Reportlinker Adds Powder Metallurgy: Technologies and Global Markets

NEW YORK, Sept. 23 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Powder Metallurgy: Technologies and Global Markets

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0298001/Powder-Metallurgy-Technologies-and-Global-Markets.html

BCC projects that value of powder shipments will resume growth in 2010 at a 3.9% compound annual growth rate (CAGR), from $4.6 billion in 2009 to $4.7 billion in 2010. From 2010 to 2015, this segment will increase at a 6.8% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to a value of $6.6 billion.

The part base will grow from a low of nearly $9.7 billion in 2009 to more than $10 billion in 2010. From 2010 to 2015 this segment will increase at a 6.8% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach a value of $13.9 billion in 2015.

Individual powders and parts will also pick up in 2010.  Iron and steel powders will grow at a 3.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and parts made from them will also rise by 3.5%.  Through 2015, we expect to see iron and steel powder growth of 5.1% CAGR as the auto and other industries resume higher growth rates.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOAL OBJECTIVES 

The objective of this study is to present an analysis of the global powder metallurgy market. Our goal was to determine the current status of powder metallurgy (PM) industry and assess its growth potential over the period from 2009 to 2010 and then over the 5 year period from 2010 to 2015. We were particularly interested in the status of the industry in relation to the global economic crisis and recession, and the impact these events had on PM product demand.

Our major objective is to present a comprehensive analysis of the current powder metallurgy industry and project its future course.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

Powder metallurgy (PM) has been a steady industry over the past several decades, growing from the 1980s. Much of its growth derived from metal powder-based parts replacing castings, forgings and machined parts. The industry has consistently demonstrated that it could meet the demand of manufacturers at a lower cost than previous technologies. More than 72% of all PM parts have historically been sold to the automotive industry.

We have examined the current position of PM technologies and materials in 10 major powder groups. We were interested in the materials proposed to meet the demand for more sophisticated products. We also analyzed the decline in PM demand within particular industries caused by the economic downturn.

PM could eventually become an industry with saturated markets and grow largely by acquisition or increasing market share. But PM technology is still evolving, and the industry has adapted particulates (or powders and materials that are not made solely of metals). Products are changing, too, and PM can be adapted or modified to meet their demands. PM can expand and resume growth, which is an important reason to do this study.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

We studied the different metals and the parts they formed. An overview of the various PM technologies is presented and descriptions of the various "new" materials being used are included. An overview of industry competitiveness is also presented including a discussion of global economic factors.  

BCC Research tracks various metal powders and other materials through the manufacturing process and the fabrication of parts. A global view is provided and manufacturing capabilities and consumption patterns are examined for each of five major regions throughout the world.

SCOPE OF REPORT

This study includes companies who manufacture powder metal and other related materials used in the process, such as ceramics and nanopowders, special alloys and metal matrix composites. It also includes companies that make parts and components for automotive products, industrial and tolling equipment, recreation and hobby items, appliances, business machines and other products.

BCC Research analyzes the PM industry on a global basis, including manufacturing capability and consumption by regional markets. We also look at industry standards, government and industry support, and other key factors related to the success of powder metallurgy. 

Market drivers within the industry are identified. The quantity and value of various powders and parts shipments is projected from 2009 to 2010 and then over a 5 year period from 2010 to 2015. Technological issues and trends are projected and other influential factors are discussed.

Because this is a global study, BCC Research analyzes domestic and international technological issues and economic considerations.

METHODOLOGY

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. BCC Research presents an analysis for each type of powder used and the parts made from them. We look at properties, advantages, demand factors, competition, and other information. Estimated value is what manufacturers and material providers have paid in current dollars. Then, based on our surveys, we analyze industry growth in relation to the demand for and growth of PM technology.

INFORMATION SOURCES

BCC Research interviewed approximately 125 companies to obtain data for this study. Included were chemists, process equipment specialists, marketing executives, operations personnel, and users of various powder metal parts. Participants included representatives of the automotive industry, tooling companies and industrial buyers. Additional data were obtained from government information, trade associations, industry and financial sources and an exhaustive review of technical literature. 

ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS

After a successful career at IBM, Robert H. Moran has written extensively as a research analyst and editor at BCC Research. The topics of his reports include various deposition technologies, displays, solar energy and solid-state lighting. Mr. Moran has been writing for BCC Research for more than 20 years. He earned a B.S. degree in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania.

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary

STUDY GOAL OBJECTIVES 1

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1

INTENDED AUDIENCE 1

SCOPE OF REPORT 2

METHODOLOGY 2

INFORMATION SOURCES 3

ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 3

RELATED BCC REPORTS 3

BCC ONLINE SERVICES 3

DISCLAIMER 4

Chapter-2: SUMMARY

SUMMARY 5

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL PARTS AND POWDER SHIPMENTS THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS) 6

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL PARTS AND POWDERS SHIPMENTS, 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 6

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW

HISTORY 7

RECENT PM INDUSTRY ACTIVITY 8

THE PM PROCESS 8

TABLE 1 OVERVIEW OF THE PM PROCESS 9

MAKING METAL POWDERS 9

TABLE 2 BASIC POWDER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 10

PARTICULATE MATERIALS 10

PM APPLICATIONS 11

TABLE 3 END PRODUCTS THAT USE PM PARTS 11

Chapter-4: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

MAJOR INDUSTRY SEGMENTS 12

TABLE 4 STRUCTURE OF THE WORLDWIDE PM INDUSTRY, 2009 13

KEY COMPANIES IN THE PM INDUSTRY 14

TABLE 5 KEY COMPANIES IN THE WORLDWIDE PM INDUSTRY 15

TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) 16

TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) 17

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PM INDUSTRY IN 2010 18

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE … (CONTINUED) 19

PM MANUFACTURING BY REGION 20

TABLE 6 GLOBAL SHARE OF PM MANUFACTURING BY REGION, 2009-2015 (%) 20

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL SHARE OF PM MANUFACTURING BY REGION, 2009-2015 (%) 21

