SS&C Technologies Reports Q3 2018 Results

Q3 2018 GAAP revenue $992.4 million, up 137.3 percent, Fully Diluted GAAP Earnings Per Share $0.23, down 23.3 percent

Adjusted revenue $1,002.9 million, up 139.1 percent, Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share $0.79, up 58.0 percent

News provided by

Oct 31, 2018, 16:05 ET

WINDSOR, Conn., Oct. 31, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: SSNC), a global provider of investment and financial software-enabled services and software, today announced its financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2018.

GAAP Results

SS&C reported GAAP revenue of $992.4 million for the third quarter of 2018, up 137.3 percent compared to $418.2 million in the third quarter of 2017. GAAP operating income for the third quarter of 2018 was $180.6 million, or 18.2 percent of GAAP revenue, compared to $103.9 million, or 24.8 percent of GAAP revenue, in 2017's third quarter, representing a 73.8 percent increase.

GAAP net income for the third quarter of 2018 was $57.0 million, down 11.2 percent compared to $64.2 million in 2017's third quarter. On a fully diluted GAAP basis, earnings per share in the third quarter of 2018 were $0.23 per share, down 23.3 percent compared to $0.30 earnings per share on a fully diluted GAAP basis in the third quarter of 2017.

Adjusted Non-GAAP Results (defined in Notes 1-4 below)

Adjusted revenue was $1,002.9 million for the third quarter of 2018, up 139.1 percent compared to $419.5 million in the third quarter of 2017. Adjusted operating income for the third quarter of 2018 was $344.7 million, or 34.4 percent of adjusted revenue, compared to $170.1 million, or 40.5 percent of adjusted revenue, in 2017's third quarter, representing a 102.6 percent increase.

Adjusted net income for the third quarter of 2018 was $199.8 million, up 89.4 percent compared to $105.5 million in 2017's third quarter. Adjusted diluted earnings per share in the third quarter of 2018 were $0.79 per share, up 58.0 percent compared to $0.50 per share in the third quarter of 2017.

Third Quarter Highlights:

Adjusted net income was $199.8 million for Q3 2018, increasing 89.4 percent from Q3 2017's adjusted net income of $105.5 million.
Adjusted consolidated EBITDA increased 104.6 percent to $365.9 million in Q3 2018. Adjusted consolidated EBITDA margin was 36.5 percent for the quarter.
Paid down $641.2 million in debt since acquiring DST Systems, bringing our leverage ratio to 4.02 times consolidated EBITDA as of September 30, 2018.
On September 6, 2018, SS&C announced a definitive agreement to acquire Intralinks Holdings, Inc. for a total consideration of $1.5 billion. The purchase price will consist of $1 billion in cash and $500 million in SS&C stock, with the per share price of the stock based on the volume weighted average trading price for 30 trading days prior to closing.

"SS&C Technologies is pleased to report Q3 2018 adjusted revenue of $1,002.9 million, and adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.79, a strong beat of our previous guidance," said Bill Stone, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. "We were able to manage our expenses at both DST and core SS&C better than we anticipated, and had solid growth anchored in multi-term renewals in our Institutional and Investment Management business, a high margin business. The acquisition of Eze Software closed October 1, and we are pleased with the early integration efforts. We also announced our intention to acquire Intralinks, a strong business with high growth characteristics and world class technology. We believe this acquisition will strengthen SS&C's technology stack and contribute to our revenue growth goals."

Operating Cash Flow

SS&C generated net cash from operating activities of $322.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $308.5 million for the same period in 2017, representing a 4.5 percent increase. Operating cash flow was impacted by approximately $210.0 million of transaction costs related to the acquisition of DST Systems. SS&C ended the third quarter with $732.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and $6,759.4 million in gross debt, for a net debt balance of $6,027.2 million. SS&C's consolidated net leverage ratio as defined in our credit agreement stood at 4.02 times consolidated EBITDA as of September 30, 2018.

