The Advanced Automotive Batteries Report

LONDON, Feb. 13, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportbuyer.com just published a new market research report:

The Advanced Automotive Batteries Report


That vehicle electrification, and thus advanced battery development, is critical to reducing CO2 output through vehicle electrification is certain today. OEMs have explored a wide range of non-electrification options for improving fuel efficiency, including powertrain, drivetrain and mass reduction measures. However, without significant electrification the challenging CO2 regulation now being promulgated will drive OEMs out of the larger and luxury vehicle segments.

Improvements in fuel efficiency become more costly to achieve, and the penalties OEMs are subject to will become particularly onerous. Dr Christian Mohrdieck at Daimler recently commented to SupplierBusiness that none of the major European OEMs would be able to avoid electrification, as well as other technologies such as fuel cells and bio-fuels if they are to retain the breadth of product range they have today. Without electrification they would be limited to small cars.

This report looks at the key drivers of advanced battery technologies, including fuel economy, CO2 emissions, incentives for grid-connected vehicles and energy security. The value chain for automotive batteries is examined, looking at battery costs and variations and recharging infrastructure. The report then takes a detailed look at advanced automotive battery technologies, including the state of currently competing architectures such as lead acid batteries, nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium batteries, anode and cathode materials, super-capacitors and ultra-capacitors. Finally the report provides an overview of the market development and the lithium-ion value chain, looking at short term overcapacity, the value chain today and in the future, manufacturing issues, and the overall market dynamics.

The report also includes an appendix of 28 supplier profiles from suppliers of automotive batteries. These profiles provide you with relevant data on corporate strategy, investments, product offerings and contact information all built from SupplierBusiness research.

Introduction
The key to CO2 reduction
48-volt architecture
Efficient handling of multiple voltage architectures
Fundamental research requirements

Key drivers
Fuel economy and CO2 emissions
The European Union
The United States
Japan
China
Other countries
Incentives for grid-connected vehicles
The United States
The European Union
China
Japan
South Korea
Canada
India
The effect of fuel prices on demand
Energy security
Safety
Energy and power density
Cycle life
Material resources
Lithium
Rare earth elements

The Advanced Battery Value Chain
Battery costs and variations
Recharging infrastructure
Vehicle manufacturers
Charging facilities
Consumer preferences
Global
Europe
The United States
Range anxiety
Recharging time
Potential technology issues

Advanced Automotive Batteries
Enhanced lead acid batteries
Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
Lithium-ion
Cathodes
Lithium Cobalt Oxide - LiCo02
Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel - LiMn204
Lithium Iron Phosphate - LiFeP04
Lithium (NMC) - Nickel Manganese Cobalt - LiNiCo Mn02
Future cathode development
Trends in commercialised cathode materials
Anode Chemistries
New anode technologies
Silicon based anode technology
Tin based anode technology
Graphene based anode technology
Nano-Tin Carbon Graphene Anodes
Silicon-graphene anodes
CoS2 hollow spheres
Cobalt oxide
Trends in commercialised anode materials
Electrolytes and additives
Electrolyte materials
Separators
Cell packaging
Safety circuits
Battery packaging
Manufacturing issues and quality
Other battery chemistries
Zinc-Air cells
Lithium-Sulphur cells
Lithium-Air cells
Zinc-Nickel
Nickel-Hydrogen
Nickel-Sodium
Redox
Others
Super-capacitors and ultra-capacitors
Electrochemical double layer capacitors (ECDL)
Pseudo-capacitors and hybrid capacitors
Automotive applications
Competition from advanced batteries
Ultracapacitor cost evolution
Board net stabilisation
Energy storage membrane
Energy harvesting

Market Development and the Lithium-ion Value Chain
Short term overcapacity
The value chain today and in the future
Market dynamics



