The Global Market for Distributed Energy Generation
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The Global Market for Distributed Energy Generation
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REPORT SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
BCC's goal in conducting this study was to assess and describe the current status of the worldwide distributed energy generation (DG) industry for all major technologies, and to assess the potential growth of that industry. More specifically, the study included the following objectives: (1) summarize existing DG technologies as well as promising technologies under development; (2) evaluate the existing DE industry, focusing on producers of each major viable technology; and (3) assess market potential for DE generation technologies over a 5-year period, from 2010 through 2015. This report also serves to update a previous report on the same topic that provided projections through 2013 that was completed prior to the global economic downturn that began in 2009.
REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY
Worldwide interest in alternative forms of energy production is quickly rising, driven by increased global awareness of energy-related issues including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, climate change, energy cost and security, air and water pollution, and other environmental and economic concerns. DG represents one of several potential solutions that are being widely implemented to address these issues. In many situations, increased reliance on DG sources including solar, wind, fuel cell, and other technologies will serve as a key component toward reaching climate change, energy security, and environmental goals of political entities around the globe. This study assesses market opportunities that will facilitate the implementation of DG around the world.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
We have completed a study of DG technologies along with relevant market and production information, technological descriptions and issues, applications, market factors and potential, and an overview of supporting incentives and regulations in major worldwide markets. Therefore, this study is of interest to manufacturers of DG technologies, distributors, suppliers, and entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial companies interested in entering or expanding into the DG sector. It will also be of interest to corporate planners and strategists, infrastructure engineering firms, energy market researchers, and energy/fuel suppliers who are engaged in renewable and alternative energy and fuels production and distribution.
SCOPE OF REPORT
The scope of this investigation includes all major viable DG technologies as well as abbreviated assessment of potentially viable emerging DG technologies. BCC analyzes each technology, determines its current market status, examines its impact on future markets, and presents forecasts of growth over the ensuing 5 years. Technological issues including the latest trends are assessed and discussed, as is the current and likely ongoing regulatory environment in support of this industry.
BCC analyzes the industry on a worldwide basis from both a manufacturing and an implementation point of view. We examine government roles in support of DG technologies worldwide, including regulatory support and requirements, feed-in tariffs, and promotional incentives for various DG technologies as relevant and available. We provide a review of the most relevant DG technologies, discuss recent trends in capacity installation and unit sales, and provide industry overviews and market assessments for each DG technology.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES . 1
REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE 1
SCOPE OF REPORT .. 2
WORLDWIDE MARKETS ... 2
TABLE A LIST OF GLOBAL MARKETS CONSIDERED IN THIS
STUDY . 2
METHODOLOGY . 2
TABLE B RESEARCH INFORMATION SOURCES . 3
INFORMATION SOURCES ... 3
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4
RELATED BCC REPORTS 4
BCC ONLINE SERVICES .. 4
DISCLAIMER . 5
CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY .. 6
SUMMARY .. 6
SUMMARY TABLE PROJECTED GLOBAL DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) ... 7
SUMMARY FIGURE COMPARISON OF PROJECTED DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION MARKET, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) .. 7
CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW 8
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY AND DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ... 8
TABLE 1 CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANT GENERATION
CAPACITIES (MW ELECTRICITY) ... 8
TABLE 2 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
CONSIDERED IN THIS REPORT 9
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
GENERATION 10
TABLE 3 ENERGY SOURCES FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION .. 10
TABLE 4 ENERGY SOURCES FOR DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES .. 11