Guidance

	Q4 2018		FY 2018
Adjusted Revenue ($M)	$1,075.0 – $1,085.0			$3,421.0– $3,431.0
Adjusted Net Income ($M)	$210.0 – $220.0			$678.0 – $688.0
Cash from Operating Activities ($M)		–		$550.0 – $570.0
Capital Expenditures (% of revenue)		–		2.3% – 2.7%
Diluted Shares (M)	256.2 – 255.2			243.7 – 243.3
Effective Income Tax Rate (%)		26%		–

SS&C does not provide reconciliations of guidance for Adjusted Revenues and Adjusted Net Income to comparable GAAP measures, in reliance on the unreasonable efforts exception provided under Item 10(e)(1)(i)(B) of Regulation S-K. SS&C is unable, without unreasonable efforts, to forecast certain items required to develop meaningful comparable GAAP financial measures. These items include acquisition transactions and integration, foreign exchange rate changes, as well as other non-cash and other adjustments as defined under the Company's Credit agreement, that are difficult to predict in advance in order to include in a GAAP estimate. The unavailable information could have a significant impact on Q4 2018 and FY 2018 GAAP financial results.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted revenue, adjusted operating income, adjusted consolidated EBITDA, adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share are non-GAAP measures. See the accompanying notes for the reconciliations and definitions for each of these non-GAAP measures and the reasons our management believes these measures provide useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations.

Earnings Call and Press Release

SS&C's Q3 2018 earnings call will take place at 5:00 p.m. eastern time today, October 31, 2018. The call will discuss Q3 2018 results and our guidance and business outlook. Interested parties may dial 844-343-4183 (US and Canada) or 647-689-5128 (International), and request the "SS&C Technologies Third Quarter 2018 Conference Call"; conference ID #5254116. A replay will be available after 8:00 p.m. eastern time on October 31, 2018, until midnight on November 6, 2018. The replay dial-in number is 800-585-8367 or 416-621-4642; access code #5254116. The call will also be available for replay on SS&C's website after October 31, 2018; access: http://investor.ssctech.com/results.cfm.

Certain information contained in this press release relating to, among other things, the Company's financial guidance for the fourth quarter and full year of 2018 constitute forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, expectations, intentions, projections, developments, future events, performance, underlying assumptions, and other statements that are other than statements of historical facts. Without limiting the foregoing, the words "believes", "anticipates", "plans", "expects", "estimates", "projects", "forecasts", "may", "assume", "intend", "will", "continue", "opportunity", "predict", "potential", "future", "guarantee", "likely", "target", "indicate", "would", "could" and "should" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements are accompanied by such words. Such statements reflect management's best judgment based on factors currently known but are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the state of the economy and the financial services industry and other industries in which the Company's clients operate, the Company's ability to realize anticipated benefits from its acquisitions, including DST Systems, the effect of the customer consolidation on demand for the Company's products and services, the increasing focus of the Company's business on the hedge fund industry, the variability of revenue as a result of activity in the securities markets, the ability to retain and attract clients, fluctuations in customer demand for the Company's products and services, the intensity of competition with respect to the Company's products and services, the exposure to litigation and other claims, terrorist activities and other catastrophic events, disruptions, attacks or failures affecting the Company's software-enabled services, risks associated with the Company's foreign operations, privacy concerns relating to the collection and storage of person information, evolving regulations and increased scrutiny from regulators, the Company's ability to protect intellectual property assets and litigation regarding intellectual property rights, delays in product development, investment decisions concerning cash balances, regulatory and tax risks, risks associated with the Company's joint ventures, changes in accounting standards, risks related to the Company's substantial indebtedness, the market price of the Company's stock prevailing from time to time, and the risks discussed in the "Risk Factors" section of the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which are on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and can also be accessed on our website. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made and, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

About SS&C Technologies

SS&C is a global provider of investment and financial software-enabled services and software for the global financial services and healthcare industries. Founded in 1986, SS&C is headquartered in Windsor, Connecticut and has offices around the world. Some 13,000 financial services and healthcare organizations, from the world's largest institutions to local firms, manage and account for their investments using SS&C's products and services.

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SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenues:
Software-enabled services	$	827.3	$	282.1	$	1,863.7	$	831.1
License, maintenance and related		165.1		136.1		446.4		405.8
Total revenues		992.4		418.2		2,310.1		1,236.9
Cost of revenues:
Software-enabled services		502.7		155.5		1,193.1		468.4
License, maintenance and related		77.4		64.3		220.0		192.6
Total cost of revenues		580.1		219.8		1,413.1		661.0
Gross profit		412.3		198.4		897.0		575.9
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		50.9		28.1		136.3		88.5
Research and development		85.7		37.4		214.2		114.9
General and administrative		93.2		29.0		233.4		88.9
Transaction expenses		1.9		—		96.4		—
Total operating expenses		231.7		94.5		680.3		292.3
Operating income		180.6		103.9		216.7		283.6
Interest expense, net		(78.1)		(26.3)		(173.7)		(81.6)
Other income (expense), net		13.7		(2.5)		14.8		(3.8)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net		1.7		—		2.8		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		—		(44.4)		(2.3)
Income before income taxes		117.9		75.1		16.2		195.9
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		60.9		10.9		(28.3)		32.4
Net income	$	57.0	$	64.2	$	44.5	$	163.5

