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¿Qué es la discriminación en el trabajo?

Todo tipo de discriminación laboral es ilegal


News provided by

GobiernoUSA.gov/USA.gov

May 02, 2013, 08:01 ET

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WASHINGTON, 2 de mayo de 2013 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Hay varias maneras en que un empleador puede discriminar contra usted, incluyendo negarle la oportunidad de empleo debido a su raza o pagarle menos debido a su origen nacional.

En 2012, unas 100,000 personas presentaron quejas de discriminación laboral con la Comisión para la Igualdad de Oportunidades en el Empleo (EEOC, por su sigla en inglés). A continuación el Gobierno le ofrece información sobre los principales tipos de discriminación en el trabajo y los recursos que necesita para presentar una queja.

Discriminación por raza o color

Este tipo de discriminación ocurre cuando un empleador trata a una persona negativamente debido a su raza o color de piel. Específicamente los empleadores no pueden:

  •  Negarle una oportunidad de empleo u hostigarlo debido a sus características raciales, incluyendo el color de su piel, rasgos faciales y tipo de cabello
  • Separarlo de otros empleados o no permitirle contacto con clientes cuando esto es parte de su trabajo
  • Pedirle información personal que pueda determinar su raza durante una entrevista de trabajo y utilizar dicha información para no contratarlo

Discriminación por sexo

Es ilegal discriminar contra cualquier persona por su sexo o identidad sexual. Algunos ejemplos de discriminación por sexo son:

  • Acoso sexual en el trabajo, incluyendo favores sexuales
  • Comentarios ofensivos sobre la identidad sexual de alguien
  • Trato desfavorable a mujeres embarazadas

Discriminación por discapacidad

Las leyes federales protegen a personas con discapacidades de tratos desfavorables en el trabajo. Esto incluye empleados que tienen familiares con discapacidades. Cuando se trata de la discriminación por discapacidad los empleadores:

  • No le pueden preguntar si padece de alguna discapacidad física o mental; solo le pueden preguntar si tiene la capacidad de realizar un trabajo específico
  • Deben realizar acomodos razonables a las instalaciones conforme las necesidades de los empleados con discapacidades

Discriminación por edad

La ley protege tanto a empleados como a solicitantes de empleo de 40 años o más contra la discriminación por edad. Las empresas, por ejemplo:

  • No pueden incluir preferencias o limitaciones de edad en los anuncios de empleo
  • Pueden preguntarle su edad al momento de una entrevista siempre y cuando esta información sea utilizada con un fin legal y no discriminatorio

Discriminación por origen nacional

Las personas que provienen de otros países con autorización de trabajar en Estados Unidos tienen los mismos derechos y oportunidades de trabajo que cualquier otra persona. Los empleadores no pueden:

  • Contratar, suspender o despedirlo debido a su origen nacional
  • Tratarlo desfavorablemente por su acento o habilidad de hablar inglés
  • Obligarlo a hablar inglés en el trabajo, al menos de que sea por razones no discriminatorias

La EEOC tiene una lista completa de todos los tipos de discriminación en el trabajo. Conozca más sobre cómo presentar una queja de discriminación de trabajo. Típicamente tiene 180 días para presentar una queja, pero este plazo puede alargarse dependiendo de las leyes locales y estatales.

Para aprender más sobre temas de trabajo consulte GobiernoUSA.gov, el portal oficial del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos en español, que forma parte de la Administración General de Servicios (GSA) de EE. UU.

FUENTE  GobiernoUSA.gov/USA.gov

FUENTE GobiernoUSA.gov/USA.gov

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