Reportlinker Adds Molecular Diagnostics - Technologies, Markets and Companies
NEW YORK, June 3 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:
Molecular Diagnostics - Technologies, Markets and Companies
http://www.reportlinker.com/p0203544/Molecular-Diagnostics---Technologies-Markets-and-Companies.html
Benefits of this report
* This report has evolved during the past 15 years, profiting from feedback by numerous readers and experts.
* The most comprehensive and up-to-date one-stop source of information on technical and commercial aspects of molecular diagnostics.
* Includes profiles of 291 companies, the largest number in any report on this topic.
* 500 references, cited in the report are included in the bibliography.
* The text is supplemented by 92 tables and 15 figures.
Who should read this report?
* Chief executive officers of molecular diagnostic companies.
* Business development executives of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.
* Executives of companies involved in developing integration of diagnosis and treatment as well as those interested in personalized medicine.
* Officers of genomic and proteomic companies interested in diagnostic technologies.
* Research scientists involved in application of molecular diagnostic technologies.
* Planners of healthcare services.
Summary
This report describes and evaluates the molecular diagnostics technologies that will play an important role in practice of medicine, public health, pharmaceutical industry, forensics and biological warfare in the 21st century. This includes several polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technologies, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), peptide nucleic acids (PNA), electrochemical detection of DNA, biochips, nanotechnology and proteomic technologies.
Initial applications of molecular diagnostics were mostly for infections but are now increasing in the areas of genetic disorders, preimplantation screening and cancer. Genetic screening tests, despite some restrictions is a promising area for future expansion of in vitro diagnostic market. Molecular diagnostics is being combined with therapeutics and forms an important component of integrated healthcare. Molecular diagnostic technologies are also involved in development of personalized medicine based on pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Currently, there has been a considerable interest in developing rapid diagnostic methods for point-of-care and biowarfare agents such as anthrax.
The number of companies involved in molecular diagnostics has increased remarkably during the past few years. More than 500 companies have been identified to be involved in developing molecular diagnostics and 291 of these are profiled in the report along with tabulation of 648 collaborations. Despite the strict regulation, most of the development in molecular diagnostics has taken place in the United States, which has the largest number of companies.
The markets for molecular diagnostics technologies are difficult to estimate. Molecular diagnostics markets overlap with markets for non-molecular diagnostic technologies in the in vitro diagnostic market and are less well defined than those for pharmaceuticals. Molecular diagnostic markets are analyzed for 2009 according to technologies, applications and geographical regions. Forecasts are made up to 2019. A major portion of the molecular diagnostic market can be attributed to advances in genomics and proteomics. Biochip and nanobiotechnology are expected to make a significant contribution to the growth of molecular diagnostics.
This report was first published as DNA Diagnostics in 1995 by PJB Publications, UK. It was updated in 1997 as Molecular Diagnostics and the next edition, Molecular Diagnostics II, was published by Decision Resources Inc in 1999. All the three versions of the reports were well accepted and sold widely. The report has been rewritten several times since then.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
0. Executive Summary 21
1. Introduction 23
Definitions and scope of the subject 23
Historical evolution of molecular diagnostics 23
Molecular biology relevant to molecular diagnostics 24
DNA 24
DNA polymerases 24
Restriction endonucleases 25
DNA methylation 25
RNA 26
RNA polymerases 26
Non-coding RNAs 26
DNA transcription 27
Chromosomes 27
Telomeres 28
Mitochondrial DNA 28
Genes 29
The genetic code 29
Gene expression 29