CONSUMPTION OF PM PRODUCTS BY REGION 21

TABLE 7 GLOBAL SHARE OF PM PRODUCT REVENUE BY REGION, 2009-2015 (%) 22

FIGURE 2 GLOBAL SHARE OF PM PRODUCT REVENUE BY REGION, 2009-2015 (%) 23

TRADITIONAL CONSUMER MARKETS REMAIN STRONG 23

MARKET LEADERS 24

LEADING PARTS AND COMPONENT FABRICATORS 24

TABLE 8 TOP 30% OF PM COMPONENTS IN THE FABRICATION MARKET ($ MILLIONS) 24

LEADING POWDER PRODUCERS 25

TABLE 9 TOP 25% OF POWDER MAKERS IN THE PM INDUSTRY ($ MILLIONS) 25

COMPANY PROFILES 26

ACUPOWDER INTERNATIONAL, UNION, NJ 26

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES PTE LTD., SINGAPORE 27

ADVANCED METALWORKING PRACTICES, CARMEL, IN 27

ALPHA SINTERED METAL INC., RIDGWAY, PA 28

BASF, LUDWIGSHAFEN, GERMANY 29

BORGWARNER INC., AUBURN HILLS, MI 30

CAPSTAN, CARSON, CA 31

CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, WYOMISSING, PA 32

CHICAGO POWDER METAL PRODUCTS, SHILLER PARK, IL 33

DORST TECHNOLOGIES, KOCHEL, GERMANY 34

FEDERAL-MOGUL CORP., SOUTHFIELD, MI 35

FUKUDA METAL FOIL AND POWDER CO. LTD., KYOTO, JAPAN 36

GKN SINTER METALS, AUBURN HILLS, MI 36

GKN Sinter Metals, … (Continued) 37

HAWK CORPORATION, CLEVELAND, OH 38

H.C. STARCK, GOSLAR, GERMANY 39

HITACHI POWDERED METALS CO. LTD., CHIBA, JAPAN 39

HOEGANAES CORPORATION, (SUBSIDIARY OF GKN SINTER METALS) CINNAMINSON, NJ 40

HOGANAS CORPORATION AB, HOGANAS, SWEDEN 41

KENNAMETAL INC., LATROBE, PA 42

MAXTECH POWDER METAL, QUEBEC, CANADA 43

METAL POWDER PRODUCTS COMPANY, WESTFIELD, IN 43

Metal Powder Products … (Continued) 44

MIBA AG, VORCHDORF, AUSTRIA 45

NIPPON KAGAKU YAKIN COMPANY, LTD., NEYAGAWA, JAPAN 46

NIPPON PISTON RING CO. LTD., SAITAMA CITY, JAPAN 46

OBE GMBH, ISPRINGEN, GERMANY 47

RAINBOW MING, TAIWAN 48

STACKPOLE LIMITED, ONTARIO, CANADA 48

Stackpole Limited … (Continued) 49

Chapter-5: TECHNOLOGY

CONVENTIONAL POWDER METALLURGY 50

TABLE 10 THE PM PROCESS 51

POWDER MIXING 52

COMPACTING 52

Single Action Pressing 53

Multiaction Pressing 53

Double Die Pressing 53

TABLE 11 CLASSIFICATION OF PARTS BY COMPLEXITY, THICKNESS AND PRESSING METHOD 54

SINTERING 54

TABLE 12 CONTINUOUS SINTERING FURNACES, BY TYPE 54

Sinter Hardening 55

FULLY DENSE PROCESSING 56

HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING (HIP) 56

TABLE 13 THE BASIC HIP PROCESS 57

COLD ISOSTATIC PRESSING (CIP) 57

TABLE 14 THE BASIC CIP PROCESS 58

ROLL COMPACTION 58

HOT EXTRUSION 58

METAL INJECTION MOLDING 59

TABLE 15 THE BASIC MIM PROCESS 60

Powder Injection Molding 60

HIGH DENSITY PROCESSING OF FERROUS METAL PARTS 60

IMPACT OF RAW MATERIALS 61

DIE WALL LUBRICATION 61

HIGH TEMPERATURE SINTERING 62

WARM COMPACTION 62

TABLE 16 THE WARM COMPACTING PROCESS 62

POWDER FORGING 63

SECONDARY OPERATIONS 63

TABLE 17 SECONDARY OPERATIONS 64

COINING AND SIZING 64

IMPREGNATION 65

INFILTRATION 65

HEAT TREATING 65

MACHINING 66

FINISHING 66

METAL POWDER PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING 66

FERROUS POWDERS PRODUCTION 67

Atomization 67

TABLE 18 COMPARIONS OF WATER AND GAS ATOMIZATION PROCESSES 67

Reduction of Oxides 68

Electrolytic Deposition 68

OTHER POWDER PROCESSING OPERATIONS 68

Diffusion Bonding 68

Segregation-Free Processing 68

NONFERROUS POWDER PRODUCTION 69

Aluminum-Based Powders 69

Air or Inert Gas Atomization 69

Ball Milling 69

Copper-Based Powders 69

Oxide Reduction 69

Water or Air Atomization 70

Nickel-Based Powders 70

Hydrometallurgical Processing 70

Gas Atomization 70

Plasma Rotating Electrode Process 70

Titanium-Based Powders 71

Kroll Process 71

Plasma Quench Processing 71

Refractory Metal Powders 71

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS 72

R&D IN THE ECONOMIC DOWNTURN 72

EXPANDING DEFINITION OF PM MATERIALS 72

TABLE 19 EXAMPLES OF PARTICULATE MATERIALS 72

IMPACT OF PARTICULATES ON INDUSTRY EXPANSION 73

The Materials Mix 73

Benefits to the Industry 73

