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Según los investigadores, las decisiones de tratamiento en Reino Unido presentan imperfecciones graves
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News provided by

ECHOUTCOME

Jan 24, 2013, 07:01 ET

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BRUSELAS, January 25, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --

- Según los investigadores, las decisiones de tratamiento en Reino Unido tienen imperfecciones graves y no deberían usarse en Europa

La aproximación de los años de vida ajustados por calidad (QALY) para decidir qué tratamientos están disponibles en los servicios de salud- usados en Reino Unido y que han generado mucho interés en Europa - presentan peligrosas imperfecciones y deberían abandonarse, según un proyecto de investigación con fondos de la Unión Europea.

Los resultados del proyecto, anunciado el 25 de enero en la conferencia de Bruselas dedicada a los resultados de la salud, destaca las graves caídas en la forma en la que algunas de las agencias de evaluación de la tecnología de la salud (HTA), sobre todo el National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) de Reino Unido, recomiendan qué tratamientos deben estar disponibles en los servicios de salud, advirtiendo en contra de que se adopte este sistema en Europa.

Las agencias de la HTA están encargadas de la recomendación de los nuevos tratamientos con fondos públicos. NICE utiliza los QALY - una teoría económica que pondera de forma matemática el número de años de vida por medio de la calidad de vida proporcionada a través de diferentes tratamientos. Basándose en este cálculo, se toman decisiones sobre cómo se ofrecen los tratamientos en el National Health Service. En Reino Unido, si el incremento del coste por los QALY (= coste por un año adicional con salud perfecta) es inferior a las 30.000 libras, el tratamiento normalmente está disponible. Muchos de los países europeos están actualmente considerando replicar el modelo NICE.

El método QALY se basa en cuatro presunciones clave en torno a cómo el paciente califica la vida adicional y los diferentes estados de salud. ECHOUTCOME, un proyecto de tres años y de un millón de euros, ha reunido a seis universidades y compañías para investigar estas presunciones, encontrando no válidas a todas ellas.

En la investigación se han encuestado a 1.300 participantes de Bélgica, Francia, Italia y Reino Unido, siendo la mayor investigación jamás realizada sobre los QALY.

Las respuestas han demostrado que la forma en la que las personas clasifican los resultados médicos no se puede resumir con una fórmula clara. El proyecto concluye en que los QALY son una forma no válida de tomar decisiones médicas, y deberá sustituirse por una aproximación más flexible.

Gerard Duru, director emérito de investigación en Matemáticas del French National Centre of Scientific Research, comentó: "Las presunciones subyacentes de los QALY no están verificadas en la población real. El indicador de los QALY no es válido a escala científica. De esta forma es imposible saber lo que se está ponderando."

Ariel Beresniak, consejero delegado de Data Mining International y líder del proyecto, comentó: "Agencias como NICE deberán abandonar los QALY a favor de otras aproximaciones. Las agencias europeas HTA que buscan en la actualidad la adopción del modelo NICE deberán reconsiderarlo de forma seria."

La publicación completa, con detalles de los resultados, metodología e historial en los QALYs, está disponible en: http://www.echoutcome.eu/images/stories/ECHOUTCOME_Press_release_Europe.pdf

David Lewis
Teléfono: +44-(0)8456-801-865
E-mail: [email protected]

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