'Unione Europea fa retromarcia


News provided by

Momagri

Nov 19, 2012, 09:35 ET

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PARIGI, November 19, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

Lo rivelano i risultati dell'indicatore SGPA (Global Support to Agricultural Production) realativo alle quattro principali potenze agricole del pianeta (Brasile, Cina, Stati Uniti e Unione Europea)*

Tra il 2005 e il 2010, il supporto globale pro capite alla produzione agricola (SGPA)[1] è significativamente aumentato in Cina, Brasile e Stati Uniti - rispettivamente, 130, 60 e 40% - mentre nell'Unione Europea ha appena mantenuto il livello raggiunto nel 2005[2].

Per visualizzare il Multimedia News Release con i grafici, fare clic qui:

http://www.multivu.com/mnr/58650-momagri

Nonostante le dichiarazioni sul mantenimento dell'attuale bilancio della PAC, questi risultati dimostrando che l'Europa, fin dal 2005, ha imboccato una direzione che confligge con quella adottata dalle altre grandi potenze mondiali, le quali, invece, investono in maniera massiccia per garantire la sicurezza alimentare alle proprie popolazioni.

In termini assoluti, l'indicatore SGPA 2010 colloca gli Stati Uniti al primo posto con 163 miliardi di dollari americani, seguiti da Cina con 154 miliardi di dollari american, Unione Europea con 101 miliardi di dollari americani, e Brasile con 38 miliardi di dollari americani.  Espresso in percentuale del valore della produzione agricola, gli Stati Uniti, ancora una volta, si attestano al primo posto nel sostegno all'agricoltura, con il 48%, contro il 24% di Unione Europea e Brasile, e il 20% della Cina.

Cifre a parte, l'analisi politica indica le analogie tra Brasile e Stati Uniti, che attuano politiche a sostegno della competitività e di incentivo alla domanda interna:

  • In Brasile, interventi diretti sul mercato, politiche sulle riserve e incentivi allo sviluppo dei biocarburanti (42% dello SGPA brasiliano);
  • Negli Stati Uniti, pagamenti diretti, pagamenti anticiclici integrati da meccanismi di assicurazione e da un consistente sistema di aiuti alimentari interni.

Per quanto riguarda la Cina, il governo sta conducendo una politica d'intervento e salvaguardia della produzione agricola, che include prezzi minimi garantiti (258 dollari americani/t per il frumento e 291 dollari americani/t per il riso, nel 2010), sostegno diretto al reddito, programmi di protezione sociale, nonché detrazioni fiscali ...

Al contrario, solo l'Unione Europea fa di un sistema di sostegno scollegato dalla produzione, in aggiunta ai criteri ambientali, la pietra miliare della propria politica agricola.

Il verdetto finale è: un sostegno minore e sua inadeguatezza stanno causando la retromarcia dell'Unione Europea, una situazione che, già di per sé preoccupante, potrebbe peggiorare con la prevista riforma della PAC.

--------------------------------------------------

1. Nelle valute nazionali.

2. A valore euro costante, il sostegno globale alla produzione agricola è diminuito del 3% nella UE.

Grafico 1: Confronto del SGPA su base pro capite: UE, USA, Brasile, Cina, 2005-2010, in valute nazionali.

Grafico 2: SGPA su base pro capite: UE, USA, Brasile, Cina, 2005-2010, in miliardi di dollari americani.

Grafico 3: confronto dei SGPA relativi alla produzione agricola nazionale, UE, USA, Brasile, Cina, 2005-2010, in %.

Tutti i grafici si trovano all'indirizzo web http://www.multivu.com/mnr/58650-momagri 


Video: http://www.multivu.com/mnr/58650-momagri

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