The human genome 30
Variations in the human genome 30
Variations in DNA sequences 30
Single nucleotide polymorphisms 31
Genotype and haplotypes 31
Complex chromosomal rearrangements 31
Insertions and deletions in the human genome 31
Large scale variation in human genome 32
Variation in copy number in the human genome 33
Structural variations in the human genome 34
Replication of the DNA helix 34
Proteins 35
Proteomics 35
Monoclonal antibodies 36
Aptamers 36
Basics of molecular diagnostics 36
Tracking DNA: the Southern blot 36
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 37
DNA Probes 37
The polymerase chain reaction 38
Basic Principles of PCR 38
Target selection 38
Detection of amplified DNA 38
Impact of human genome project on molecular diagnostics 39
Mapping and sequencing of structural variation from human genomes 39
1000 Genomes Project 40
Human Variome Project 41
Systems biology approach to molecular diagnostics 41
Biomarkers 42
Applications of molecular diagnostics 42
2. Molecular Diagnostic Technologies 45
Introduction 45
DNA extraction 45
Transrenal DNA 45
Sample preparation 46
Pressure Cycling Technology 46
Membrane immobilization of nucleic acids 46
Automation of sample preparation in molecular diagnostics 47
ABI PRISM 6700 Automated Nucleic Acid Workstation 47
BioRobot technology 47
COBAS AmpliPrep System 47
GENESIS FE500 Workcell 47
GeneMole 48
PCR BioCube 48
QIAsymphony 48
Tigris instrument system 48
Techniques for sample preparation that are suitable for automation 49
Xtra Amp Genomic DNA Extraction 49
Extraction of DNA from paraffin sections 49
Dynabead technology 49
Pressure Cycling Technology 50
SamPrep 50
Use of magnetic particles for automation in genome analysis 50
Companies involved in nucleic acid isolation 51
Novel PCR methods 52
Addressing limitations of PCR 52
Real-time PCR systems 52
Dyes used in real-time PCR 53
Commercially available real-time PCR systems 54
LightCycler PCR system 54
LightUp probes based on real-time PCR 55
READ™ real-time PCR 55
Applications of real-time PCR 55
Limitations of real-time PCR 56
Improving the reliability of low level DNA analysis by real-time PCR 56
Guidelines for real-time quantitative PCR 56
Future applications of real-time Q-PCR 57
Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR 57
Standardized reverse transcriptase PCR 58
Single cell PCR 58
LATE-PCR 58
COLD-PCR 59
AmpliGrid-System 60
Digital PCR 60
Emulsion PCR 61
Long and accurate PCR 61
Combined PCR-ELISA 61
Monitoring of gene amplification in molecular diagnostics 62
Non-PCR nucleic acid amplification methods 62
Linked Linear Amplification 62
Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification 63
Transcription mediated amplification 63
Rapid analysis of gene expression 63
WAVE nucleic acid fragment analysis system 63
DNA probes with conjugated minor groove binder 64
Rolling circle amplification technology 64
Gene-based diagnostics through RCAT 66
RCAT-immunodiagnostics 66
RCAT-pharmacogenomics 67
Circle-to-circle amplification 67
Ramification amplification method 67
Single Primer Isothermal Amplification 68
Isothermal reaction for amplification of oligonucleotides 68
ICAN (Isothermal and Chimeric primer-initiated Amplification of Nucleic Acids) 68
Technologies for signal amplification 69
3 DNA dendrimer signal amplification 69
Hybridization signal amplification method 70
Signal mediated amplification of RNA technology 71
Invader assays 71
Hybrid Capture technology 72
Branched DNA test 73
Tyramide signal amplification 74
Non-enzymatic signal amplification technologies 74
Direct molecular analysis without amplification 75
Trilogy™ Platform 75
Direct detection of dsDNA 76
Multiplex assays 76
Fluorescent in situ hybridization 76
Modifications of FISH 78
Direct visual in situ hybridization 78
Direct labeled Satellite FISH probes 79
Comparative genomic hybridization 79
Primed in situ labeling 79
Interphase FISH 80
FISH with telomere-specific probes 80
Multicolor FISH 80
Automation of FISH 81
Companies involved in FISH diagnostics 81
RNA diagnostics 82
Branched-chain DNA assay for measurement of RNA 83
Cycling probe technology 84
Invader RNA assays 84
Linear RNA amplification 84
Non-isotopic RNase cleavage assay 85
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification 85
Q Beta replicase system 87
Solid Phase Transcription Chain Reaction 87
Transcriptome analysis 87
Visualization of mRNA expression in vivo 88
MicroRNA diagnostics 88