TABLE 20 BENEFITS OF ADDED MATERIALS TO THE PM INDUSTRY 73

Make or Outsource Materials 74

Modifications of Component Manufacture 74

ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY 75

Other Injection Molding Processes 75

ADVANCED CERAMIC POWDERS 75

Powder Types 76

TABLE 21 COMMONLY USED ADVANCED CERAMIC MATERIALS 76

Powder Synthesis Techniques 77

NANO CERAMIC POWDERS 77

Nanocomposite Ceramic Powder 77

Nanoceramic Applications 78

TABLE 22 RANGE OF COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS FOR CERAMIC NANOPOWDERS 78

CONCLUSION 79

PATENT ANALYSIS 79

PATENTS BY SUBJECT MATTER 79

TABLE 23 PATENTS BY AREA OF PM TECHNOLOGY 80

PATENTS BY REGION 81

TABLE 24 PM PATENTS BY REGION 81

PATENTS BY COMPANIES 82

TABLE 25 COMPANIES THAT WERE AWARDED TWO OR MORE PATENTS 82

SAMPLE ABSTRACTS 83

Method of Using a Feedstock Composition for Powder Metallurgy 83

Powder Metallurgical Compositions Containing Organometallic Lubricants 84

Powder Metallurgy Sputtering Targets and Their Production Methods 84

Making Sinter Forged, High-Strength Aluminum Parts 84

Method for Making a Forged, Carburized Powder Metal Part 85

Making a Turbine Blisk 85

Chapter-6: INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS

A CHALLENGING ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 86

ESTABLISHING A MARKET BASE 86

Declining Powder Metal Shipments 87

TABLE 26 GLOBAL POWDER METAL SHIPMENTS BY TYPE OF MATERIAL THROUGH 2009 (SHORT TONS) 87

Falling Automotive Production 88

TABLE 27 PRODUCTION OF VEHICLES IN NORTH AMERICA (MILLION UNITS) 88

Impact on the Powder Metal Industry 88

What Industry and Economists Think 89

Long Term Look at the Economy and Powder Metal Products 90

TABLE 28 ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE GROWTH OF THE POWDER METAL INDUSTRY 90

INDUSTRY, GOVERNMENT AND TRADE SUPPORT 90

NORTH AMERICA 91

The Metal Powder Industries Federation 91

TABLE 29 TRADE ASSOCIATIONS IN THE MPIF FEDERATION 91

Penn State Center for Innovative Sintered Products (CISP) 92

TABLE 30 CISP COLLABORATIVE UNIVERSITIES 92

EUROPE 93

The European Powder Metal Association 93

TABLE 31 KEY GOALS OF THE EPMA 93

ASIA-PACIFIC 94

Japan Powder Metallurgy Association 94

The Powder Metallurgy Association of India 94

TABLE 32 MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THE PMAI 95

OTHER REGIONS 95

CONCLUSION 95

STANDARDS 96

METHODS OF TEST 96

POWDER PRESS SAFETY STANDARDS 96

OTHER STANDARDS 97

CONTINUED TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 97

MARKET GROWTH FACTORS 98

IMPACT OF THESE GROWTH FACTORS 98

TABLE 33 IMPACT OF CONTRIBUTING FACTORS ON GLOBAL PM INDUSTRY GROWTH (%) 98

Impact of These Growth Factors (Continued) 99

Chapter-7: PM MARKET OVERVIEW

MARKET PERSPECTIVE 100

POWDER MATERIALS 100

TABLE 34 ESTIMATED GLOBAL POWDER METAL SHIPMENTS AND MARKET SHARE BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, 2009 (SHORT TONS AND % SHARE) 100

FIGURE 3 GLOBAL POWDER METAL SHIPMENTS BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, 2009 (SHORT TONS) 101

FIGURE 4 GLOBAL POWDER METAL MARKET SHARE BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, 2009 (%) 102

COMPONENT MARKETS 103

TABLE 35 GLOBAL PM COMPONENTS MARKET, 2009 (% SHARE AND $ MILLIONS) 103

FIGURE 5 GLOBAL PM COMPONENT MARKETS, 2009 ($ MILLIONS) 104

FIGURE 6 GLOBAL PM COMPONENT MARKETS, 2009 (%) 104

PM MARKET APPROACH 105

MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES 105

Measurement Objectives (Continued) 106

Chapter-8: PM MATERIALS AND PARTS MARKETS

FERROUS METALS AND PARTS 107

STATUS OF THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY 108

TABLE 36 OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY, 2009 108

What's Next? 109

Impact of PM on Automobiles 110

TABLE 37 IMPACT OF PM ON THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 110

