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SMART METERING IN NORTH AMERICA AND ASIA-PACIFIC
Executive summary
Smart grid is one of the latest buzzwords in the energy sector and has become a catchphrase for politicians, academics and industry leaders alike. The vision is to exploit the latest technology to address the immense challenge of securing the energy supply in the 21st century. The concept of smart grids is at times put forward as a revolutionary solution to a wide array of problems, ranging from the West's dependency on Middle Eastern oil to global warming. A more realistic expectation is however that smart grid technology will contribute to improved efficiency and reliability in energy distribution and better optimisation in allocation of resources and utilisation of assets. Smart metering is widely regarded as the cornerstone for future smart grids. In the history of metering technology, smart metering represents the third stage in a chain of developments spanning more than 100 years. Manually read meters have been around since the advent of the utility industry in the late 19th century. Over the last three decades, automated meter reading (AMR) based on one-way or two-way communication has evolved. Smart metering broadens the scope of AMR beyond just meter readings with additional features enabled by two-way data communication. A smart metering solution generally delivers a range of applications using an infrastructure comprising networked meters, communication networks and data collection and management systems. Smart electricity meters are being introduced all over the developed world. North America and Asia-Pacific are two of the most dynamic market regions that will see massive projects realised over the next five to ten years. Berg Insight forecasts that the installed base of smart electricity meters in North America will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 22.5 percent between 2010 and 2016 to reach 87.4 million units at the end of the period. Asia- Pacific is projected to see the installed base of smart meters soar from a low level to 378.1 million units by 2016.
North America has the world's highest penetration of automatic meter reading, exceeding 50 percent. Over the past years, many of the largest utilities in the US have embarked on ambitious smart grid schemes where one of the main objectives is to deploy second generation advanced metering infrastructure. AEP, PG&E, Southern California Edison, Southern Company, Florida Power & Light and Oncor are some of the largest utility groups having committed to full-scale rollouts to all customers. Furthermore there are numerous projects among medium sized and small utilities throughout the country. National and state policies play a major role in shaping developments. The US market received a major boost through the Obama Administration's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that includes US$ 43 billion ear-marked for the energy sector plus tax incentives. A number of states, including California, Texas, Florida and Pennsylvania have approved utility plans for massive smart meter deployments, while others such as Virginia have turned down major project proposals. In Canada, the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia have introduced mandatory requirements for smart electricity meters for all customers. Hydro-Québec announced Canada's largest project to date in 2011, involving 4.0 million metering points. East Asia is in the earliest phase of the adoption of smart metering technology. Large-scale rollouts to residential customers have only recently begun in Japan and South Korea, while China remains in the piloting stage. National and industry leaders do however have clear visions for the adoption of the technology over the course of this decade. South Korea has adopted a national plan for the construction of a smart grid by 2020. Japan already has the world's most advanced power grid monitoring systems in place and several of the leading utilities have announced plans for smart meter deployments over the next ten years. China is investing massively in the expansion of the nation's energy infrastructure to keep up with the rapidly increasing power demand. The country has begun deploying a new generation of more advanced electricity meters, which are prepared for two-way communication. China has however not yet decided on any final standards for smart grid networking. Although the country is on track to reach near 100 percent penetration for smart meters that support communication by 2015, there is not yet any infrastructure in place to network them into a nationwide smart grid. Australia and New Zealand began massive installations of smart meters at the end of the last decade. Adoption is driven by regulations in the case of Australia and by the main industry players in New Zealand.