Real-time PCR for expression profiling of miRNAs 88
Microarray vs quantitative PCR foro measuring miRNAs 89
Use of LNA to explore miRNA 89
Nuclease Protection Assay to measure miRNA expression 90
Microarrays for analysis of miRNA gene expression 90
Modification of in situ hybridization for detection of miRNAs 91
Whole genome amplification 91
Companies that provide technologies for whole genome amplification 91
QIAGEN's Repli-G system 92
GenomePlex? Whole Genome Amplification 92
DNA sequencing 93
Companies involved in sequencing 94
Applications of next generation sequencing in molecular diagnostics 95
Genome-wide approach for chromatin mapping 95
Mitochondrial sequencing 96
Identification of unknown DNA sequences 96
Optical mapping 96
Gene expression analysis 97
Gene expression profiling on whole blood samples 98
Gene expression patterns of white blood cells 98
Gene expression profiling based on alternative RNA splicing 99
MAUI (MicroArray User Interface) hybridization 99
Monitoring in vivo gene expression by molecular imaging 99
Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) 100
Single-cell gene expression analysis 100
T cell receptor expression analysis 100
Tangerine™ expression profiling 101
Whole genome expression array 101
Ziplex™ system 102
Companies involved in gene expression analysis 102
Peptide nucleic acid technology 103
Use of PNA with fluorescence in situ hybridization 103
PNA and PCR 104
Use of PNA with biosensors 105
PNA-based PD-loop technology 105
PNA-DNA hybrid quadruplexes 105
Companies involved in PNA diagnostics 106
Locked nucleic acids 106
Zip Nucleic Acids 107
Electrochemical detection of DNA 107
Mediated nucleic acid oxidation 108
Detection of hybridized nucleic acid with cyclic voltametry 108
Electrochemical detection based on Toshiba's CMOS technology 109
Concluding remarks on electrochemical DNA detection 109
Bead-based assay platforms 109
Scorpions™ technology 110
The Scorpions reaction 110
Applications of Scorpions 111
3. Biochips, Biosensors, and Molecular Labels 113
Introduction to biochip technology 113
Applications of biochips in diagnostics 113
GeneChip 114
GeneChip Human Genome Arrays 115
AmpliChip CYP450 115
Electronic detection of nucleic acids on microarrays 115
Microchip capillary electrophoresis 116
Strand displacement amplification on a biochip 116
Rolling circle amplification on microarrays 116
LiquiChip-RCAT 116
Fast PCR biochip 117
Multiplex microarray-enhanced PCR for DNA analysis 117
Multiplexed Molecular Profiling 117
Universal DNA microarray combining PCR and ligase detection reaction 118
Genomewide association scans 118
Whole genome chips/microarrays 119
Transposon insertion site profiling chip 119
Standardizing the microarrays 120
Companies involved in developing biochip technology for diagnostics 120
Future of biochip technology for molecular diagnostics 121
Microfluidic chips 122
Fish-on-chip 122
Lab-on-a-chip 122
LabCD 123
Micronics' microfluidic technology 123
Microfluidic automated DNA analysis using PCR 123
Microfluidic chips integrated with RCAT 123
Microfluidic chips integrated with PET 124
Companies developing microfluidic technologies 124
Biosensor technologies 125
Classification of biosensor technologies 126
DNA-based biosensors 126
DNA hybridization biosensor chips 127
PCR-free DNA biosensor 127
DNA based biosensor to detects metallic ions 127
Genetically engineered B lymphocytes 127
Biosensors immunoassays 128
PNA (peptide nucleic acid)-based biosensors 128
Protein-based biosensors 128
Antibody biosensors 128
Cell-based biosensors (cytosensors) 129
Multicell biosensors 129
Microbial biosensors 130
Optical biosensors 130
Surface plasmon resonance technology 130
Label-free optical biosensor 131
Microsensors using with nano/microelectronic communications technology 131
Electrochemical sensors 132
Enzyme electrodes for biosensing 132
Conductometric sensors 132
Electrochemical genosensors 132
Electrochemical nanobiosensor 133
Bioelectronic sensors 133
Phototransistor biochip biosensor 134
Ribozyme-based sensors 134
RiboReporters 134
Concluding remarks and future prospects of biosensor technology 135
Companies developing biosensors for molecular diagnostics 136
Molecular labels and detection 137
Detection technologies for molecular labels 137
Fluorescence and chemiluminescence 138
Fluorescence technologies for label detection 138
Companies with fluorescence and chemiluminescence products 139
