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The New Challenge: "Back to Basics"


News provided by

InConTra

Jun 19, 2015, 05:00 ET

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EXPOMilano 2015 logo (PRNewsFoto/InConTra)
EXPOMilano 2015 logo (PRNewsFoto/InConTra)

MILANO, June 19, 2015 /PRNewswire/ --

Scientific evidence and nutritional advice for a better life 

Ad EXPOMilano2015 si è parlato di alimentazione e nutrizione durante il meeting internazionale "Back to Basic" a cui hanno partecipato medici, scienziati ed autorevoli esponenti, provenienti da tutto il mondo, tra cui l'australiano Robert Gibson, l'italiano Carlo La Vecchia, il britannico Sumantra Ray, la sudafricana Christine Venter, lo svizzero Luc Tappy e l'israeliano Raanan Shamir.

     (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20150619/749274 )

Tanti i temi affrontati, in primis l'imprescindibilità dell'evidenza scientifica in tutti gli approfondimenti in materia alimentare e nutrizionale, partendo da quello che il prof. Bier ha più volte definito l'unico elemento avvalorato dalla scienza in questo campo, ossia che alla base del sovrappeso (e al sottopeso) c'è uno sbilanciamento tra calorie consumate e calorie ingerite.

Durante il convegno si è sottolineato, l'importanza dell'approccio olistico, capace di analizzare il cibo nella sua complessità. Secondo il prof. Gibson "le linee guida che si concentrano su specifici nutrienti devono essere valutate criticamente: il cibo va considerato nella sua complessità e  all'interno di modelli alimentari".

Tale posizione si oppone fermamente all'approccio riduzionista rivolto al singolo nutriente, criterio che ultimamente è stato utilizzato per proporre indicazioni come i "semafori alimentari" in UK (Traffic Lights Labelling) o in maniera più ampia per i così detti "profili nutrizionali". Questo approccio ha dimostrato ripetutamente i suoi limiti nel fornire linee guida nutrizionali, da cui sono inoltre scaturite dannose campagne di demonizzazione dei singoli nutrienti (grassi e zuccheri in primis). Sul punto è intervenuto il prof. Tappy secondo cui: "nell'ottica riduzionista il singolo ingrediente ha, nel passato, assunto un ruolo che le recenti acquisizioni sui grassi mette in grande dubbio". Lo studioso, poi si è concentrato sul caso specifico dello zucchero: "oggi lo zucchero - ha continuato Tappy - sembra sostituire i grassi, ma senza un approccio olistico che valuti l' alimentazione nella sua totalità è facile prevedere che presto anche tali presunzioni saranno smentite dalla scienza".

Un ulteriore focus ha riguardato la critica agli studi osservazionali (epidemiologici) - partendo dalle osservazioni di due studiosi tra i più apprezzati al mondo, John Ioannidis e Peter C. Austin - che risulterebbero metodologicamente inadatti a dimostrare eventuali rapporti causa effetto tra manifestazioni legate alla salute e consumo di singoli nutrienti.

Inoltre, nel corso del meeting, si è discusso del concetto generico di dieta equilibrata, indispensabile nonostante le differenze dei regimi alimentari nel mondo, dell'esigenza di creare una convergenza virtuosa tra tradizione ed innovazione in materia di pratiche alimentari e del corretto inquadramento del ruolo del gusto come essenziale costituente della scelta alimentare di tutti gli uomini.

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