SMART METERING IN EUROPE
Executive summary
Smart grid is one of the latest buzzwords in the energy sector and has become a catchphrase for politicians, academics and industry leaders alike. The vision is to exploit the latest technology to address the immense challenge of securing the energy supply in the 21st century. The concept of smart grids is at times put forward as a revolutionary solution to a wide array of problems, ranging from the West's dependency on Middle Eastern oil to global warming. A more realistic expectation is however that smart grid technology will contribute to improved efficiency and reliability in energy distribution and better optimisation in allocation of resources and utilisation of assets. Smart metering is widely regarded as the cornerstone for future smart grids. In the history of metering technology, smart metering represents the third stage in a chain of developments spanning more than 100 years. Manually read meters have been around since the advent of the utility industry in the late 19th century. Over the last three decades, automated meter reading (AMR) based on one-way or two-way communication has evolved. Smart metering broadens the scope of AMR beyond just meter readings with additional features enabled by two-way data communication. A smart metering solution generally delivers a range of applications using an infrastructure comprising networked meters, communication networks and data collection and management systems. Smart electricity meters are being introduced all over the developed world. Europe had an early start in the 2000s when Enel completed the first nationwide rollout of smart meters to more than 30 million customers in Italy. Later deployments followed in the Nordic countries and at the beginning of the 2010s, Spain, France and the UK are assuming the positions as the most active markets. Berg Insight forecasts that the installed base of smart electricity meters in EU23+2 will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 19.4 percent between 2010 and 2016 to reach 130.5 million units at the end of the period. Annual shipments of smart electricity meters are anticipated to exceed 20 million units in the mid-2010s.
A majority of the countries in Western Europe have adopted a policy of regulation-driven introduction of smart meters. Italy and Sweden were first to complete their rollouts that began in 2001 and 2003 respectively. Finland and Norway will require smart meters for all electricity customers by 2013 and 2016 respectively, while France, Spain, the UK and Ireland have set targets to achieve full penetration in the final years of this decade. That will also be the case in the Netherlands, where the plans to introduce smart meters met strong opposition on the grounds of being invasive to privacy and were delayed for several years before they were finally approved by the parliament in late 2010. Germany on the other hand has only implemented some weaker regulatory drivers and the federal government has declared that it has no intention to push for a quick nationwide rollout. Iberia is the new focal point for SMART METERING IN EUROPE. Following a build-up phase in 2010, massive installations will take off in Spain during 2011, as Endesa goes ahead with a fullscale rollout. Iberdrola is performing major pilots involving hundreds of thousands of customers and activity is also picking up at Gas Natural Fenosa. Furthermore EDP considers a nationwide rollout in Portugal that can be coordinated with the mandatory deployment by its distribution network subsidiary in Spain.