Molecular beacons 140
The Green fluorescent protein 141
Multiophoton detection radioimmunoassay 141
Multi-pixel photon counter 142
Enzyme labels and detection by fluorescence 142
Phase-sensitive flow cytometry 142
Microtransponder-based DNA diagnostics 143
Laboratory Multiple Analyte Profile 144
Multiple labels 144
Protein-DNA chimeras for detection of small numbers of molecules 145
Single molecule detection 145
Atomic force microscopy 145
Capillary electrophoresis 145
Confocal laser scanning 145
Spectrally resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy 146
Molecular imaging 146
Basic research in molecular imaging 147
Devices for molecular imaging 147
Molecular imaging in clinical practice 147
Challenges and future prospects of molecular imaging 148
Companies involved in molecular imaging 148
Nanobiotechnology for molecular diagnostics 148
Magnetic nanoparticles 149
Gold nanoparticles 150
Quantum dot technology 150
Nanotechnology on a chip 152
Nanogen's NanoChip 152
Fullerene photodetectors for chemiluminescence detection on microfluidic chip 152
Diagnostics based on nanopore technology 153
Nanosensors 153
Detection of cocaine molecules by nanoparticle-labeled aptasensors 153
Nanosensors for glucose monitoring 154
PEBBLE nanosensors 154
Quartz nanobalance biosensor 154
Cantilever arrays 154
Resonance Light Scattering technology 155
DNA nanomachines for molecular diagnostics 156
Nanobarcodes technology for molecular diagnostics 156
Qdot nanobarcode for multiplexed gene expression profiling 156
Role of nanobiotechnology in improving molecular diagnostics 157
Companies involved in nanomolecular diagnostics 157
Concluding remarks about nanodiagnostics 160
Future prospects of nanodiagnostics 160
4. Proteomic Technologies for Molecular Diagnostics 163
Introduction 163
Proteomic technologies 163
Biomarkers of disease 163
Proteomic tools for biomarkers 163
Search for biomarkers in body fluids 164
Captamers with proximity extension assay for proteins 164
Cyclical amplification of proteins 164
Detection of misfolded proteins by ELISA with exponential signal amplification 165
Diagnostics based on designed repeat proteins 165
Differential Peptide Display 165
Light-switching excimer probes 166
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry 166
Molecular beacon aptamer 167
Molecular beacon assay 167
Proteomic patterns 167
Real-time PCR for protein quantification 169
Protein biochip technologies 169
ProteinChip 170
LabChip for protein analysis 171
TRINECTIN proteome chip 171
Protein chips for antigen-antibody interactions molecular diagnostics 171
Microfluidic devices for proteomics-based diagnostics 172
Nanotechnology-based protein biochips/microarrays 172
Nanoparticle protein chip 172
Protein nanobiochip 172
Protein biochips based on fluorescence planar wave guide technology 173
New developments in protein chips/microarrays 173
Antibody microarrays 174
Aptamer-based protein biochip 174
Multiplexed Protein Profiling on Microarrays 174
Proteomic pattern analysis 175
Single molecule array 175
Viral protein chip 175
Commercial development of protein chips for molecular diagnostics 176
Proteome Identification Kit 177
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) 177
LCM technology 177
Applications of LCM in molecular diagnostics 178
Proteomic diagnosis of CNS disorders 178
Cerebrospinal fluids tests based on proteomics 178
Urine tests for CNS disorders based on proteins in urine 179
Diagnosis of CNS disorders by examination of proteins in the blood 179
Diagnosis of CNS disorders by examination of proteins in tears 180
Role of proteomics in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease 181
Role of proteomics in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 181
Future prospects of use of proteomics for diagnosis of CNS disorders 181
Concluding remarks on the use of proteomics in diagnostics 181
5. Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders 183
Introduction 183
Cytogenetics 184
FISH with probes to the telomeres 184
Single copy FISH probes 184
Comparative genomic hybridization 185
Use of biochips in genetic disorders 185
Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis 186
SignatureChip®-based diagnostics for cytogenetic abnormalities 186
Diagnosis of genomic rearrangements by multiplex PCR 186
Quantitative fluorescent PCR 186
Mutation detection technologies 187
PCR-based methods for mutation detection 188
Cleavase Fragment Length Polymorphism 188