A BRIEF HISTORY OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION .. 11
DISTRIBUTED ELECTRICITY USES 12
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DISTRIBUTED
ELECTRICITY GENERATION .. 13
ADVANTAGES ... 13
TABLE 5 ADVANTAGES OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION .. 14
Potential Cost Savings 14
Improved Distribution . 14
Reliability: Peak Loads and Grid Interruptions 15
Power Quality and Consistency .. 15
Energy Independence and Security 16
Incorporation of Renewable Energy 16
Ancillary Utility Services 16
Microgrids 17
DRAWBACKS OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION 17
TABLE 6 DRAWBACKS OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 18
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES AND
APPLICATIONS .. 18
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION …(CONTINUED) . 19
TABLE 7 MATURITY OF DISTRIBUTED ELECTRICITY
TECHNOLOGIES .. 20
TABLE 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECT DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES ... 20
CAPITAL, INSTALLATION, AND OPERATION COSTS ... 21
TABLE 9 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION COST 21
MICROTURBINES 22
TABLE 10 MICROTURBINE OVERVIEW ... 23
Advantages .. 23
TABLE 11 MICROTURBINE ADVANTAGES . 23
Drawbacks ... 24
TABLE 12 MICROTURBINE DRAWBACKS ... 24
COMBUSTION TURBINES .. 24
TABLE 13 COMBUSTION TURBINE OVERVIEW 25
Advantages .. 25
TABLE 14 COMBUSTION TURBINE ADVANTAGES ... 26
Drawbacks ... 26
TABLE 15 COMBUSTION TURBINE DRAWBACKS . 26
MICROHYDROPOWER 27
TABLE 16 MICROHYDROPOWER OVERVIEW . 28
Advantages .. 28
TABLE 17 MICROHYDROPOWER ADVANTAGES ... 29
Drawbacks ... 29
TABLE 18 MICROHYDROPOWER DRAWBACKS . 29
RECIPROCATING ENGINES ... 30
TABLE 19 RECIPROCATING ENGINE OVERVIEW . 31
Advantages .. 32
TABLE 20 RECIPROCATING ENGINE ADVANTAGES ... 32
Drawbacks ... 33
TABLE 21 RECIPROCATING ENGINE DRAWBACKS . 33
FUEL CELLS . 33
TABLE 22 FUEL CELL OVERVIEW 34
Types of Fuel Cells .. 35
TABLE 23 COMPARISON OF COMMON FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES .. 35
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) 35
Alkaline Fuel Cells ... 36
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells ... 37
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells 37
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells... 38
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells .. 39
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (SOLAR PANELS) 40
TABLE 24 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS OVERVIEW 41
Advantages of PV Systems .. 41
TABLE 25 ADVANTAGES SPECIFIC TO PV SYSTEMS ... 42
Drawbacks of PV Systems ... 42
TABLE 26 DRAWBACKS SPECIFIC TO PV SYSTEMS . 43
SMALL WIND TURBINES ... 43
Small Wind Turbines (Continued) .. 44
TABLE 27 WIND TURBINE OVERVIEW 45
Advantages of DG Wind Turbines .. 45
TABLE 28 ADVANTAGES OF DG-SCALE WIND TURBINES .. 46
Drawbacks of DG Wind Turbines ... 46
TABLE 29 DRAWBACKS SPECIFIC TO DG-SCALE WIND TURBINES . 47
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER 47
TABLE 30 COMBINED HEAT AND POWER OVERVIEW . 48
Advantages of Combined Heat and Power . 48
TABLE 31 ADVANTAGES OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER . 48
Drawbacks of Combined Heat and Power .. 48
TABLE 32 DRAWBACKS OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER ... 49
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 49
Stirling Engines ... 49
Trigeneration ... 50
CHAPTER FOUR: REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES FOR
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 51
UNITED STATES REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES . 51
TABLE 33 OVERVIEW OF U.S. REGULATORY SUPPORT AND
INCENTIVES . 52
U.S. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE ... 53
Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Tax Deduction 53
Modified Accelerated Cost-Recovery System + Bonus
Depreciation ... 53
Residential Energy Conservation Subsidy Exclusion
(Corporate) .. 54
Business Energy Investment Tax Credit ... 54
Residential Energy Efficiency Tax Credit .. 55
Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit 55
Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit 55
TABLE 34 IN-SERVICE DEADLINE AND CREDIT AMOUNT BY
FACILITY TYPE 56
Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Tax Credit ... 56
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds ... 57
Residential Energy Conservation Subsidy Exclusion
(Personal) 57
U.S. DOE 58
Tribal Energy Program Grant 58
Renewable Energy Production Incentive 58
State Energy Program Funding .. 59
Loan Guarantee Program 60
Energy Goals and Standards for Federal Government.. 60
U.S. Federal Government – Green Power Purchasing Goal .. 61
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE .. 61
USDA – High Energy Cost Grant Program 61
USDA REAP Grants and Loan Guarantees ... 62
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY .. 63
Renewable Energy Grants .. 63
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 63
Interconnection Standards for Small Generators ... 63
INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES ?