Figures

Figure 1: Relative CO2 reduction benefits vs. relative cost
Figure 2: Roadmap for CO2 reduction
Figure 3: Summary of relative battery and energy storage system performance
Figure 4: ESOI for various energy storage mediums
Figure 5: Stop-start system forecast global volume production
Figure 6: Projected powertrain demand scenarios
Figure 7: The development of battery chemistries
Figure 8: Comparative drivetrain costing per percentage point CO2 reduction
Figure 9: Global lithium-ion battery materials production to 2020
Figure 10: Vehicle electrification roadmap
Figure 11: The lithium-ion cost reduction challenge
Figure 12: Additional functionality requires higher voltages – 48 volts
Figure 13: A schematic of a battery using a Graphene structure anode
Figure 14: An electron microscope image showing the interaction between different states of matter
Figure 15: CO2 (g/km) performance and standards in the EU new cars 1994–2011
Figure 16: The effect of alternative German proposals for CO2 reduction regulation for Europe
Figure 17: US targets for future GHG reductions (% reduction from 2005 levels)
Figure 18: Global mandatory automobile efficiency and GHG standards
Figure 19: Global passenger car and light vehicles emission legislation progress 2005–2025
Figure 20: US Regular Gasoline prices $/gallon, January 2011 to June 2013
Figure 21: The interaction between battery and fuel costs determines the market size for EVs
Figure 22: Comparison of average well-to-wheel CO2 emissions of ICEs with those of EVs powered by the average EU electricity mix
Figure 23: US oil security ranking
Figure 24: The energy density of different fuels
Figure 25: A ragone plot illustrating relative power and energy densities for various battery chemistries
Figure 26: Specific power (W/kg) versus specific energy (Wh/kg) and requirements for different uses
Figure 27: Specific power (W/kg) versus specific energy (Wh/kg)
Figure 28: Lithium demand forecast to 2020
Figure 29: Global consumption of lithium in rechargeable batteries by end use 2002–2017
Figure 30: Rare earth importance to clean energy applications versus supply risk
Figure 31: Rare earth supply and demand to 2005–2020
Figure 32: Lithium-ion battery cell costs breakdown
Figure 33: Experience curve effects on cost per KWh for NiMH and Li-ion batteries
Figure 34: Level 2 charging units from Advanced Energy
Figure 35: SAE J1772 Connectors
Figure 36: SAE J1772 Combined Plug
Figure 37: WPT charging schematic
Figure 38: Evatran's aftermarket available charging system
Figure 39: European and US consumer expectations of plug-in hybrid range (miles)
Figure 40: EV driving range as a function of ambient temperature
Figure 41: Percentage of daily journeys (km) by country
Figure 42: 1990 US driving patterns (miles)
Figure 43: The effect of carbon-enhancement on lead-acid batteries
Figure 44: Charge discharge mechanism for NiMH battery
Figure 45: Lithium-ion and nanotechnology roadmap
Figure 46: Cathode performance compromises
Figure 47: Voltage versus capacity for some electrode materials
Figure 48: Trends in commercialised lithium-ion cathode materials
Figure 49: Anode trends by application
Figure 50: Anode energy density for various anode technologies
Figure 51: Silicon anode dimensional changes
Figure 52: Nexeon nano structured silicon anode material
Figure 53: SiNANOde™ silicon graphite composite anode material
Figure 54: LTO anode material
Figure 55: Trends in commercialised lithium-ion anode materials
Figure 56: Pouch cell packaging
Figure 57: Lithium-ion Cylindrical cell construction
Figure 58: Lithium-ion manufacturing process schematic
Figure 59: Zinc-Air battery systems
Figure 60: Chemistry progress roadmap to 2020
Figure 61: Redox battery technology
Figure 62: Energy density versus power density for various energy-storage devices
Figure 63: High capacitance technologies
Figure 64: ECDL ultracapacitor structure
Figure 65: Ultracapacitor used to overcome temperature sensitivity to temperature of li-ion battery pack
Figure 66: Ultracapacitor within a stop-start system
Figure 67: Ultracapacitor versus lithium-ion energy efficiency
Figure 68: Daimler powertrain evolution
Figure 69: Cell manufacturing investment to 2015
Figure 70: The Lithium-ion battery value chain
Figure 71: Hybrid and EV market volumes forecast to 2020



Tables

Table 1: Current fuel chain efficiency rates for ICEVs and EVs
Table 2: Cycles by chemistry (deep discharge)
Table 3: Cycles by chemistry (deep discharge)
Table 4: Principal uses of selected rare earth oxides
Table 5: Rare earth prices November 2013
Table 6: Battery cost evolution
Table 7: Lithium-ion battery cost breakdown
Table 8: Price forecast breakdown for 2016 for a 36-Ah EV pouch cell
Table 9: Price forecast breakdown for 2016 for a 25-Ah PHEV cell
Table 10: Cost estimate for high-power NiMH 6-Ah cell, module and pack
Table 11: Four main types of cathode technology in use today (2010)
Table 12: Comparison of typical carbon anode capacities
Table 13: Hybrid lithium-ion cell design favoured by various companies (current/ future)
Table 14: PHEV-EV lithium-ion cell design favoured by various companies (current/ future)
Table 15: Typical cycle life for storage technologies
Table 16: Number of cycles required by application
Table 17: Global large lithium-ion battery production 2013 and capacity utilisation
Table 18: Global advanced battery market 2020



Read the full report:
The Advanced Automotive Batteries Report
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