Direct dideoxy DNA sequencing 188
Digital Genetic Analysis (DGA) 188
Fluorescence-based directed termination PCR 189
Heteroduplex analysis 189
Restriction fragment length polymorphism 190
Single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis 190
TaqMan real-time PCR 191
Non-PCR methods for mutation detection 191
Arrayed primer extension 191
BEAMing (beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics) 191
ELISA-protein truncation test 192
Enzymatic mutation detection 192
Specific anchor nucleotide incorporation 192
Conversion analysis for mutation detection 193
Biochip technologies for mutation detection 193
Combination of FISH and gene chips 193
Haplotype Specific Extraction 194
Technologies for SNP analysis 194
DNA sequencing 195
Electrochemical DNA probes 196
Use of NanoChip for detection of SNPs 196
Single base extension-tag array 196
Laboratory Multiple Analyte Profile 196
SNP genotyping with gold nanoparticle probes 197
PCR-CTPP (confronting two-pair primers) 197
Peptide nucleic acid probes for SNP detection 197
SNP genotyping on a genome-wide amplified DOP-PCR template 198
Pyrosequencing 198
Reversed enzyme activity DNA interrogation test 199
Smart amplification process version 2 199
Zinc finger proteins 200
UCAN method (Takara Biomedical) 200
Biochip and microarray-based detection of SNPs 200
SNP genotyping by MassARRAY 200
Electronic dot blot assay 200
Biochip combining BeadArray and ZipCode technologies 201
SNP-IT primer-extension technology 201
OmniScan SNP genotyping 202
Affymetrix SNP genotyping array 202
Concluding remarks on SNP genotyping 202
Limitations of SNP in genetic testing 202
Haplotyping versus SNP genotyping 203
Companies involved in developing technologies/products for SNP analysis 203
Role of copy number variations in genetic diagnostic testing 204
CNVs in various diseases 205
CNVs in genetic epilepsy syndromes 205
CNVs associated with schizophrenia 205
CNVs associated with autism 205
Methods for determination of CNVs 206
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium CNV typing array 206
Study of rare variants in pinpointing disease-causing genes 207
Prenatal DNA diagnosis 207
Amniocentesis 208
Chorionic villus sampling 208
Separating fetal cells in maternal blood for genetic diagnosis 208
Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome 208
Fetal DNA in maternal blood 209
Molecular methods for prenatal diagnosis 210
aCGH for prenatal diagnosis 210
BAC HD Scan test 210
FISH for prenatal diagnosis 210
PCR for prenatal diagnosis 210
Plasma DNA sequencing to detect fetal chromosomal aneuploidies 211
In vivo gene expression analysis of the living human fetus 211
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases 212
Digital relative mutation dosage 212
Massively parallel plasma DNA sequencing 212
Applications of prenatal diagnosis 212
Diagnosis of congenital infections 213
Diagnosis of eclampsia 214
Use of transrenal DNA for prenatal testing 214
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 214
Technologies for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) 215
PCR for preimplantation genetic diagnosis 215
FISH for preimplantation genetic diagnosis 215
Microarrays for preimplantation genetic diagnosis 216
Conditions detected by preimplantation genetic diagnosis 216
The future of preimplantation genetic diagnosis 216
Companies involved in prenatal/preimplantation diagnosis 217
Cystic fibrosis 218
Detection of CFTR gene mutations 218
CFTR technologies of various companies 219
Genzyme's CF gene sequencing 220
CF Plus? Tag-It Cystic Fibrosis Kit 220
Asuragen's bead array test 220
The Ambry CF Test 221
Biochip for CF diagnosis 221
Identification of CF variants by PCR/Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay 221
SensiGene (SEQUENOM) CF carrier screening test 222
Serum proteomic signature for CF using antibody microarrays 222
Guidelines for genetic screening for CF 222
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 222
Primary immunodeficiencies 223
Hematological disorders 224
Hemoglobinopathies 224
Sickle cell anemia 224
Thalassemia 225
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 225
Hemophilia 225
Hereditary hemochromatosis 226
Polycystic kidney disease 226
Hereditary metabolic disorders 226
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome 226
Gaucher's Disease 227
Acute Intermittent Porphyria 227
Phenylketonuria 227
Hereditary periodic fever 228