EUROPE .. 64
TABLE 35 OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN REGULATORY SUPPORT
AND INCENTIVES ... 65
TABLE 35 (CONTINUED) .. 66
TABLE 35 (CONTINUED) .. 67
TABLE 35 (CONTINUED) .. 68
EUROPEAN UNION . 69
20 20 by 2020 ? Europe's Climate Change Opportunity ... 69
An Energy Policy for Europe ... 69
European Council Action Plan (2007–2009) Energy Policy
for Europe ... 70
Seventh Framework Program for Research and
Technological Development ... 70
TABLE 36 ENERGY RESEARCH UNDER FP7 .. 71
Strategic Energy Technology Plan: Toward a Low Carbon
Future . 71
European Photovoltaic Technology Platform . 71
European Technology Platforms . 72
Directive on the Taxation of Energy Products and
Electricity ... 72
Biomass Action Plan 73
EU Climate and Energy Package: Renewable Energy
Targets 73
Revised State Aid Guidelines for Environmental
Protection 73
Renewable Energy Road Map – Renewable Energies in
the 21st Century: Building a More Sustainable Future ... 74
POLICIES OF INDIVIDUAL EU MEMBER COUNTRIES 74
Austria . 74
Klima:Aktiv Program ... 74
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency
Partnership .. 75
Combined Heat and Power Law (CHP Law – KWK
Gesetz) .. 75
Okostromverordnung (Feed-in Tariffs) 2010 –
OSVO 2010 ... 76
TABLE 37 PRIMARY TARIFFS FOR RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY
(EUROCENTS/KWH) ... 76
Green Electricity Act 77
Federal Promotion of Extraordinary Efficiency in
Buildings .. 77
Financial Incentives for Rural Biomass Energy
Generation ... 77
Belgium 78
Solwatt-Wallonia... 78
Grants Supporting Solar Energy ? Brussels Region ... 78
Green Certificate Scheme ? Federal 78
Tax Deductions for Investments in Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy – Federal . 78
Subsidies for Companies Investing in
Renewable Energy ? Wallonia 79
Provincial and Municipal Grants for Solar Energy –
Flanders ... 79
Flanders ? Call-System Ecological Investment
Study 79
Subsidies for Renewable Energy in Tertiary Sector
Buildings – Brussels Region ... 79
Flemish Government Second Climate Policy Plan .. 80
Support for Renewable Electricity (Photovoltaics) –
Green Certificates – Flanders . 80
Subsidies for Renewable Energy Investment –
Wallonia ... 80
Access to the Grid (Renewables and CHP) .. 81
Czech Republic . 81
Promotion of Power Generated by Renewable
Sources . 81
Tax Exemption for Renewable Energy Use . 81
Building Retrofit Subsidies: Panel Program ... 82
Denmark .. 82
Agreement on Danish Energy Policy 2008–2011 82
Subsidies for Renewable Electricity Generation . 82
Agreement on Green Growth ... 83
Feed-in Premium Tariffs for Renewable Power
(Promotion of Renewable Energy Act) 83
Net Metering for Small-Scale PV . 84
Finland . 84
Energy Grants for Residential Buildings 84
Energy Aid. 84
Tax Subsidies for Power Production Based on
Renewable Energy Sources . 85
France .. 85
Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs (I) .. 85
Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs (II) 86
Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs (III) ... 86
Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (IV) . 87
Le Grenelle de l'Environnement .. 87
Plan for the Energy Performance of Agricultural
Exploitations 87
Renewable Energy Feed-in: Biomass ... 88
Renewable Energy Feed-in: Solar PV .. 88
National Strategy for Research and Development in
the Field of Energy .. 88
Flexible Depreciation 89
Extension of Tax Credit in Favor of Renewable
Energy Equipment in New Housing ... 89
Extension of the Law on Reduced VAT for
Residential Renewable Energy Equipment 89
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency
Partnership (REEEP) .. 89
Government Crediting and Loan Guarantee for
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Investment – FOGIME 89
Germany ... 90
2009 Amendment of the Renewable Energy Source
Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz EEG) .. 90
KfW Renewable Energies Program (KfWProgramm
Erneuerbare Energien) . 91