Berg Insight forecasts that annual shipments of smart electricity meters in Iberia will peak at around 5 million units per year during 2016–2017 before the market gradually slows down in the final years before the installation deadline in 2018. France and the UK became active markets in 2010 as ERDF and British Gas entered the initial phases of their smart meter installation programmes. ERDF plans to start with a massive nationwide rollout from 2012 and will need to deploy around 6 million units per year between 2014 and 2017 in order to fulfil the regulatory obligations that will take effect in 2018. The UK is currently in a build-up phase, preparing for a mass rollout to nearly 30 million customers during 2014–2019. British Gas and E.ON have committed to the installation of at least one million smart electricity meters each before the mass rollout begins. Berg Insight expects that all major energy suppliers in the UK will switch to smart meters for new connections and planned replacements prior to the mass rollout. Ireland plans a nationwide rollout of smart meters starting in 2014.
Table of Contents
SMART METERING IN NORTH AMERICA AND ASIA-PACIFIC.. i
List of Figures...... vi
Executive summary.....1
1 Smart grids and intelligent meters...3
1.1 Introduction to smart grids ......3
1.2 Smart metering ...6
1.2.1 Smart metering applications ....6
1.2.2 Smart metering infrastructure.10
1.2.3 Benefits of smart metering .....13
1.3 Project strategies .....15
1.3.1 System design and sourcing .15
1.3.2 Rollout and integration ....16
1.3.3 Implementation and operation ......17
1.3.4 Communicating with customers ...17
1.4 Regulatory issues ....18
1.4.1 Models for the introduction of smart meters ......18
1.4.2 Standardisation .19
1.4.3 Individual rights issues....20
2 PLC and wireless communication technologies 21
2.1 PLC versus wireless communication...21
2.1.1 PLC point-to-multipoint ...21
2.1.2 Wireless Mesh point-to-multipoint.22
2.1.3 Cellular networks point-to-point ....24
2.1.4 Home area networking....25
2.2 PLC technology and vendors25
2.2.1 Industry associations and standards ...26
2.2.2 Tier one semiconductor companies ....29
2.2.3 Advanced Digital Design.32
2.2.4 CURRENT...32
2.2.5 Leaguer Microelectronics33
2.2.6 Topscomm .33
2.2.7 Yitran Communications ...33
2.3 Wireless technology and vendors 34
2.3.1 Industry initiatives and standards..34
2.3.2 Cinterion .....37
2.3.3 Coronis 38
2.3.4 Ember..38
2.3.5 Sierra Wireless...39
2.3.6 Sigma Designs ..40
2.3.7 Simcom ......40
2.3.8 Telit ......40
3 Smart metering industry players....43
3.1 Meter vendors...43
3.1.1 Landis+Gyr 44
3.1.2 Itron .....48
3.1.3 Elster....51
3.1.4 Aichi Tokei Denki......54
3.1.5 EDMI....54
3.1.6 GE Energy ..55
3.1.7 Holley Metering .56
3.1.8 Linyang Electronics ..56
3.1.9 LSIS .....57
3.1.10 Osaki Electric.....57
3.1.11 Sanxing Electric.58
3.1.12 Schneider Electric ....58
3.1.13 Secure Meters ...59
3.1.14 Sensus.59
3.1.15 Wasion.60
3.1.16 Second tier Chinese meter vendors.....60
3.2 Smart grid solution providers 63
3.2.1 Aclara ..63
3.2.2 Ambient ......64
3.2.3 Arcadian Networks ...65
3.2.4 Arc Innovations..65
3.2.5 Cooper Power Systems ..66
3.2.6 Comverge...66
3.2.7 Echelon ......67
3.2.8 Eastsoft68
3.2.9 FXXC....68
3.2.10 KDN .....68
3.2.11 Nighthawk ..68
3.2.12 NURI Telecom...69
3.2.13 Omni System.....70
3.2.14 Ruggedcom70
3.2.15 Silver Spring Networks....70
3.2.16 SmartSynch71
3.2.17 Tantalus......72
3.2.18 Trilliant .72
3.2.19 Tropos Networks ......73
3.3 MDMS and middleware vendors ..74
3.3.1 Ecologic Analytics ....74
3.3.2 eMeter .75
3.3.3 EnergyICT...75
3.3.4 NorthStar Utilities Solutions ...76
3.3.5 Oracle ..76
3.3.6 OSIsoft.77
3.3.7 SAP......77
3.4 System integrators and managed service providers78
3.4.1 IT industry players ....78
3.4.2 Telecom industry players 79
4 Market analysis ..83
4.1 North America...83
4.1.1 Market forecast..84
4.1.2 Technology trends ...85
4.1.3 Industry analysis86
4.2 East Asia ....89
4.2.1 Market forecast..90
4.2.2 Technology trends ...91
4.2.3 Industry analysis92
4.3 Australia and New Zealand....94
4.3.1 Market forecast..94
4.3.2 Technology trends ...95
4.3.3 Industry analysis96
5 North America ....97
5.1 Regional summary...97
5.2 United States ....99
5.2.1 Electricity and gas utilities......99
5.2.2 Federal smart grid and metering initiatives......104
5.2.3 Regional overview: Northeast .....106
5.2.4 Regional overview: Midwest.109
5.2.5 Regional overview: South.....112
5.2.6 Regional overview: West ......117
5.3 Canada ....120
5.3.1 Electricity and gas utilities....120
5.3.2 Ontario's smart meter rollout122