Basic earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.31	$	0.20	$	0.80
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.23	$	0.30	$	0.19	$	0.77

Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding		239.9		205.6		228.1		204.5
Diluted weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding		252.6		212.4		239.5		211.1

Cash dividends declared and paid per common share	$	0.08	$	0.07	$	0.22	$	0.195

Net income		57.0		64.2		44.5		163.5
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency exchange translation adjustment		(54.2)		19.9		(84.6)		51.7
Total comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax		(54.2)		19.9		(84.6)		51.7
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	2.8	$	84.1	$	(40.1)	$	215.2

SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions)
(unaudited)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	732.2	$	64.1
Funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients		604.3		—
Accounts receivable, net		614.7		243.9
Contract asset		10.0		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		127.4		38.7
Prepaid income taxes		34.4		12.2
Restricted cash		13.8		0.6
Total current assets		2,136.8		359.5
Investments		474.8		—
Property, plant and equipment, net		556.3		100.9
Deferred income taxes		2.3		2.3
Contract asset		26.6		—
Goodwill		6,507.6		3,707.8
Intangible and other assets, net		3,574.6		1,369.0
Total assets	$	13,279.0	$	5,539.5
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	71.1	$	37.9
Client funds obligations		604.3		—
Accounts payable		36.5		27.1
Income taxes payable		—		6.0
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		260.0		96.0
Interest payable		1.8		16.4
Other accrued expenses		191.6		55.6
Deferred revenue		190.3		204.6
Total current liabilities		1,355.6		443.6
Long-term debt, net of current portion		6,615.0		2,007.3
Other long-term liabilities		237.6		118.7
Deferred income taxes		847.8		283.5
Total liabilities		9,056.0		2,853.1
Total stockholders' equity		4,223.0		2,686.4
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	13,279.0	$	5,539.5

SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions)
(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income	$	44.5	$	163.5
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		342.9		176.9
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net		(2.8)		—
Stock-based compensation expense		76.1		31.6
Net unrealized gains on investments		(10.6)		—
Amortization and write-offs of loan origination costs and original issue discounts		9.5		7.9
Loss on extinguishment of debt		44.4		2.3
Loss on sale or disposition of property and equipment		0.3		0.7
Deferred income taxes		(105.9)		(24.6)
Provision for doubtful accounts		1.8		2.8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effects from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		40.0		1.8
Prepaid expenses and other assets		23.9		1.4
Contract assets		24.3		—
Accounts payable		(86.8)		8.6
Accrued expenses		(11.2)		(45.6)
Income taxes prepaid and payable		(28.7)		6.8
Deferred revenue		(39.3)		(25.6)
Net cash provided by operating activities		322.4		308.5
Cash flow from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment		(28.5)		(29.8)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		9.6		—
Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(4,633.6)		1.8
Additions to capitalized software		(29.3)		(8.1)
Investments in securities		(15.4)		—
Proceeds from sales / maturities of investments		27.8		—
Proceeds from unconsolidated affiliates		0.3		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,669.1)		(36.1)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Cash received from debt borrowings, net of original issue discount		6,873.7		45.0
Repayments of debt and acquired debt		(2,856.1)		(337.8)
Net increase in client funds obligations		193.2		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		74.8		46.3
Withholding taxes paid related to equity award net share settlement		(12.7)		(4.1)
Fees paid for debt extinguishment and refinancing activities		(68.7)		(1.4)
Proceeds from common stock issuance, net		1,399.0		—
Dividends paid on common stock		(50.7)		(39.9)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		5,552.5		(291.9)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		2.5		3.8
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		1,208.3		(15.7)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		64.7		119.7
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,273.0	$	104.0

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	732.2	$	103.4
Restricted cash		13.8		0.6
Funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients		527.0		—
	$	1,273.0	$	104.0

SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Disclosures Relating to Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Note 1. Reconciliation of Revenues to Adjusted Revenues