Integrated Climate Change and Energy Program .. 91
Climate Legislation Package Enacted Under the
Integrated Climate Change and Energy
Program ... 91
Greece ... 92
Feed-In Tariff for Solar PV ... 92
Development Incentives for Renewable Energy
Sources . 92
Generation of Electricity Using Renewable Energy
Sources . 92
Hungary ... 93
New Hungary Development Plan (NHDP) and
Environment and Energy Operative Program
(KEOP) . 93
National Energy Conservation Program 2008 (NEP
2008) . 94
Ireland .. 94
Amendment of Part L of the Building Regulations . 94
Best Practice Guidelines—Irish Wind Industry .. 94
Microgeneration Support Program .. 95
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Deployment
Program ... 95
Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff 95
Italy .. 96
Finance Act 2008: Renewable Energy Provisions for
the Green Certificates System 96
Research for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy in Urban Areas ... 96
Feed-in Tariff for Solar Thermodynamic Energy 96
Finance Act 2008: Renewable Energy Provisions for
"All-Inclusive" Feed-in Tariff for Small
Renewable Plants 97
New Feed-In Tariff to Promote Photovoltaic
Systems 97
RES Promotion ? Implementing Directive
2001/77/EC ... 98
Luxembourg . 98
Think Climate ? Financial Aid Program for Energy
Savings and Renewable Energy in Housing ... 98
CO2 Reduction Action Plan ... 98
Feed-in Tariffs for Renewable Energy: Règlement
Grand-Ducal of October 14, 2005 99
Grants for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy Investments .. 100
Règlement Grand-Ducal (July 17, 2001) 100
Netherlands ... 100
SDE (Stimulering Duurzame Energie): Renewable
Energy and CHP Production Aid Scheme 100
Incentive Scheme for Sustainable Energy
Production .. 101
Energy Transition ... 101
Energy Premium (EPR) and Energy Performance
Advice (EPA) .. 102
Green Certificate Trading .. 102
Norway ... 102
Enova SF – The Energy Fund 102
Clean Energy for the Future (RENERGI) Program .. 102
Strategy for Small-Scale Hydropower 103
Poland 103
Polish Energy Policy Until 2030 103
Program for Renewable Energy and High-
Efficiency Cogeneration Projects .. 104
Loans from the National Fund for Environmental
Protection and Water Management .. 104
Energy Law Act ... 104
Obligation for Power Purchase from Renewable
Sources ... 105
Renewable Energy Excise Tax ... 105
Portugal .. 105
Implementation of the CHP Directive ... 105
National Energy Strategy 2020 (ENE 2020) . 106
Microgeneration Law .. 106
Modified Feed-In Tariffs for Renewables – Decree
Law No. 225/2007 .. 106
Tax Reduction for Renewable Energy Equipment 107
Slovak Republic . 107
Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Energy ... 107
Slovenia .. 108
Feed-In Tariffs and Premiums ... 108
Program for Higher Biomass and Solar Energy Use 108
Spain .. 109
Feed-In Tariffs for Electricity from Renewable
Energy Sources (Special Regime) . 109
Technical Building Code . 109
New Regulatory Framework for Administrative
Procedures for Renewable Energy Facilities 110
Sweden ... 110
Grant for Local Authority Land Use Planning for
Wind Power 110
Advisory Council for the Promotion of Wind Power .. 110
Funding for Wind Power Pilot Projects . 110
Sustainable Municipalities Program . 111
Environmental Bonus for Wind Power .. 111
Green Certificate Scheme ... 111
Switzerland 112
2009 Stabilization Program: Energy Measures . 112
Feed-In Tariffs of the New Electricity Supply Act 112
Electricity Supply Act . 113
United Kingdom 113
Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Electricity .. 113
Low Carbon Transition Plan .. 114
Renewable Energy Strategy 2009 .. 115
Energy Technologies Institute ... 115
Bio-Energy Infrastructure Scheme 115
Environmental Transformation Fund ... 116
International Element of the ETF .. 116
Domestic Element of the ETF . 116
Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act ... 117
Microgeneration Strategy ... 117
INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES ?