5.3.3 Smart metering initiatives in other provinces ...126
6 Asia-Pacific129
6.1 Regional summary.129
6.2 China.131
6.2.1 Electricity industry structure.131
6.2.2 Smart grid and metering initiatives ....132
6.3 Japan134
6.3.1 Electricity and gas utility industry structure .....134
6.3.2 Smart grid and metering initiatives ....135
6.4 South Korea....136
6.4.1 Electricity and gas utility industry structure .....136
6.4.2 National smart grid plan for 2020137
6.5 Australia ...138
6.5.1 Electricity and gas utility industry structure .....138
6.5.2 Regulation driven deployments of smart meters ....139
6.6 New Zealand...142
6.6.1 Electricity industry structure.142
6.6.2 Industry driven deployments of smart meters .144
7 Case studies ....147
7.1 North America.147
7.1.1 Pacific Gas & Electric ....147
7.1.2 Sempra Energy ......149
7.1.3 Florida Power & Light....150
7.1.4 Hydro-Québec.151
7.1.5 BC Hydro..152
7.2 East Asia ..153
7.2.1 State Grid Corporation of China..153
7.2.2 Kansai Electric Power....156
7.2.3 KEPCO .....156
7.3 Australia and New Zealand..158
7.3.1 Ausgrid .....158
7.3.2 Jemena and UED...159
7.3.3 SP AusNet 160
7.3.4 Vector 161
Glossary ....163
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle......9
Figure 1.2: Smart metering infrastructure ....11
Figure 1.3: Examples of smart electricity meters12
Figure 2.1: PLC point-to-multipoint communication infrastructure.22
Figure 2.2: Wireless Mesh point-to-multipoint communication infrastructure.....23
Figure 2.3: Cellular point-to-point communication infrastructure...24
Figure 2.4: Selected members of HomePlug Powerline Alliance by industry .....28
Figure 2.5: Selected members of ZigBee Alliance by industry ......35
Figure 3.1: Energy meter vendor company data (World/Asia/North America, FY2010) ...44
Figure 3.2: Landis+Gyr smart metering product portfolio (North America/Australia 2011).....45
Figure 3.3: Itron smart metering product portfolio (North America 2011) ....49
Figure 3.4: Elster smart metering product portfolio (North America/Australia 2011) .53
Figure 4.1: Smart meter shipments and penetration rate (North America 2010–2016) ....84
Figure 4.2: Smart metering capital expenditure by category (North America 2009–2015)......85
Figure 4.3: Smart electricity meter supplier market shares (NA Q3-2011)...87
Figure 4.4: Smart electricity meter communication provider market shares (NA Q3-2011) ....88
Figure 4.5: Smart meter shipments and penetration rate (East Asia 2010–2016)......90
Figure 4.6: Smart metering related IPOs and acquisitions in East Asia (2010/2011).93
Figure 4.7: Smart meter shipments and penetration rate (Australia & NZ 2010–2016) ....95
Figure 5.1: Top 10 confirmed smart metering projects in North America (Q2-2011).98
Figure 5.2: Top 50 electricity utilities (US 2011) ......100
Figure 5.3: Top 25 gas utilities (US 2011)..103
Figure 5.4: List of major smart meter projects receiving federal grants .....105
Figure 5.5: Major smart metering contracts from investor-owned utilities (US 2011) .....108
Figure 5.6: Selected smart metering contracts from public utilities (US 2011) .111
Figure 5.7: Selected smart metering contracts from cooperative utilities (US 2011)......116
Figure 5.8: Top 25 electricity utilities (Canada 2011) .....121
Figure 5.9: Smart meter vendor market shares (Ontario)......124
Figure 5.10: Top 25 electricity smart metering projects in Canada.....125
Figure 6.1: Major smart metering projects in the Asia-Pacific region (2011) ....130
Figure 6.2: List of electricity utilities in Japan (2010)......135
Figure 6.3: Top five electricity and gas utilities in South Korea (2010) ......137
Figure 6.4: Electricity and gas utilities in Australia (2010) .....139
Figure 6.5: Summary of cost benefit analysis for smart meters in Australia .....140
Figure 6.6: Smart metering contracts in Victoria, Australia ...141
Figure 6.7: Electricity retailer market shares (New Zealand, Q2-2011) ......143
Figure 6.8: Metering service providers in New Zealand and smart meter contracts144
Figure 7.1: Results of SGCC's centralised meter tenders during 2010......155
Smart metering in Europe