METAL POWDER CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES 110

Metal Powder Properties 111

Particle Size and Distribution 111

TABLE 38 STANDARD U.S. SIEVE SIZES 111

Apparent or Tap Density 112

Flow Rate 112

TABLE 39 SAMPLE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL IRON-BASED POWDERS 112

Ferrous Powder Types 113

TABLE 40 SAMPLE COMPOSITION OF SINTERED AUTOMOTIVE STEELSTRUCTURAL COMPONENT MATERIALS 113

Other Materials 113

AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS (PARTS) MADE BY PM 114

Ferrous Structural Automotive Parts 114

Engine Connecting Rods 114

Engine Main Bearing Caps 115

Camshaft Lobes 116

Exhaust System Flanges 116

Bearings, Gears and Sprockets 117

Transmission Components 117

Torque Converter Turbine Hubs 118

Valve Guides and Valve Seat Inserts 118

Steering Systems 119

Braking Systems 119

Ferrous Self-Lubricating Bearings 119

Ferrous Magnetic Parts 120

TABLE 41 SAMPLE AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS FOR PM PARTS 121

Ferrous Friction Materials 121

NON-AUTOMOTIVE MARKETS FOR FERROUS PARTS 122

ADVANTAGES OF PM IN THE AUTOMOTIVE BUSINESS 123

TABLE 42 ADVANTAGES OF PM IN THE AUTOMOTIVE BUSINESS 123

FUTURE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET ANALYSIS 123

Global Economic Conditions Impacting the Automotive Industry 124

TABLE 43 GLOBAL ECONOMIC PRESSURES THAT COULD WEAKEN THE AUTO INDUSTRY 124

Housing Problems 124

Continued Global Unemployment 125

Double Dip Recession 125

Continued European Economic and Euro Problems 126

Energy Policy, Fuel Prices 126

Economic Unrest in Asia or Other Regions 127

Positive Economic Aspects 127

TABLE 44 POSITIVE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE GLOBAL AUTO AND PM BUSINESSES 128

PM AUTO MARKET ASSESSMENT 128

TABLE 45 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF IRON AND STEEL POWDERS THROUGH 2009 (SHORT TONS) 129

Growth of Other Powders 130

PM Market Drivers 130

Some Limitations 131

FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—IRON AND STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS 131

TABLE 46 FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—GROWTH OF IRON AND STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS 132

FORECAST—GROWTH OF IRON AND STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS 132

TABLE 47 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF IRON AND STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 (POUNDS MILLIONS) 133

FORECAST—VALUE OF IRON AND STEEL POWDERS, PARTS SHIPMENTS 133

Price Considerations 134

TABLE 48 GLOBAL VALUE OF IRON AND STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS SHIPMENTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 134

FIGURE 7 VALUE OF GLOBAL IRON AND STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS SHIPMENTS, 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 135

STAINLESS STEEL 135

TABLE 49 MAJOR APPLICATIONS FOR STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS 136

FORECAST—GROWTH OF STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS 136

TABLE 50 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 (POUNDS MILLIONS) 137

FORECAST—VALUE OF STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS, PARTS SHIPMENTS 137

TABLE 51 GLOBAL VALUE OF STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS SHIPMENTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 138

FIGURE 8 VALUE OF GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS AND PARTS, 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 139

COMMENTS—FERROUS METAL POWDERS 139

ALUMINUM POWDERS AND PARTS 140

ALUMINUM POWDER AND PARTS PROPERTIES 140

ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINUM PM 140

TABLE 52 ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINUM PM 141

The Search for Weight Reduction 141

Density is a Positive Factor 141

ALUMINUM POWDER PARTS MADE BY PM 142

Aluminum as a Replacement Part 142

Cam Shaft Bearing Caps 142

Aerospace Applications 142

Metal Matrix Composites 143

TABLE 53 MMC MANUFACTURING METHODS 143

Thermal Management Applications 144

Other Applications 144

ALUMINUM POWDER AND PARTS MARKET ASSESSMENT 144

FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—ALUMINUM POWDER AND PARTS 145