Adjusted revenues represents revenues adjusted to include a) amounts that would have been recognized if deferred revenue were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisition and b) amounts that would have been recognized if not for adjustments to deferred revenue and retained earnings related to the adoption of ASC 606. Adjusted revenues is presented because we use this measure to evaluate performance of our business against prior periods and believe it is a useful indicator of the underlying performance of the Company's business. Adjusted revenues is not a recognized term under generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Adjusted revenues does not represent revenues, as that term is defined under GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to revenues as an indicator of our operating performance. Adjusted revenues as presented herein is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Below is a reconciliation of adjusted revenues to revenues, the GAAP measure we believe to be most directly comparable to adjusted revenues.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenues	$	992.4	$	418.2	$	2,310.1	$	1,236.9
ASC 606 adoption impact		7.2		-		28.6		-
Purchase accounting adjustments impact on revenue		3.3		1.3		7.2		6.2
Adjusted revenues	$	1,002.9	$	419.5	$	2,345.9	$	1,243.1

The following is a breakdown of software-enabled services and license, maintenance and related revenues and adjusted software-enabled services and license, maintenance and related revenues.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Software-enabled services	$	827.3	$	282.1	$	1,863.7	$	831.1
License, maintenance and related		165.1		136.1		446.4		405.8
Total revenues	$	992.4	$	418.2	$	2,310.1	$	1,236.9

Software-enabled services	$	830.5	$	282.1	$	1,869.5	$	831.1
License, maintenance and related		172.4		137.4		476.4		412.0
Total adjusted revenues	$	1,002.9	$	419.5	$	2,345.9	$	1,243.1

Note 2. Reconciliation of Operating Income to Adjusted Operating Income

Adjusted operating income represents operating income adjusted for amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation, purchase accounting adjustments for deferred revenue and related costs and other expenses. Adjusted operating income is presented because we use this measure to evaluate performance of our business and believe it is a useful indicator of the underlying performance of the Company. Adjusted operating income is not a recognized term under GAAP. Adjusted operating income does not represent operating income, as that term is defined under GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income as an indicator of our operating performance. Adjusted operating income as presented herein is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures by other companies. The following is a reconciliation between adjusted operating income and operating income, the GAAP measure we believe to be most directly comparable to adjusted operating income.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Operating income	$	180.6	$	103.9	$	216.7	$	283.6
Amortization of intangible assets		114.5		52.8		275.9		158.0
Stock-based compensation		18.4		10.3		76.1		31.6
Capital-based taxes		—		0.3		—		1.0
Purchase accounting adjustments (1)		13.7		0.8		27.0		3.8
ASC 606 adoption impact		7.2		—		28.8		—
Other (2)		10.3		2.0		163.9		4.9
Adjusted operating income	$	344.7	$	170.1	$	788.4	$	482.9


(1)	Purchase accounting adjustments include (a) an adjustment to increase revenues by the amount that would have been recognized if deferred revenue were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisition, (b) an adjustment to increase personnel and commissions expense by the amount that would have been recognized if prepaid commissions and deferred personnel costs were not adjusted to fair value at the date of the acquisitions and (c) an adjustment to decrease depreciation expense by the amount that would not have been recognized if property, plant and equipment were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisition.
(2)	Other includes expenses and income that are permitted to be excluded per the terms of our Credit Agreement from Consolidated EBITDA, a financial measure used in calculating our covenant compliance. These include expenses and income related to currency transactions, facilities and workforce restructuring, legal settlements and business combinations.

Note 3. Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA, Consolidated EBITDA and Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA

EBITDA represents net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Consolidated EBITDA, defined under our Credit Agreement entered into in July 2015, as amended, is used in calculating covenant compliance, and is EBITDA adjusted for certain items. Consolidated EBITDA is calculated by subtracting from or adding to EBITDA items of income or expense described below. Adjusted consolidated EBITDA is calculated by subtracting acquired EBITDA (as defined below) from consolidated EBITDA. EBITDA, consolidated EBITDA and adjusted consolidated EBITDA are presented because we use these measures to evaluate performance of our business and believe them to be useful indicators of an entity's debt capacity and its ability to service debt. EBITDA, consolidated EBITDA and adjusted consolidated EBITDA are not recognized terms under GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to operating income, net income or cash flows from operating activities as indicators of our operating performance. These measures are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures by other companies. The following is a reconciliation of EBITDA, consolidated EBITDA and adjusted consolidated EBITDA to net income.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Twelve Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018
Net income	$	57.0	$	64.2	$	44.5	$	163.5	$	209.8
Interest expense, net		78.1		26.3		173.7		81.6		199.6
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		60.9		10.9		(28.3)		32.4		(106.9)
Depreciation and amortization		146.2		59.7		342.9		176.9		403.2
EBITDA		342.2		161.1		532.8		454.4		705.7
Stock-based compensation		18.4		10.3		76.1		31.6		86.1
Capital-based taxes		—		0.3		—		1.0		(0.7)
Acquired EBITDA and cost savings (1)		9.8		0.4		272.7		3.6		471.6
Non-cash portion of straight-line rent expense		(0.1)		1.8		(0.2)		2.4		1.7
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		—		44.4		2.3		44.4
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates		(1.7)		—		(2.8)		—		(2.8)
Purchase accounting adjustments (2)		3.2		0.8		8.0		3.8		8.6
ASC 606 adoption impact		7.2		—		28.8		—		28.9
Other (3)		(3.3)		4.5		149.3		8.7		155.8
Consolidated EBITDA	$	375.7	$	179.2	$	1,109.1	$	507.8	$	1,499.3
Less: acquired EBITDA		(9.8)		(0.4)		(272.7)		(3.6)		(471.6)
Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA	$	365.9	$	178.8	$	836.4	$	504.2	$	1,027.7


