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Predisposizione genetica al tumore al seno: un nuovo esame diagnostico più accurato per lo screening delle mutazioni


News provided by

Genomic Vision

May 29, 2012, 06:23 ET

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PARIGI, May 29, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

Un esame diagnostico che analizza la disposizione radiale delle molecole per rilevare la predisposizione genetica ai tumori al seno e alle ovaie, dovuti ai geni BRCA1 e BRCA2, ha confermato la presenza di nuove mutazioni strutturali complesse in entrambi i suddetti geni. Il test, che è in fase di sviluppo, potrebbe essere utilizzato come un essenziale strumento complementare agli attuali metodi di screening, secondo quanto testimoniano i risultati di uno studio pubblicato nel numero di giugno della rivista Human Mutation (1).

"L'efficacia delle attuali tecniche di screening rimane limitata a causa dell'altissima proporzione di sequenze genomiche ripetute, e difficili da sequenziare nei geni BRCA1 e BRCA2. Si avverte quindi una reale necessità  di sviluppare tecnologie alternative", spiega il Dott. Maurizio Ceppi, Project Manager di Genomic Vision e coautore dello studio.

Le mutazioni ereditarie in uno dei due geni BRCA (BReast CA 1 e 2) si traducono in un rischio di tumore al seno da dieci a venti volte maggiore, e sono direttamente responsabili del 5-10% dei casi registrati ogni anno. Queste mutazioni comprendono sia piccole alterazioni, sia complesse riorganizzazioni del genoma, che sono molto più difficili da caratterizzare persino ricorrendo alle tecnologie più efficaci, come ad esempio il Sequenziamento di prossima generazione (Next-Generation Sequencing).

Il test sviluppato da Genomic Vision utilizza la tecnologia proprietaria del disposizione radiale delle molecole, scoperta congiuntamente dal suo CEO, il Dott. Aaron Bensimon, "Il valore aggiunto di questo metodo sta nel fatto che permette di identificare e caratterizzare grandi riorganizzazioni del genoma, in particolare le ripetizioni in tandem duplicate, spesso erroneamente caratterizzate da altri processi. L'esame potrebbe essere utilizzato con efficacia insieme con altre tecniche di diagnostica attuali, soprattutto nelle pazienti in cui il sequenziamento non rileva alcuna mutazione pericolosa", spiega Maurizio Ceppi.

Lo studio è stato condotto in collaborazione con il Curie Institute, un centro pilota per il trattamento delle donne con rischio elevato di tumore al seno.

Il tumore al seno colpisce il 10% della popolazione femminile. La malattia è diagnosticata ogni anno a circa 1,4 milioni di donne, e provoca 460.000 decessi.

La tecnologia basata sulla disposizione radiale delle molecole impiegata da Genomic Vision permette di condurre l'analisi strutturale e funzionale in alta risoluzione di singole molecole di DNA. Le fibre del DNA vengono allungate su dei vetrini, come se fossero "pettinate", dopodiché sono allineate in modo uniforme sull'intera superficie. È quindi possibile rilevare eventuali anomalie genetiche individuando e visualizzando direttamente geni o sequenze particolari nel genoma della paziente attraverso l'uso di marcatori genetici; questo metodo è stato sviluppato da Genomic Vision, con il nome di Genomic Morse Code.

(1) Bibliografia per la pubblicazione:

A diagnostic genetic test for the physical mapping of germline rearrangements in the susceptibility breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Cheeseman, K., Rouleau, E., Vannier, A., Thomas, A., Briaux, A., Lefol, C., Walrafen, P., Bensimon, A., Lidereau, R., Conseiller, E. and Ceppi, M. (2012), Hum. Mutat., 33: 998-1009. doi: 10.1002/humu.22060

Per leggere il documento online: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/humu.22060/abstract

Per vedere il video della presentazione: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-0NvZ5HG78

Per maggiori informazioni su Genomic Vision visitare: http://www.genomicvision.com

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