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.. i
List of Figures.....viii
Executive summary.....1
1 Electricity, gas and district heating distribution in Europe .3
1.1 Energy industry players....3
1.2 Electricity market 5
1.3 Gas market 10
1.4 District heating market....13
2 Smart metering ..15
2.1 Introduction to smart grids ....15
2.2 Smart metering .18
2.2.1 Smart metering applications ..18
2.2.2 Smart metering infrastructure.22
2.2.3 Benefits of smart metering .....25
2.3 Project strategies .....27
2.3.1 System design and sourcing .27
2.3.2 Rollout and integration ....28
2.3.3 Implementation and operation ......29
2.3.4 Communicating with customers ...29
2.4 Regulatory issues ....30
2.4.1 Models for the introduction of smart meters ......30
2.4.2 Standardisation initiatives ......31
2.4.3 Individual rights issues....34
3 PLC and wireless communication technologies 37
3.1 PLC versus wireless communication...37
3.1.1 PLC point-to-multipoint ...37
3.1.2 Wireless Mesh point-to-multipoint.38
3.1.3 Cellular networks point-to-point ....40
3.1.4 Home area networking....41
3.2 PLC technology and vendors 41
3.2.1 Industry associations and standards ...42
3.2.2 Tier one semiconductor companies ....44
3.2.3 Advanced Digital Design.46
3.2.4 CURRENT...47
3.2.5 Power Plus Communications .47
3.2.6 Yitran Communications ...48
3.3 Wireless technology and vendors 48
3.3.1 Industry initiatives and standards..49
3.3.2 Cinterion .....52
3.3.3 Coronis 52
3.3.4 Develco53
3.3.5 Ember..53
3.3.6 Radiocrafts .54
3.3.7 Sierra Wireless...54
3.3.8 Sigma Designs ..54
3.3.9 Telit ......55
4 Smart metering industry players....57
4.1 Meter vendors...57
4.1.1 Landis+Gyr 58
4.1.2 Itron .....63
4.1.3 Elster....66
4.1.4 Aidon ...68
4.1.5 Apator..68
4.1.6 Circutor69
4.1.7 Diehl Metering ...69
4.1.8 EDMI....70
4.1.9 EMH Metering....70
4.1.10 GE Energy ..71
4.1.11 Hager...72
4.1.12 Iskraemeco.72
4.1.13 Janz .....73
4.1.14 Kamstrup ....73
4.1.15 Sagemcom.74
4.1.16 Secure Meters ...75
4.1.17 Sensus.76
4.1.18 ZIV 76
4.1.19 ZPA Smart Energy....77
4.2 Smart grid solution providers 77
4.2.1 ADD Grup...77
4.2.2 Echelon ......78
4.2.3 Embriq.79
4.2.4 Enel .....80
4.2.5 ISA 80
4.2.6 Metrima81
4.2.7 NURI Telecom...81
4.2.8 Remote Energy Monitoring ....82
4.2.9 Sentec .83
4.2.10 Siemens......83
4.2.11 Silver Spring Networks....84
4.2.12 Smart Grid Norway...85
4.2.13 Trilliant .85
4.2.14 Tropos Networks ......86
4.2.15 Tritech Technologies87
4.2.16 Xemex..88
4.3 MDMS and middleware vendors ..88
4.3.1 Ecologic Analytics ....88
4.3.2 eMeter .89
4.3.3 EnergyICT...89
4.3.4 Görlitz ..90
4.3.5 Netinium .....91
4.3.6 Oracle ..91
4.3.7 OSIsoft.92
4.3.8 Powel...92
4.3.9 Process Vision...93
4.3.10 SAP......93
4.4 System integrators and managed service providers94
4.4.1 IT industry players ....94
4.4.2 Telecom industry players 96
5 Market analysis 101
5.1 Market drivers and restraints ......102
5.1.1 Macroeconomic factors.102
5.1.2 Regulatory environment 104
5.1.3 Competitive environment .....106
5.1.4 Industry standards..107
5.2 Smart metering market forecast .108
5.2.1 Geographical markets...109
5.2.2 Capital expenditure forecast 111
5.3 Technology trends.114
5.4 Industry analysis....116
6 Market profiles: Northern Europe 119
6.1 Sweden....121
6.1.1 Electricity distribution industry structure...121
6.1.2 Metering regulatory environment 122
6.1.3 Smart metering market developments......123
6.1.4 The outcome of a regulation driven rollout ......126
6.2 Denmark ..128
6.2.1 Electricity distribution industry structure...128
6.2.2 Metering regulatory environment 130
6.2.3 Smart metering market developments......130
6.3 Finland .....132
6.3.1 Electricity distribution industry structure...132
6.3.2 Metering regulatory environment 136
6.3.3 Smart metering market developments......136
6.4 Norway.....138
6.4.1 Electricity distribution industry structure...138
6.4.2 Metering regulatory environment 139
6.4.3 Smart metering market developments......141
7 Market profiles: Western Europe .143
7.1 Austria......144
7.1.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...144
