Smart Metering in North America and Asia-Pacific - 2nd Edition
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Smart Metering in North America and Asia-Pacific – 2nd Edition
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Summary
Executive Summary
Smart grid is one of the latest buzzwords in the energy sector and has become a catchphrase for politicians, academics and industry leaders alike. The vision is to exploit the latest technology to address the immense challenge of securing the energy supply in the 21st century. The concept of smart grids is at times put forward as a revolutionary solution to a wide array of problems, ranging from the West's dependency on Middle Eastern oil to global warming. A more realistic expectation is however that smart grid technology will contribute to improved efficiency and reliability in energy distribution and better optimisation in allocation of resources and utilisation of assets. Smart metering is widely regarded as the cornerstone for future smart grids. In the history of metering technology, smart metering represents the third stage in a chain of developments spanning more than 100 years.
Manually read meters have been around since the advent of the utility industry in the late 19th century. Over the last three decades, automated meter reading (AMR) based on one-way or two-way communication has evolved. Smart metering broadens the scope of AMR beyond just meter readings with additional features enabled by two-way data communication. A smart metering solution generally delivers a range of applications using an infrastructure comprising networked meters, communication networks and data collection and management systems. Smart electricity meters are being introduced all over the developed world. North America and Asia-Pacific are two of the most dynamic market regions that will see massive projects realised over the next five to ten years. Berg Insight forecasts that the installed base of smart electricity meters in North America will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 22.5 percent between 2010 and 2016 to reach 87.4 million units at the end of the period. Asia- Pacific is projected to see the installed base of smart meters soar from a low level to 378.1 million units by 2016.
North America has the world's highest penetration of automatic meter reading, exceeding 50 percent. Over the past years, many of the largest utilities in the US have embarked on ambitious smart grid schemes where one of the main objectives is to deploy second generation advanced metering infrastructure. AEP, PG&E, Southern California Edison, Southern Company, Florida Power & Light and Oncor are some of the largest utility groups having committed to full-scale rollouts to all customers. Furthermore there are numerous projects among medium sized and small utilities throughout the country. National and state policies play a major role in shaping developments. The US market received a major boost through the Obama Administration's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that includes US$ 43 billion ear-marked for the energy sector plus tax incentives. A number of states, including California, Texas, Florida and Pennsylvania have approved utility plans for massive smart meter deployments, while others such as Virginia have turned down major project proposals. In Canada, the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia have introduced mandatory requirements for smart electricity meters for all customers. Hydro-Québec announced Canada's largest project to date in 2011, involving 4.0 million metering points. East Asia is in the earliest phase of the adoption of smart metering technology. Large-scale rollouts to residential customers have only recently begun in Japan and South Korea, while China remains in the piloting stage. National and industry leaders do however have clear visions for the adoption of the technology over the course of this decade. South Korea has adopted a national plan for the construction of a smart grid by 2020.