Achondroplasia 228
Molecular diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders 228
Coronary Heart Disease 229
Cardiomyopathy 230
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 230
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy 230
Cardiac Arrhythmias 231
Long Q-T Syndrome 231
Familial atrial fibrillation 231
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation 231
Congestive heart failure 232
Hypertension 232
Disturbances of blood lipids 232
Familial dyslipoproteinemias 232
Hypercholesterolemia 233
Thrombotic disorders 233
Factor V Leiden mutation 233
Pulmonary embolism 234
Molecular diagnosis of eye diseases 234
Molecular diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa 234
Genetic screening for glaucoma 235
Role of molecular diagnostics in rheumatoid arthritis 235
Molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders 236
Alzheimer's disease 237
Charcot-Marie Tooth disease 238
Down syndrome 238
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy 239
eNOS gene polymorphisms as predictor of cerebral aneurysm rupture 239
Fragile X syndrome 240
Huntington disease 240
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies 241
Mitochondrial disorders affecting the nervous system 241
Parkinson's disease 242
Pompe's disease 243
Spinal muscular atrophy 243
Triple repeat disorders 243
Genetic testing for disease predisposition 243
Direct-to-consumer genetic tests 244
6. Molecular Diagnosis of Infections 247
Introduction 247
Molecular techniques for the diagnosis of infections 247
Antibody-enhanced microplate hybridization assays 248
Bacteriophage-based methods for detection of bacteria 248
Biosensors for detection of microorganisms 249
Ibis T5000™ Biosensor System 249
DNA enzyme immunoassay 249
DNA biochip/microarray in diagnosis of infections 249
DNA-based typing methods 250
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis 250
Ribotyping 251
Random amplified polymorphic DNA 251
Combinatorial DNA melting assay 251
Electrochemical detection of pathogens 251
Ligase chain reaction 252
Mass spectrometry for microbial identification 252
Metagenomic pyrosequencing 252
Multiplex PCR for detection of infections 253
LightCycler® SeptiFast Test 254
VYOO® Sepsis Test 254
Dual priming oligonucleotide for multiplex PCR 254
NASBA for detection of microorganisms 255
Nucleic acid probes 255
Neutrophil CD11b expression as a diagnostic marker 255
Optical Mapping 256
PNA-FISH for diagnosis of infections 256
Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR for bacterial diagnostics 256
Rupture event scanning 257
Real-time single-molecule imaging of virus particles 257
Single-strand conformational polymorphism 257
SmartGene platform for identifying pathogens based on genetic sequences 257
Tessera array technology 257
Applications, advantages and limitations of molecular diagnostics 258
Molecular diagnostics versus other microbial detection technologies 258
Advantages of nucleic acid-based diagnostics in infections 258
Drawbacks of nucleic acid-based diagnostics in infections 259
Nanotechnology for detection of infectious agents 259
Bacterial and fungal infections 260
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 262
Conventional diagnosis of tuberculosis 262
Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptible Assay for tuberculosis 262
Molecular diagnostics for tuberculosis 263
Combined tuberculin testing and ELISpotPLUS assay 264
Biomarkers for tuberculosis 265
Diagnosis of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis infection 265
Cost-effectiveness of PCR in tuberculosis screening 266
Other mycobacteria 266
Chlamydial infections 266
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 268
Bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis 268
Streptococcal infections 268
Group B Streptococci 268
Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae 269
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 269
Helicobacter pylori 270
Lyme disease 270
Mycoplasmas 271
Fungal infections 271
Viral infections 272
HIV/AIDS 273
Diagnosis of HIV 273
Neonatal screening of infants of HIV-positive mothers 274
Screening of cadaveric tissue donors 274
Detection of HIV provirus 274
Resolution of indeterminate Western blot 274
Global Surveillance of HIV-1 genetic variations 275
Genotyping for drug-resistance in HIV 275
Phenotyping as predictor of drug susceptibility/resistance in HIV 276
Tests used for quantification of HIV 277