7.1.2 Metering regulatory environment and smart metering market developments .145
7.2 Belgium....146
7.2.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...146
7.2.2 Metering regulatory environment and smart metering market developments .147
7.3 France......148
7.3.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...148
7.3.2 Metering regulatory environment and smart metering market developments .149
7.4 Germany..150
7.4.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...151
7.4.2 Metering regulatory environment 153
7.4.3 Smart meter market developments....154
7.5 Ireland......156
7.5.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...156
7.5.2 Nationwide program for deployment of smart meters ...157
7.6 The Netherlands ....158
7.6.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...158
7.6.2 Metering regulatory environment and smart meter market developments ......160
7.7 United Kingdom.....162
7.7.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...162
7.7.2 Metering regulatory environment 165
7.7.3 Plans for a nationwide smart metering system166
7.7.4 Early smart meter deployments ..167
8 Market profiles: Southern Europe169
8.1 Italy ...170
8.1.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...170
8.1.2 Metering regulatory environment 172
8.1.3 Smart metering market developments......173
8.2 Spain.174
8.2.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...174
8.2.2 Metering regulatory environment 175
8.2.3 Smart metering market developments......176
8.3 Portugal ...178
8.3.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...178
8.3.2 Metering regulatory environment and smart metering market developments .179
8.4 Malta .180
8.4.1 Utility industry structure.180
8.4.2 National smart grid project...181
9 Market profiles: Central Eastern Europe ...183
9.1 Bulgaria....184
9.1.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...184
9.1.2 Metering regulatory environment and smart metering market developments .185
9.2 Czech Republic .....186
9.2.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...186
9.2.2 Metering regulatory environment and smart metering pilots187
9.3 Poland......188
9.3.1 Electricity and gas distribution industry structure...188
9.3.2 Metering regulatory environment and smart metering projects ..189
9.4 Slovenia ...190
9.4.1 Electricity industry structure and metering regulatory environment ...190
9.4.2 Smart metering projects191
10 Case studies: Smart metering projects in Europe......193
10.1 Enel...193
10.1.1 The Telegestore project in Italy...193
10.1.2 The Meters and More initiative ....195
10.1.3 Endesa's smart metering project in Spain 196
10.2 ERDF.197
10.2.1 The Linky Programme...197
10.2.2 System development and full-scale pilot ..199
10.3 Iberdrola ..200
10.3.1 The PRIME project .200
10.3.2 Smart metering projects in Spain and the US .201
10.4 RWE..202
10.4.1 Regional DSO operations in Germany......202
10.4.2 The Mülheim Zählt project....203
10.5 Fortum .....204
10.5.1 Smart meter rollout in Sweden....204
10.5.2 Smart meter rollout in Finland.....206
10.6 Energa .....206
10.7 ESB...208
10.7.1 Communication technology trials ......209
10.7.2 Consumer behaviour trials ...210
10.7.3 Cost benefit analysis .....211
10.8 Smart metering projects in the UK ....214
10.8.1 Ofgem's Energy Demand Research Project ....215
10.8.2 British Gas' early rollout to residential customers...215
10.8.3 Candidate technologies for the DCC's smart metering network .216
Glossary ....219
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Top 25 energy companies, by turnover (EU23+2 2010) ......4
Figure 1.2: Electricity generation and consumption data (EU27 2010) ..5
Figure 1.3: Electricity market statistics (EU23+2 2010) .....7
Figure 1.4: Top 25 electricity DSOs (EU27+2 2011)...9
Figure 1.5: Gas market statistics (EU23+2 2010) .....11
Figure 1.6: Top 25 gas DSOs (EU27+2 2010) ...12
Figure 1.7: District heating market statistics (EU23+2 2007)..13
Figure 2.1: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle....21
Figure 2.2: Smart metering infrastructure ....23
Figure 2.3: Examples of smart electricity meters24
