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Synthetische DNA nach Ansicht des obersten Bundesgerichts der USA patentierbar, Gensynthese und Codonoptimierung bieten möglichen Weg zur Patentierbarkeit


News provided by

GenScript USA Inc.

Jun 20, 2013, 09:00 ET

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PISCATAWAY, New Jersey, 20. Juni 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Am 13. Juni 2013, entschied das oberste US-Bundesgericht einhellig, dass cDNA (synthetische DNA) offiziell als patentierbares Material gilt, auch wenn isolierte natürliche Gensequenzen nicht patentierbar sind. Zu dieser Entscheidung kam das Gericht, nachdem es in dem aufsehenerregenden Fall der Association for Molecular Pathology gegen Myriad Genetics Patente geprüft hatte, die sich im Besitz von Myriad Genetics Inc. befinden. Die Patente schützen die Rechte an den Genen BRCA1 und BRCA2 sowie die Methoden zum Nachweis von Mutationen dieser Gene, die mit Brust- und Eierstockkrebs in Verbindung gebracht werden. Das Gericht unterstützte diesen Rechtsanspruch mit der Begründung, „cDNA sei kein ‚Naturprodukt' und somit grundsätzlich patentierbar …".

Der Gensyntheseservice von GenScript stellt eine wertvolle Methode dar, die Isolierung natürlicher DNA-Sequenzen für die biologische Forschung zu umgehen. Dieser Service liefert nicht natürliche de-novo-DNA-Sequenzen, die nach Kundenvorgaben synthetisiert werden und die Bearbeitung von natürlichen Gensequenzen oder -kassetten für den in-vivo- oder in-vitro-Gebrauch ermöglichen. Dazu gehören auch diagnostische Tests. Außerdem kann die Sequenz natürlicher Gene mithilfe der OptimumGene(TM)-Codonoptimierung, einer Technologie von GenScript, verändert werden, um die Expression der daraus entstehenden Proteine in verschiedenen Systemen zu erhöhen. Der OptimumGene(TM)Algorithmus berücksichtigt nahezu alle Parameter, die Auswirkungen auf den Prozess des zentralen Dogmas von der Transkription bis zur Proteinfaltung haben, und optimiert nachweislich die Proteinsynthese in den Expressionssystemen von Bakterien, Säugetieren, Hefen und Insekten. In Verbindung mit der Gensynthese kann die OptimumGene(TM)-Codonoptimierung neuartige, nicht natürlich vorkommende Sequenzen mit patentierbaren Merkmalen von hohem Nutzwert hervorbringen. Zum Schutz der Urheberrechte seiner Kunden beansprucht GenScript keinerlei Rechte an diesen speziellen synthetischen oder OptimumGene(TM)-codonoptimierten Genen. Die kundenspezifischen Projektdaten werden streng vertraulich behandelt, und alle Rechte am geistigen Eigentum gehören dem Kunden.

Möglicherweise ist es noch zu früh, um darüber zu spekulieren, welche Auswirkungen die Entscheidung des Gerichts auf die zukünftige Patentierbarkeit von DNA-Sequenzen haben wird. Allerdings macht die Forschung im Bereich der Molekularbiologie immer schnellere Fortschritte, daher wird die Verwendung synthetischer DNA künftig aus keinem Labor mehr wegzudenken sein. GenScript bietet Gensynthese- und Codonoptimierungslösungen die der gegenwärtigen wie auch der künftigen Gesetzeslage im Hinblick auf die Patentierung von Genen entsprechen und wird auch weiterhin alles daran setzen, Innovationen zu fördern.

*GenScript ist kein Jurist und der Inhalt dieses Artikels ist keinesfalls als rechtlicher Rat für Patentrechtsstreitigkeiten, -prozesse oder damit in Verbindung stehende Angelegenheiten zu verstehen.

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