Conclusions about HIV genotyping 277
Hepatitis viruses 278
Hepatitis A virus 278
Hepatitis B virus 279
Hepatitis C virus 279
Detection and quantification of HCV RNA 280
Quantification of HCV RNA levels as a guide to antiviral therapy 281
Electrochemical DNA chip for diagnosis of HCV 281
HCV Genotyping as a guide to therapy 281
Enteroviruses 282
Adenoviruses 283
Rhinoviruses 283
Herpes viruses 283
Herpes simplex virus 283
Genital and neonatal herpes simplex 284
Human cytomegalovirus infections 284
Epstein-Barr virus 284
Human papilloma virus 285
Molecular diagnostics for HPV 285
Detection of encephalitis viruses 286
West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis 286
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus 287
Protozoal infections 287
Amebiasis 287
Cryptosporidium parvum 287
Malaria 287
Neurocysticercosis 288
Pneumocystis carinii 288
Toxoplasmosis 289
Infections of various systems 289
CNS infections 289
Molecular diagnosis in bacterial meningitis 289
Molecular diagnosis in herpes simplex encephalitis 289
Diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies 290
Molecular diagnosis of respiratory viruses 291
SARS-associated coronavirus 291
Influenza viruses 293
Avian influenza 294
H1N1 influenza 298
Gastrointestinal infections 300
Periodontal infections 301
Diagnosis of urinary infections by a biosensor 302
Role of molecular diagnostics in septicemia 302
Limitations and needs of diagnostics for infections 303
Differentiation between live and antibiotic-killed bacteria 304
Cell-based methods for identifying pathogenic microorganisms 304
Cell-based virus assays 304
Cell-based detection of host response to infection 304
Role of molecular diagnostics in hospital acquired infections 305
Detection of hospital-acquired bacterial infections 305
Detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus 305
Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci 306
Detection of hospital-acquired C. difficile 306
Bacterial genome sequencing in antimicrobial resistance 307
Detection of hospital-acquired viral infections 307
Molecular diagnosis of BK virus 307
Diagnosis of hospital-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis 308
Molecular diagnostics and the microbiome 308
Human Microbiome Project 308
Application of metagenomics to study of the microbiome 309
MicroBiome Analysis Center 309
Concluding remarks and future prospects of diagnosis of infections 310
Rapid point-of-care diagnosis of infection 310
Diagnosis of viruses using protein fingerprinting 312
QIAplex PCR multiplex technology 313
Companies involved in molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases 313
7. Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer 317
Introduction 317
Cancer genomics 317
Cancer genes 318
Oncogenes 318
Tumor Suppressor Genes 318
p53 319
p16 320
CNVs in cancer 320
Viruses and cancer 321
Detecting viral agents in cancer 321
Conventional cancer diagnosis 322
Molecular techniques for cancer diagnosis 323
Genome analysis at the molecular level 324
Mutation detection at molecular level 325
Expression profiling of tumor cells sorted by flow cytometry 325
MicroRNA expression profiling for cancer diagnostics 325
Biomarkers in cancer 326
Circulating nucleosomes in serum of cancer patients 327
Detection of DNA methylation 327
eTag assay system for cancer biomarkers 329
HAAH as a biomarker for cancer 329
LigAmp for detection of gene mutations in cancer 330
Mitochondrial DNA as a cancer biomarker 330
Oncoproteins as biomarkers for cancer 330
Sequencing-based approaches for detection of cancer biomarkers 331
Molecular fingerprinting of cancer 331
Fluorescent in situ hybridization 332
Genetic analysis of cancer 332
Comparative genomic hybridization in cancer diagnostics 332
Loss of heterozygosity 333
Digital karyotyping 333
Gene expression profiles predict chromosomal instability in tumors 333
PCR Techniques 334
Realtime quantitative PCR for diagnosis of cancer 334
Cold-PCR 335
Antibody-based diagnosis of cancer 335
Monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of cancer 335
Recombinant antibodies as a novel approach to cancer diagnosis 335
Combined immunological and nucleic acid tests 336
Combination of MAbs and RT-PCR 336
Immunobead RT-PCR 336
Assays for determining susceptibility to cancer 336
Gene expression profiling in cancer 336
Microarrays for gene expression profiling in cancer 337
Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) 337