Figure 2.4: OPEN Meter project partners ....33
Figure 3.1: PLC point-to-multipoint communication infrastructure.38
Figure 3.2: Wireless Mesh point-to-multipoint communication infrastructure.....39
Figure 3.3: Cellular point-to-point communication infrastructure...40
Figure 3.4: Selected members of ZigBee Alliance by industry ......50
Figure 4.1: Energy meter vendor company data (World/Europe, FY2010)..58
Figure 4.2: Landis+Gyr smart metering product portfolio (Europe 2011) ...59
Figure 4.3: Itron smart metering product portfolio (Europe 2011) .64
Figure 5.1: Household power consumption and retail prices (EU23+2 2010) .103
Figure 5.2: Mass rollout period for smart electricity meters by country .....105
Figure 5.3: Smart meter shipments and penetration rate (EU23+2 2010–2016).....108
Figure 5.4: Smart meter shipments by region (EU23+2 2010–2016) .110
Figure 5.5: Smart metering capital expenditure forecast (EU23+2 2010–2016) .....112
Figure 5.6: Estimated capital cost for some smart metering projects in Europe .....113
Figure 5.7: Breakdown of costs for smart metering projects in Western Europe ....114
Figure 6.1: Smart meter contracts by country (Northern Europe 2010).....119
Figure 6.2: SM-contracts in the Nordic region by meter supplier and contractor (2011) ......120
Figure 6.3: Top 10 electricity DSOs (Sweden, 2011)......122
Figure 6.4: SM contracts awarded by top 10 DSOs in Sweden...124
Figure 6.5: SM vendor selection of medium sized DSOs in Sweden (2009) ....125
Figure 6.6: Features of smart meters in Sweden.....126
Figure 6.7: Communication technologies of smart meters in Sweden ......127
Figure 6.8: Top 10 electricity DSOs (Denmark, 2011)....129
Figure 6.9: Major SM projects in Denmark (June 2011).131
Figure 6.10: Top 10 electricity DSOs (Finland, 2011).....133
Figure 6.11: Top 50 SM contracts in Finland (June 2011) ....134
Figure 6.12: Top 10 electricity DSOs (Norway, 2011) ....139
Figure 6.13: Major SM projects in Norway (June 2011) .142
Figure 7.1: Major smart electricity metering projects in Western Europe (June 2011) ...143
Figure 7.2: Top 10 electricity and gas DSOs (Austria, 2011) 145
Figure 7.3: Electricity and gas network operators (Belgium, 2011) ....147
Figure 7.4: Top 50 electricity DSOs (Germany, 2011)....152
Figure 7.5: Major smart metering projects in Germany (2011) ....155
Figure 7.6: Electricity and gas DSOs (Netherlands, 2011)....159
Figure 7.7: Electricity DSOs (UK, 2011).....163
Figure 7.8: Gas DSOs (UK, 2010)164
Figure 7.9: Domestic electricity and gas retailer market shares (UK, 2010) .....164
Figure 7.10: Key milestones for the UK smart metering programme..167
Figure 8.1: Major smart electricity metering projects in Southern Europe (June 2011)..169
Figure 8.2: Top 20 electricity and gas DSOs (Italy, 2011) .....171
Figure 8.3: Major electricity and gas DSOs (Spain, 2011) ....175
Figure 8.4: Top 5 DSOs (Portugal, 2011) ..179
Figure 9.1: Smart electricity metering projects in Central Eastern Europe (June 2011).183
Figure 9.2: Electricity DSOs and smart meters under contract (Bulgaria, 2011) .....185
Figure 9.3: Top 5 DSOs (Czech Republic, 2011) ....187
Figure 9.4: Electricity DSOs (Poland, 2011) .....189
Figure 9.5: Electricity DSOs (Slovenia, 2011)...191
Figure 10.1: Telegestore annual operational data (Italy, 2010)....194
Figure 10.2: Conceptual system architechture for ERDF's smart metering system 198
Figure 10.3: Estimated cost of Energa's smart metering project .207
Figure 10.4: Comparision of data collection performance for PLC/RF/GPRS...210
Figure 10.5: Calculated NPV for smart metering rollout options in Ireland 211
Figure 10.6: Estimated cost for smart electricity meters and network equipment ...212
Figure 10.7: Estimated overhead costs for smart metering in Ireland 213
Figure 10.8: Estimated capital cost for a smart metering rollout in Ireland214
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Electric power energy Industry: Smart Metering – World 2011
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Nicolas Bombourg
Reportlinker
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