Japan already has the world's most advanced power grid monitoring systems in place and several of the leading utilities have announced plans for smart meter deployments over the next ten years. China is investing massively in the expansion of the nation's energy infrastructure to keep up with the rapidly increasing power demand. The country has begun deploying a new generation of more advanced electricity meters, which are prepared for two-way communication. China has however not yet decided on any final standards for smart grid networking. Although the country is on track to reach near 100 percent penetration for smart meters that support communication by 2015, there is not yet any infrastructure in place to network them into a nationwide smart grid. Australia and New Zealand began massive installations of smart meters at the end of the last decade. Adoption is driven by regulations in the case of Australia and by the main industry players in New Zealand.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents. i
List of Figures.. vi
Executive summary1
1 Smart grids and intelligent meters3
1.1 Introduction to smart grids 3
1.2 Smart metering 6
1.2.1 Smart metering applications 6
1.2.2 Smart metering infrastructure10
1.2.3 Benefits of smart metering .13
1.3 Project strategies .15
1.3.1 System design and sourcing 15
1.3.2 Rollout and integration .16
1.3.3 Implementation and operation .17
1.3.4 Communicating with customers .17
1.4 Regulatory issues 18
1.4.1 Models for the introduction of smart meters .18
1.4.2 Standardisation 19
1.4.3 Individual rights issues.20
2 PLC and wireless communication technologies 21
2.1 PLC versus wireless communication.21
2.1.1 PLC point-to-multipoint 21
2.1.2 Wireless Mesh point-to-multipoint..22
2.1.3 Cellular networks point-to-point ..24
2.1.4 Home area networking.25
2.2 PLC technology and vendors25
2.2.1 Industry associations and standards 26
2.2.2 Tier one semiconductor companies .29
2.2.3 Advanced Digital Design.32
2.2.4 CURRENT32
2.2.5 Leaguer Microelectronics33
2.2.6 Topscomm .33
2.2.7 Yitran Communications 33
2.3 Wireless technology and vendors ..34
2.3.1 Industry initiatives and standards34
2.3.2 Cinterion ..37
2.3.3 Coronis .38
2.3.4 Ember38
2.3.5 Sierra Wireless..39
2.3.6 Sigma Designs .40
2.3.7 Simcom 40
2.3.8 Telit .40
3 Smart metering industry players.43
3.1 Meter vendors43
3.1.1 Landis+Gyr 44
3.1.2 Itron 48
3.1.3 Elster..51
3.1.4 Aichi Tokei Denki.54
3.1.5 EDMI..54
3.1.6 GE Energy ..55
3.1.7 Holley Metering 56
3.1.8 Linyang Electronics 56
3.1.9 LSIS 57
3.1.10 Osaki Electric.57
3.1.11 Sanxing Electric58
3.1.12 Schneider Electric ..58
3.1.13 Secure Meters ..59
3.1.14 Sensus..59
3.1.15 Wasion..60
3.1.16 Second tier Chinese meter vendors..60
3.2 Smart grid solution providers 63
3.2.1 Aclara 63
3.2.2 Ambient 64
3.2.3 Arcadian Networks .65
3.2.4 Arc Innovations.65
3.2.5 Cooper Power Systems ..66
3.2.6 Comverge66
3.2.7 Echelon 67
3.2.8 Eastsoft.68
3.2.9 FXXC..68
3.2.10 KDN 68
3.2.11 Nighthawk ..68
3.2.12 NURI Telecom..69
3.2.13 Omni System.70
3.2.14 Ruggedcom70
3.2.15 Silver Spring Networks.70
3.2.16 SmartSynch71
3.2.17 Tantalus72
3.2.18 Trilliant ..72
3.2.19 Tropos Networks .73
3.3 MDMS and middleware vendors .74
3.3.1 Ecologic Analytics ..74
3.3.2 eMeter ..75
3.3.3 EnergyICT75
3.3.4 NorthStar Utilities Solutions ..76
3.3.5 Oracle 76
3.3.6 OSIsoft..77
3.3.7 SAP.77
3.4 System integrators and managed service providers.78
3.4.1 IT industry players ..78
3.4.2 Telecom industry players 79
4 Market analysis 83
4.1 North America83
4.1.1 Market forecast.84
4.1.2 Technology trends .85
4.1.3 Industry analysis..86
4.2 East Asia ..89
4.2.1 Market forecast.90
4.2.2 Technology trends .91
4.2.3 Industry analysis..92
4.3 Australia and New Zealand.94
4.3.1 Market forecast.94
4.3.2 Technology trends .95
4.3.3 Industry analysis..96
5 North America ..97
5.1 Regional summary..97
5.2 United States .99
5.2.1 Electricity and gas utilities..99
5.2.2 Federal smart grid and metering initiatives.104
5.2.3 Regional overview: Northeast 106
5.2.4 Regional overview: Midwest109
5.2.5 Regional overview: South.112
5.2.6 Regional overview: West ..117
5.3 Canada ..120