(1)	Acquired EBITDA reflects the EBITDA impact of significant businesses that were acquired during the period as if the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the period, as well as cost savings enacted in connection with acquisitions.
(2)	Purchase accounting adjustments include (a) an adjustment to increase revenues by the amount that would have been recognized if deferred revenue were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisition, (b) an adjustment to increase personnel and commissions expense by the amount that would have been recognized if prepaid commissions and deferred personnel costs were not adjusted to fair value at the date of the acquisitions and (c) an adjustment to decrease depreciation expense by the amount that would not have been recognized if property, plant and equipment were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisition.
(3)	Other includes expenses and income that are permitted to be excluded per the terms of our Credit Agreement from Consolidated EBITDA, a financial measure used in calculating our covenant compliance. These include expenses and income related to currency transactions, facilities and workforce restructuring, legal settlements and business combinations.

Note 4. Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted Net Income and Diluted Earnings Per Share to Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share

Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share represent net income and earnings per share before amortization of intangible assets and deferred financing costs, stock-based compensation, capital-based taxes and other items. We consider adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share to be important to management and investors because they represent our operational performance exclusive of the effects of amortization of intangible assets and deferred financing costs, stock-based compensation, capital-based taxes, other unusual and non-recurring items, purchase accounting adjustments, and loss on extinguishment of debt that are not operational in nature or comparable to those of our competitors. Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share are not recognized terms under GAAP. Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share do not represent net income or diluted earnings per share, as those terms are defined under GAAP, and should not be considered as alternatives to net income or diluted earnings per share as indicators of our operating performance. Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share as presented herein are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share to net income and diluted earnings per share, the GAAP measures we believe to be most directly comparable to adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)	2018		2017		2018		2017
GAAP – Net income	$	57.0	$	64.2	$	44.5	$	163.5
Plus: Amortization of intangible assets		114.5		52.8		275.9		158.0
Plus: Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discount		3.4		2.7		9.4		8.0
Plus: Stock-based compensation		18.4		10.3		76.1		31.6
Plus: Capital-based taxes		—		0.3		—		1.0
Plus: Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		—		44.4		2.3
Plus: Purchase accounting adjustments (1)		13.7		0.8		27.0		3.8
Plus: ASC 606 adoption impact		7.2		—		28.8		—
Less: Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates		(1.7)		—		(2.8)		—
(Less) Plus: Other (2)		(3.3)		4.5		149.3		8.7
Income tax effect (3)		(9.4)		(30.1)		(184.2)		(82.2)
Adjusted net income	$	199.8	$	105.5	$	468.4	$	294.7
Adjusted diluted earnings per share	$	0.79	$	0.50	$	1.96	$	1.40
GAAP diluted earnings per share	$	0.23	$	0.30	$	0.19	$	0.77
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding		252.6		212.4		239.5		211.1


(1)	Purchase accounting adjustments include (a) an adjustment to increase revenues by the amount that would have been recognized if deferred revenue were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisition, (b) an adjustment to increase personnel and commissions expense by the amount that would have been recognized if prepaid commissions and deferred personnel costs were not adjusted to fair value at the date of the acquisitions and (c) an adjustment to decrease depreciation expense by the amount that would not have been recognized if property, plant and equipment were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisition.
(2)	Other includes expenses and income that are permitted to be excluded per the terms of our Credit Agreement from Consolidated EBITDA, a financial measure used in calculating our covenant compliance. These include expenses and income related to currency transactions, facilities and workforce restructuring, legal settlements and business combinations.
(3)	An estimated normalized effective tax rate of approximately 26% and 25% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 28% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, has been used to adjust the provision for income taxes for the purpose of computing adjusted net income.