ASIA AND AUSTRALIA ... 118
TABLE 38 AUSTRAL-ASIAN COUNTRIES WITH DG SUPPORT AND
INCENTIVES ... 118
TABLE 39 OVERVIEW OF ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN REGULATORY
SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES .. 118
TABLE 39 (CONTINUED) 119
AUSTRALIA . 120
New South Wales Solar Bonus Scheme 120
Renewable Energy Bonus Scheme . 120
Australian Capital Territory Feed-in Tariff Scheme 120
Green Loans Program for Households ... 121
Solar Cities .. 121
Queensland Smart Energy Policy . 121
National Solar Schools Program ... 122
Queensland Solar Bonus Scheme . 122
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership .. 122
Victoria's Feed-In Tariff Scheme .. 122
CHINA .. 123
Shandong Province One Million Rooftops Sunshine Plan ... 123
Shandong Province Energy Fund ... 123
Shandong Province Village Renewable Energy
Regulations 123
Medium and Long Term Development Plan for
Renewable Energy . 124
INDIA ... 124
Solar Power Generation Based Incentive . 124
New Feed-in Tariff Regulations . 125
National Action Plan on Climate Change 125
Government Assistance for Small Hydropower
Stations .. 125
National Solar Mission ... 126
Energy Conservation Act .. 126
Government Assistance for Wind Power
Development .. 127
INDONESIA . 127
National Energy Blueprint ... 127
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency
Partnership 127
JAPAN .. 128
New Purchase System for Solar Power-Generated
Electricity . 128
Subsidy for Residential PV Systems .. 128
Cool Earth Energy Innovative Technology Plan .. 128
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership .. 129
Seaway Signals Converted to Use Renewable Energy 129
REPUBLIC OF KOREA ... 129
Tax Audit Exemption – Alternative Energy Businesses . 129
Certification for New and Renewable Energy Facilities .. 129
Feed-in Tariff for Renewables (Electricity Business Law) .. 130
SINGAPORE 130
Clean Energy Research Program (CERP) 130
Tax Incentive for Energy-Saving Equipment 131
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership .. 131
INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES ?
SOUTH AMERICA 131
TABLE 40 SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES WITH DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES ... 131
TABLE 41 OVERVIEW OF SOUTH AMERICAN REGULATORY
SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES .. 132
ARGENTINA 132
Promotion of Renewable Sources of Energy for Electricity
Production . 132
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership
(REEEP) 132
BRAZIL . 133
Brazil National Climate Change Plan .. 133
Luz para Todos (Light for All) Electrification Program ... 133
Program of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources .. 134
CHILE ... 134
Rural Electrification with Renewable Energy Program .. 134
CHAPTER FIVE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MAJOR MARKETS .. 135
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE . 135
TABLE 42 POTENTIAL NICHE OVERLAP AMONG DG
TECHNOLOGIES 136
MANUFACTURING HISTORY .. 136
LARGE, SMALL, AND WORLDWIDE PRESENCE .. 137
TABLE 43 CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION MANUFACTURERS IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT
(%) . 138
MAJOR MARKETS . 138
INSTALLED DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ... 139
Microturbine Market . 139
Microturbine Market (Continued) .. 140
TABLE 44 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED MICROTURBINES
WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW INSTALLED) 141
TABLE 45 WORLDWIDE MICROTURBINE UNIT SALES THROUGH
2010 (UNITS) ... 141
Small Combustion Turbine Market .. 141
Small Combustion … (Continued) .. 142
TABLE 46 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED SMALL COMBUSTION
TURBINES WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW
INSTALLED) ... 143
TABLE 47 WORLDWIDE SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINE UNIT
SALES THROUGH 2010 (UNITS) 143
Reciprocating Engine Market ... 143
Reciprocating Engine … (Continued) . 144
TABLE 48 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED RECIPROCATING ENGINES
WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW INSTALLED) . 145
TABLE 49 WORLDWIDE RECIPROCATING ENGINE UNITS SALES
THROUGH 2010 (UNITS) ... 145
Fuel Cell Market 145
TABLE 50 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED STATIONARY FUEL CELLS
WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW INSTALLED) . 146
TABLE 51 WORLDWIDE STATIONARY FUEL CELL UNIT SALES
THROUGH 2010 (UNITS) ... 147
PV Systems Market ... 147
PV Systems Market (Continued) 148
TABLE 52 TOTAL ANNUAL DISTRIBUTED INSTALLED
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH
2010 (MW INSTALLED) .. 149
TABLE 53 WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTED PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL UNIT
SALES THROUGH 2010 (THOUSANDS OF UNITS) . 149