5.3.1 Electricity and gas utilities120
5.3.2 Ontario's smart meter rollout..122
5.3.3 Smart metering initiatives in other provinces .126
6 Asia-Pacific..129
6.1 Regional summary129
6.2 China131
6.2.1 Electricity industry structure131
6.2.2 Smart grid and metering initiatives .132
6.3 Japan..134
6.3.1 Electricity and gas utility industry structure 134
6.3.2 Smart grid and metering initiatives .135
6.4 South Korea.136
6.4.1 Electricity and gas utility industry structure 136
6.4.2 National smart grid plan for 2020.137
6.5 Australia .138
6.5.1 Electricity and gas utility industry structure 138
6.5.2 Regulation driven deployments of smart meters .139
6.6 New Zealand142
6.6.1 Electricity industry structure142
6.6.2 Industry driven deployments of smart meters ..144
7 Case studies ..147
7.1 North America.147
7.1.1 Pacific Gas & Electric .147
7.1.2 Sempra Energy .149
7.1.3 Florida Power & Light.150
7.1.4 Hydro-Québec151
7.1.5 BC Hydro..152
7.2 East Asia 153
7.2.1 State Grid Corporation of China153
7.2.2 Kansai Electric Power.156
7.2.3 KEPCO ..156
7.3 Australia and New Zealand..158
7.3.1 Ausgrid ..158
7.3.2 Jemena and UED.159
7.3.3 SP AusNet 160
7.3.4 Vector .161
Glossary .163
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle..9
Figure 1.2: Smart metering infrastructure 11
Figure 1.3: Examples of smart electricity meters.12
Figure 2.1: PLC point-to-multipoint communication infrastructure.22
Figure 2.2: Wireless Mesh point-to-multipoint communication infrastructure..23
Figure 2.3: Cellular point-to-point communication infrastructure24
Figure 2.4: Selected members of HomePlug Powerline Alliance by industry ..28
Figure 2.5: Selected members of ZigBee Alliance by industry 35
Figure 3.1: Energy meter vendor company data (World/Asia/North America, FY2010) .44
Figure 3.2: Landis+Gyr smart metering product portfolio (North America/Australia 2011)..45
Figure 3.3: Itron smart metering product portfolio (North America 2011) ..49
Figure 3.4: Elster smart metering product portfolio (North America/Australia 2011) 53
Figure 4.1: Smart meter shipments and penetration rate (North America 2010–2016) ..84
Figure 4.2: Smart metering capital expenditure by category (North America 2009–2015)85
Figure 4.3: Smart electricity meter supplier market shares (NA Q3-2011).87
Figure 4.4: Smart electricity meter communication provider market shares (NA Q3-2011) .88
Figure 4.5: Smart meter shipments and penetration rate (East Asia 2010–2016)..90
Figure 4.6: Smart metering related IPOs and acquisitions in East Asia (2010/2011)93
Figure 4.7: Smart meter shipments and penetration rate (Australia & NZ 2010–2016) ..95
Figure 5.1: Top 10 confirmed smart metering projects in North America (Q2-2011)98
Figure 5.2: Top 50 electricity utilities (US 2011) 100
Figure 5.3: Top 25 gas utilities (US 2011).103
Figure 5.4: List of major smart meter projects receiving federal grants 105
Figure 5.5: Major smart metering contracts from investor-owned utilities (US 2011) 108
Figure 5.6: Selected smart metering contracts from public utilities (US 2011) .111
Figure 5.7: Selected smart metering contracts from cooperative utilities (US 2011).116
Figure 5.8: Top 25 electricity utilities (Canada 2011) .121
Figure 5.9: Smart meter vendor market shares (Ontario).124
Figure 5.10: Top 25 electricity smart metering projects in Canada.125
Figure 6.1: Major smart metering projects in the Asia-Pacific region (2011) .130
Figure 6.2: List of electricity utilities in Japan (2010)..135
Figure 6.3: Top five electricity and gas utilities in South Korea (2010) .137
Figure 6.4: Electricity and gas utilities in Australia (2010) 139
Figure 6.5: Summary of cost benefit analysis for smart meters in Australia ..140
Figure 6.6: Smart metering contracts in Victoria, Australia .141
Figure 6.7: Electricity retailer market shares (New Zealand, Q2-2011) .143
Figure 6.8: Metering service providers in New Zealand and smart meter contracts..144
Figure 7.1: Results of SGCC's centralised meter tenders during 2010.155
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Nicolas Bombourg
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