TABLE 54 FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—GROWTH OF ALUMINUM POWDER 145

FORECAST—GROWTH OF ALUMINUM POWDERS AND PARTS 145

TABLE 55 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF ALUMINUM POWDER AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 (POUNDS MILLIONS) 146

FORECAST—VALUE OF ALUMINUM POWDER AND PARTS SHIPMENTS 146

TABLE 56 GLOBAL VALUE OF ALUMINUM POWDERS AND PARTS SHIPMENTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 147

FIGURE 9 GLOBAL VALUE OF ALUMINUM POWDERS AND PARTS SHIPMENTS, 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 148

COMMENTS—ALUMINUM POWDERS 148

COPPER POWDERS AND COPPER-BASE PARTS 149

ADVANTAGES OF COPPER POWDER 149

TABLE 57 PRIMARY ADVANTAGES OF COPPER POWDER 150

APPLICATIONS FOR COPPER PM PARTS 150

TABLE 58 KEY AUTO APPLICATIONS FOR COPPER POWDER PARTS 150

Hybrid Vehicles 150

Bronze Bearings, Filters and Related Parts 151

High Conductivity Structural Parts 151

Other Copper PM Applications 152

Friction Materials 152

COPPER POWDER AND PARTS MARKET ASSESSMENT 152

Changes in Demand 152

FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—COPPER POWDER AND PARTS 153

TABLE 59 FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—GROWTH OF COPPER AND COPPER-BASE POWDER AND PARTS 153

FORECAST—GROWTH OF COPPER POWDERS AND PARTS 154

TABLE 60 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF COPPER POWDERS AND PARTS THROUGH 2015 (POUNDS MILLIONS) 154

FORECAST—VALUE OF COPPER POWDERS, PARTS SHIPMENTS 155

Price Considerations 155

TABLE 61 GLOBAL VALUE OF COPPER POWDER AND PARTS SHIPMENTS THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 156

FIGURE 10 GLOBAL VALUE OF COPPER POWDERS AND PARTS SHIPMENTS, 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 156

NICKEL-BASED POWDERS AND PARTS 157

NICKEL POWDER PROPERTIES 157

TABLE 62 PROPERTIES OF NICKEL POWDER 157

NICKEL POWDER APPLICATIONS 158

TABLE 63 OVERVIEW OF NICKEL POWDER APPLICATIONS BY POWDER TYPE 158

NICKEL POWDER AND PARTS MARKET ASSESSMENT 159

Nickel Powder Demand Pattern 159

FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—NICKEL POWDER AND PARTS 159

TABLE 64 FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—GROWTH OF NICKEL POWDERS AND PARTS 160

FORECAST—GROWTH OF NICKEL POWDERS AND PARTS 160

TABLE 65 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF NICKEL POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 (POUNDS MILLIONS) 161

FORECAST—VALUE OF NICKEL POWDER, PARTS SHIPMENTS 161

Price Considerations 161

TABLE 66 GLOBAL VALUE OF NICKEL POWDER AND PARTS SHIPMENTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 162

FIGURE 11 GLOBAL VALUE OF NICKEL POWDERS AND PARTS SHIPMENTS 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 163

MARKETS FOR TUNGSTEN, TUNGSTEN CARBIDE, AND MOLYBDENUM POWDERS AND ALLOY PM PARTS 163

USES OF TUNGSTEN PRODUCTS 164

TABLE 67 REPORTED CONSUMPTION OF TUNGSTEN STOCKS AND PRODUCTS, 2009 (%) 164

APPLICATIONS FOR TUNGSTEN PRODUCTS 164

Tungsten-Base 164

Other Markets 165

Tungsten Carbide Powders 165

TABLE 68 OVERVIEW OF POWDER PRODUCTS IN THE CUTTING TOOL INDUSTRY 166

Molybdenum-Base 166

TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM POWDER AND PARTS MARKET ASSESSMENT 167