Small Wind Market ... 149
Small Wind Market (Continued) 150
TABLE 54 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED SMALL WIND CAPACITY,
WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW INSTALLED) 151
TABLE 55 WORLDWIDE SMALL WIND UNIT SALES THROUGH
2010 (UNITS) ... 151
Distributed Hydropower Market .. 151
Distributed Hydropower … (Continued) 152
TABLE 56 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED SMALL HYDROPOWER
CAPACITY WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW
INSTALLED) ... 153
TABLE 57 WORLDWIDE SMALL HYDROPOWER UNIT SALES
THROUGH 2010 (UNITS) ... 153
Worldwide Distributed Generation Market . 153
Worldwide … (Continued) .. 154
TABLE 58 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY,
ALL TECHNOLOGIES, WORLDWIDE BY REGION THROUGH 2010
(MW INSTALLED) ... 155
CHAPTER SIX: COMPANY PROFILES . 156
MICROTURBINES . 156
TABLE 59 MICROTURBINE MANUFACTURERS AND DEVELOPERS
WORLDWIDE .. 156
MICROTURBINE MANUFACTURERS AND DEVELOPERS
WORLDWIDE . 157
Calnetix Power Solutions .. 157
TABLE 60 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CALNETIX POWER SOLUTIONS .. 158
Capstone Turbine Corporation . 158
Capstone Turbine International, Inc. 158
TABLE 61 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CAPSTONE TURBINE
CORPORATION ... 159
Ingersoll-Rand Energy Systems 159
TABLE 62 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? INGERSOLL-RAND ENERGY
SYSTEMS 160
Solar Turbines ... 160
TABLE 63 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOLAR TURBINES .. 161
Toyota Turbine and Systems, Inc. 162
TABLE 64 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? TOYOTA TURBINE AND
SYSTEMS, INC. ... 163
Turbec 163
Turbec S.p.A. ... 163
Turbec R&D AB .. 163
TABLE 65 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? TURBEC 164
Wilson Solarpower . 165
TABLE 66 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? WILSON SOLARPOWER . 166
COMBUSTION TURBINES ... 166
TABLE 67 SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINE MANUFACTURERS AND
DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 167
SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINE MANUFACTURERS . 167
ALM Turbine . 167
TABLE 68 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? ALM TURBINE . 168
Siemens Energy . 168
Siemens S.A. de C.V. Power Generation 168
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd. . 168
Siemens Power Plant Automation, Ltd. . 169
TABLE 69 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SIEMENS ENERGY . 169
Solar Turbines ... 170
TABLE 70 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOLAR TURBINES .. 171
MICROHYDROPOWER . 171
TABLE 71 MICROHYDROPOWER MANUFACTURERS AND
DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 171
MICROHYDROPOWER MANUFACTURERS ... 172
Asian Phoenix Resources Ltd 172
TABLE 72 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? ASIAN PHOENIX . 172
Canyon Industries . 173
TABLE 73 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CANYON HYDRO . 173
Cargo & Kraft Turbin Sverige AB 174
TABLE 74 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CARGO KRAFT TURBIN
SVERIGE AB ... 174
Fuchun Industry Development Company Ltd. Shenzhen ... 174
TABLE 75 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FUCHUN INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD., SHENZHEN. 175
Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon, Ltd. ... 175
Gilbert Gilkes, Inc. (USA) .. 175
Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon, Ltd. (Japan) . 176
TABLE 76 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? GILBERT GILKES & GORDON,
LTD. .. 176
Gugler Water Turbines GmbH .. 177
TABLE 77 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? GUGLER WATER TURBINES 177
Savoia Generators . 178
TABLE 78 POWER OUTPUT OF SAVOIA MICROHYDROPOWER
TURBINE (KW ELECTRICITY) 178
TABLE 79 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SAVOIA GENERATORS .. 179
Tyco Tamar 179
TABLE 80 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? TYCO TAMAR ... 180
RECIPROCATING ENGINES ... 180
TABLE 81 RECIPROCATING ENGINE MANUFACTURERS AND
DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 180
RECIPROCATING ENGINE MANUFACTURERS ... 181
Caterpillar .. 181
TABLE 82 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CATERPILLAR . 181
Cummins Power Generation, Inc. . 182
Cummins Power Generation Americas .. 182
Cummins Brazil .. 182
Cummins Power Generation, Ltd. . 182
Cummins Power Generation Southeast Asia 182
TABLE 83 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CUMMINS POWER
GENERATION, INC. ... 183
Deutz AG 184
TABLE 84 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? DEUTZ AG 185
Dresser Waukesha . 185
TABLE 85 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? DRESSER WAUKESHA ... 186
Fairbanks Morse Engine ... 186
TABLE 86 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FAIRBANKS MORSE ENGINE ... 187
