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'Tesoura Molecular' para Genômica de Plantas Desenvolvida na KAUST
  • Latin America - español


News provided by

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Feb 23, 2011, 05:10 ET

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THUWAL, Arábia Saudita, 23 de fevereiro de 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Pesquisadores da Universidade de Ciência e Tecnologia King Abdullah (KAUST, sigla em inglês) desenvolveram uma tecnologia inovadora que poderia melhorar a qualidade, produtividade e resistência a doenças das atuais variedades de culturas. As implicações para a ciência agrícola são profundas.  

Num trabalho publicado nos Procedimentos da Academia Nacional de Ciências dos EUA (Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA – PNAS, sigla em inglês), em 24 de janeiro de 2011, o Doutor Magdy Mahfouz e a equipe pesquisadora discutem uma nova maneira de geneticamente manipular plantas para que tolerem ambientes agressivos. Regiões como as da Arábia Saudita e do Oriente Médio, onde a quantidade e a qualidade da água são limitadas, poderiam beneficiar-se com o plantio de culturas manipuladas para tolerância ao estresse, o que não somente trataria o problema das necessidades nutricionais de uma população em crescimento, mas poderia pavimentar o caminho para colheitas excedentes, a serem exportadas para mercados restritivos a geneticamente manipulados, como o do Japão.

O Dr. Mahfouz trabalha no Centro de Pesquisa Genômica para o Estresse em Plantas, na KAUST, dirigido pelo Professor Jian-Kang Zhu. Esta última pesquisa está em exato alinhamento com o desejo expresso de seu fundador, de que a KAUST deveria trazer benefícios de pesquisa inovadora e o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento econômico da região, com a promessa de benefícios mundiais.

Doutor Mahfouz desenvolveu uma "ferramenta de reparo" (tesoura molecular), feita de proteína, que faz duas coisas: encontra a exata localização, no genoma, onde se deverá fazer o corte, usando um "código postal" genético, e então apaga, adiciona ou edita o gene com grande acuidade e precisão.

O trabalho do Dr. Mahfouz tem o potencial para aplicações ainda mais amplas, incluindo a saúde humana. Esta nova tecnologia poderia melhorar a técnica que pode ser usada para substituir "bons" genes por maus, ou para extirpar ou deter genes defeituosos que causam doenças.

Ao comentar sobre a pesquisa, o reitor da KAUST, Stefan Catsicas viu a tecnologia como um ineditismo científico e, se a patente eventualmente for bem-sucedida, como um promissor potencial de receita.

A Dra. Nina Fedoroff, professora de Ciências da Vida na Universidade Penn State, disse que o trabalho de Mahfouz demonstra a praticabilidade da criação de enzimas de corte de DNA, talhadas para secionar uma sequencia-alvo com alta especificidade. Este é um excelente passo dianteiro na direção da criação de melhoramentos genéticos muito específicos em culturas de plantas, ao mesmo tempo em que evita os riscos potenciais, que preocupam muitas pessoas, com estratégias de modificações genéticas mais convencionais. Além do mais, o trabalho dá a primeira evidência de que esta estratégia particular vai funcionar em  plantas". A professora Fedoroff está  "encantada em ver tais contribuições de ponta surgindo de uma universidade tão jovem com a KAUST!"

O Dr. Bengt Norden, professor de Físico-química na Chalmers Universidade de Tecnologia, Suécia, e antigo diretor do Comitê de Química para o Prêmio Nobel comentou "que é muito agradável ver que a KAUST produziu agora uma contribuição inédita no campo da ciência da vida. O trabalho de Mahfouz tem grande impacto e conecta com descobertas anteriores pelo prêmio Nobel, Sir Aaron Klug, de que dedos de zinco (proteínas) reconhecedores de DNA, conectados com uma função de nuclease, podem ser explorados para criar, com alta seletividade, quebras de cadeia dupla no DNA, o que inicia a recombinação-inserção catalisada de uma sequencia de oligonucleotídeo com surpreendente alta eficácia. A possibilidade de levar esta manipulação do DNA para a clínica, para ' terapia de correção de gene' é assim não mais somente ficção científica".

Sobre a KAUST

A Universidade de Ciência e Tecnologia King Abdullah – King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – é uma universidade de pesquisa de nível de graduação, internacional, situada no Mar Vermelho. A Universidade tem o compromisso de avançar a ciência e a tecnologia por meio de pesquisa transdisciplinar nas mundialmente significativas áreas de energia, água, alimentos e meio ambiente.  A turma inaugural da Universidade, para 300 estudantes de mestrado, graduou-se em dezembro de 2010.

FONTE  King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

FONTE King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

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