Tungsten Materials 167

Molybdenum 167

TABLE 69 FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—GROWTH OF TUNGSTEN-BASED AND MOLYBDENUM POWDERS AND PARTS 168

FORECAST—GROWTH OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM POWDERS AND PARTS 169

TABLE 70 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 (POUNDS MILLIONS) 169

FORECAST—VALUE OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM POWDER AND PARTS SHIPMENTS 170

Price Uncertainty 170

TABLE 71 VALUE OF GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 171

FIGURE 12 VALUE OF WORLDWIDE SHIPMENTS OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM POWDERS AND PARTS 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 171

TIN POWDERS AND TIN-BASE PARTS 172

PROPERTIES 172

APPLICATIONS 173

TABLE 72 MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF TIN POWDERS 173

FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS 174

TABLE 73 FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—GROWTH OF TIN POWDERS AND PARTS 174

FORECAST—GROWTH OF TIN POWDERS AND PARTS 175

TABLE 74 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF TIN POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 (POUNDS MILLIONS) 175

FORECAST—VALUE OF TIN POWDER AND PARTS SHIPMENTS 175

TABLE 75 VALUE OF GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF TIN POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 176

FIGURE 13 VALUE OF GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF TIN POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 177

PARTICULATES AND OTHER MATERIALS 177

DIFFERING OPINIONS 177

What We Include 178

FABRICATION OF SPECIAL ALLOY MATERIALS 178

Special Process 178

TABLE 76 BASIC MICRO-MELT ALLOY PRODUCTION STEPS 179

Higher Carbon Content 179

TABLE 77 ALLOY WITH HIGHER CARBON CONTENT 179

EXAMPLES OF CERAMIC POWDERS 180

Properties 180

EXAMPLES OF NANOCERAMIC POWDERS 180

Synthesis of Nanopowders 181

TABLE 78 METHODS OF MAKING NANOPOWDERS 181

APPLICATIONS 182

TABLE 79  MAJOR APPLICATIONS FOR PARTICULATE AND OTHER MATERIALS 182

LEVEL OF ACTIVITY 183

Key Ceramic Powder Markets 183

TABLE 80 RANKING OF MARKETS FOR PARTICULATES AND SPECIAL POWDERS (%) 183

FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS 184

TABLE 81 FORECAST ASSUMPTIONS—GROWTH OF PARTICULATES AND OTHER MATERIALS 184

FORECAST—GROWTH OF PARTICULATES AND OTHER MATERIALS 185

TABLE 82 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF PARTICULATE POWDERS AND PARTS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS) 185

FORECAST—VALUE OF PARTICULATE POWDER AND PARTS SHIPMENTS 186

Price Considerations 186

TABLE 83 GLOBAL VALUE OF PARTICULATES AND PARTS SHIPMENTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 187

FIGURE 14 GLOBAL VALUE OF PARTICULATE AND OTHER POWDERS AND PARTS THROUGH 2015 187

Long Term Impact of Particulates 188

GLOBAL POWDER AND PARTS GROWTH 188

TABLE 84 ESTIMATED GLOBAL POWDER SHIPMENTS AND MARKET SHARE BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, THROUGH 2015 (SHORT TONS AND % MARKET SHARE) 189

FIGURE 15 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF POWDER MATERIALS BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, 2009-2015 (SHORT TONS) 189

FIGURE 16 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF POWDER MATERIALS BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, 2009-2015 (%) 190

DETAILED GLOBAL POWDER SHIPMENTS 191

TABLE 85 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF POWDERS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS./$ MILLIONS) 191

DETAILED GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF PARTS 191

TABLE 86 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF PM PARTS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS) 192

GLOBAL INDUSTRY COMPONENT MARKETS 192

TABLE 87 ESTIMATED GLOBAL PM COMPONENT SHIPMENTS AND SHARE BY TYPE OF MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS AND % MARKET SHARE) 193

FIGURE 17 ESTIMATED GLOBAL PM COMPONENT SHIPMENTS BY TYPE OF MARKET, 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 194

FIGURE 18 ESTIMATED GLOBAL PM COMPONENT SHARE BY TYPE OF MARKET, 2009-2015 (%) 194

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