GE Energy/GE Jenbacher . 187
GE Jenbacher (North America) .. 188
TABLE 87 COMPANY OVERVIEW? GE JENBACHER ... 188
Generac Power Systems, Inc. 189
TABLE 88 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? GENERAC POWER SYSTEMS 190
Honda Power Equipment .. 190
TABLE 89 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? HONDA POWER EQUIPMENT ... 191
Kohler Power Systems ... 191
TABLE 90 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? KOHLER POWER SYSTEMS .. 192
Rolls Royce . 192
TABLE 91 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? ROLLS ROYCE . 193
Wärtsilä Corp. 193
Wärtsilä North America, Inc. . 193
Wartsila South Africa (Pty) Ltd. 193
Wartsila China, Ltd. ... 193
TABLE 92 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? WÄRTSILÄ 194
FUEL CELLS .. 194
TABLE 93 FUEL CELL SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS AND
DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 195
FUEL CELL MANUFACTURERS .. 195
Ballard Power Systems, Inc. . 195
TABLE 94 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? BALLARD .. 196
Cellkraft . 196
TABLE 95 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CELLKRAFT . 197
Electrochem, Inc. ... 197
TABLE 96 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? ELECTROCHEM, INC. 198
Fuel Cell Energy 198
TABLE 97 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FUEL CELL ENERGY .. 199
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies Pte. Ltd. . 199
HFC Technologies (Shanghai) CO., Ltd. 199
TABLE 98 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? HORIZON FUEL CELL
TECHNOLOGIES 200
MTI MicroFuel Cells Inc. .. 200
TABLE 99 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? MTI MICRO FUEL CELLS .. 201
NexTech Materials, Ltd. 201
TABLE 100 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? NEXTECH MATERIALS 202
Nuvera Fuel Cells .. 202
Nuvera Fuel Cells Europe, S.r.L. ... 202
TABLE 101 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? NUVERA FUEL CELLS . 203
Plug Power, Inc .. 203
TABLE 102 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? PLUG POWER . 204
Powerzinc Electric, Inc. . 204
TABLE 103 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? POWERZINC ELECTRIC, INC. . 205
Siemens Energy . 205
Siemens S.A. de C.V. Power Generation 205
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, Ltd. 206
Siemens Power Plant Automation, Ltd. . 206
TABLE 104 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SIEMENS ENERGY ... 207
UTC Power . 207
TABLE 105 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? UTC POWER ... 208
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (SOLAR PANELS) . 208
TABLE 106 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS AND
DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 208
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS .. 209
BP Solar . 209
TABLE 107 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? BP SOLAR ... 209
Conergy .. 210
Conergy USA ... 210
Conergy Renewable Energy Singapore Pte Ltd. 210
TABLE 108 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CONERGY ... 211
First Solar, Inc. .. 211
First Solar Manufacturing GmbH .. 211
TABLE 109 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FIRST SOLAR, INC. ... 212
JA Solar Holdings .. 212
JA Solar USA, Inc. .. 212
TABLE 110 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? JA SOLAR HOLDINGS .. 213
Kyocera Group ... 213
Kyocera America . 213
Kyocera Solar, Inc. .. 214
TABLE 111 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? KYOCERA SOLAR, INC. 214
Q-Cells 214
Q-Cells North America ... 215
TABLE 112 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? Q-CELLS .. 215
Sharp Solar 215
TABLE 113 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SHARP SOLAR ... 216
Solar Edge .. 216
TABLE 114 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOLAR EDGE . 217
SolarWorld US ... 217
TABLE 115 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOLARWORLD AG . 218
SunPower Corp. . 218
TABLE 116 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SUNPOWER CORP. 219
Suntech Power ... 220
Suntech Asia/Pacific & China 220
TABLE 117 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SUNTECH-POWER 220
Yingli Green Energy Holding Co., Ltd. . 221
Yingli Green Energy Americas, Inc 221
TABLE 118 COMPANY OVERVIEW: YINGLI GREEN ENERGY ... 222
WIND TURBINES .. 222
TABLE 119 DG-SCALE WIND SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS AND
DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 222
SMALL WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURERS 223
Aerogenesis Wind Energy . 223
TABLE 120 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? AEROGENESIS WIND ENERGY .. 223
Ampair Energy Limited 224
TABLE 121 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? AMPAIR ENERGY LIMITED . 224
Bergey Windpower Co. .. 225