DNA tags for finding genes expressed in cancer 338
Suppression subtractive hybridization 338
Measurement of telomerase activity 338
Detection of cancer cells in blood of patients with solid tumors 339
Epithelial aggregate separation and isolation 340
Proteomic technologies for the molecular diagnosis of cancer 341
Proteomic technologies for tumor biomarkers 341
Affibodies as contrast agents for imaging in cancer 341
Aptamer-based technology for protein signatures of cancer cells 342
Aptamers for combined diagnosis and therapeutics of cancer 342
Automated image analysis of nuclear protein distribution 343
Laser capture microdissection in oncology 343
Layered expression scanning 344
Membrane-type serine protease-1 344
Survivin and molecular diagnosis of cancer 344
Biochip/microarrays for cancer diagnosis 344
Role of DNA microarrays in gene expression profiling 345
Biochip detection of FHIT gene 346
Nanobiotechnology for early detection of cancer 346
Detection of nanoparticle self assembly in tumors by MRI 346
Differentiation between normal and cancer cells by nanosensors 346
Magnetic nanoparticle probes 347
Quantum dots for early detection of cancer 347
Molecular imaging of cancer 348
In vivo tumor illumination by adenoviral-GFP 348
PET for in vivo molecular diagnosis of cancer 348
Xenon-enhanced MRI 349
Optical systems for in vivo molecular imaging of cancer 349
Detection of micrometastases 349
Molecular diagnosis of cancers of various organs 350
Brain tumors 350
Molecular diagnostic methods for brain tumors 350
Glioblastoma multiforme 351
Circulating microvesicles as biomarkers of glioblastoma 351
Combination of neuroimaging and DNA microarray analysis in GBM 351
Medulloblastoma 352
Multigene predictor of outcome in GBM 352
Oligodendroglioma 352
Advantages and limitations of molecular diagnosis of brain tumors 353
Breast cancer 353
Breast cancer genes 354
Circulating nucleic acid biomarkers of breast cancer 355
Molecular diagnostic tests for breast cancer 355
Mouse ESC-based assays to evaluate mutations in BRCA2 357
Genomic profiles of breast cancer 358
Role of molecular diagnostics in management of breast cancer 359
Tests for prognosis of breast cancer 363
Prediction of recurrence in breast cancer for personalizing therapy 364
Cervical cancer 366
Colorectal cancer 367
Detection of familial adenomatous polyposis coli 367
Detection of CRC at precancerous state 367
Detection of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer 367
Diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer 368
Diagnosis of colorectal cancer from DNA in stools 368
Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer from blood samples 369
Guanylyl cyclase C tests for colorectal cancer 369
Minimally invasive screening for colorectal cancer 369
Gastric cancer 370
Head and neck cancer 370
Nanobiochip sensor technique for analysis of oral cancer biomarkers 370
ProteinChip for diagnosis of head and neck cancer 371
Hematological malignancies 371
Chromosome translocations 371
Flow cytometry in diagnosis of leukemia 371
Gene chip technology 371
Laboratory assessment of leukemia 372
Molecular probes 373
Minimal residual disease 373
Screening of gene mutations in chronic myeloproliferative diseases 374
Lung cancer 374
Melanoma 376
Ovarian cancer 376
Mutation of genes 377
Relevance of genetic testing to management of ovarian cancer 377
Serum biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer 378
Biomarkers of ovarian cancer 378
Concluding remarks on testing for ovarian cancer 378
Pancreatic cancer 379
Prostate cancer 379
Early detection of prostate cancer recurrence by nanotechnology 380
Gene expression analysis of prostate cancer 380
Huntingtin Interacting Protein 1 380
Integrative genomic and proteomic profiling of prostate cancer 381
LCM for diagnosis of prostate cancer 381
PCA3 gene detection in urine 381
PCR assay for assessing silencing of protein cadherin 13 gene 382
Prostate biopsy for detection of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia 382
Screening of multiple SNPs for risk of prostate cancer 383
Semen testing for prostate cancer biomarkers 383
Serum-protein fingerprint
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US: (805)652-2626 |
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Intl: +1 805-652-2626 |
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SOURCE Reportlinker
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