TABLE 122 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? BERGEY WINDPOWER CO. .. 225
Fortis Wind Energy ... 226
Fortis Wind Energy USA 226
TABLE 123 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FORTIS WIND ENERGY ... 226
Gazelle Wind Turbines/MKW Group 227
TABLE 124 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? GAZELLE WIND TURBINES 227
Southwest Windpower ... 228
Skystream Energy Europe GmbH .. 228
TABLE 125 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER. 229
Vergnet Groupe .. 229
TABLE 126 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? VERGNET GROUPE .. 230
Wind Energy Solutions .. 230
TABLE 127 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? WIND ENERGY SOLUTIONS
(WES) 231
CHAPTER SEVEN: MARKET ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS . 232
MICROTURBINES . 232
KEY DRIVERS . 232
GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 233
PROJECTED TRENDS 234
TABLE 128 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE MICROTURBINE MARKET
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 235
FIGURE 1 PROJECTED MICROTURBINE SALES WORLDWIDE 2007-
2015 (UNITS) .. 236
SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 236
SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINES . 237
KEY DRIVERS . 237
GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 238
PROJECTED TRENDS 238
Projected Trends (Continued) ... 239
TABLE 129 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE SMALL COMBUSTION
TURBINE MARKET THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 240
FIGURE 2 PROJECTED SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINE SALES
WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (UNITS SHIPPED) 240
SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 241
SMALL HYDROPOWER 241
KEY DRIVERS . 241
Key Drivers (Continued) ... 242
GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 243
PROJECTED TRENDS 244
TABLE 130 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE SMALL HYDROPOWER
MARKET THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 245
FIGURE 3 PROJECTED SMALL HYDROPOWER SALES WORLDWIDE,
2007-2015 (NUMBER) 245
FIGURE 3 (CONTINUED) ... 246
SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 246
RECIPROCATING ENGINES ... 246
KEY DRIVERS . 246
Key Drivers (Continued) .. 247
GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 248
PROJECTED TRENDS 248
TABLE 131 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE RECIPROCATING ENGINE
MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 249
FIGURE 4 PROJECTED RECIPROCATING ENGINE SALES
WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (UNITS) .. 250
SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 250
FUEL CELLS .. 251
KEY DRIVERS . 251
GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 251
PROJECTED TRENDS 252
TABLE 132 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE STATIONARY FUEL CELL
MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 253
FIGURE 5 PROJECTED STATIONARY FUEL CELL SALES
WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (UNITS) .. 254
SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 254
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS . 255
KEY DRIVERS . 255
GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 256
PROJECTED TRENDS 257
TABLE 133 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE SOLAR PV MARKET,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 257
FIGURE 6 PROJECTED SOLAR PV MEGAWATTS SOLD
WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (THOUSAND UNITS) 258
SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 258
SMALL WIND TURBINES 259
KEY DRIVERS . 259
GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 260
PROJECTED TRENDS 260
TABLE 134 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE SMALL WIND TURBINES
MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 261
FIGURE 7 PROJECTED SMALL WIND TURBINES MEGAWATTS
SOLD WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (MEGAWATTS) ... 261
SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 262
OVERVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION MARKET ... 262
TABLE 135 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 263
FUEL SOURCES AND ENERGY SECURITY .. 263
THE GREEN MOVEMENT ? CORPORATE AND PERSONAL
GREENING ... 263
THE GREEN MOVEMENT ?…(CONTINUED) 264
TABLE 136 GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST/SUPPORT FOR
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES .. 265
APPENDICES 266
APPENDIX I ? UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS . 266
ELECTRICITY AND POWER . 266
APPENDIX II ? ABBREVIATIONS OF MEASUREMENTS ... 266
APPENDIX II ? (CONTINUED) . 267
REFERENCES .. 268
REFERENCES 268
REFERENCES (CONTINUED) .. 269
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: The Global Market for Distributed Energy Generation
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