Total Cost of Ownership of Alternative Fuel Vehicles for Fleet Operators

NEW YORK, April 19, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Total Cost of Ownership of Alternative Fuel Vehicles for Fleet Operators

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Many fleet managers are experiencing cross-cutting pressures to streamline operational costs and reduce the environmental impact of their fleets. Some fleet managers are struggling to understand the best, most cost-effective way to "green" their vehicle fleet while ensuring that operations continue to run smoothly. Alternatively, some fleet managers see a greener fleet as a way to reduce the costs associated with their vehicles. As a result, it is important for fleet managers to understand the total cost of ownership (TCO) implications of the vehicles they utilize.

There is presently a wide array of alternative vehicle options on the market: The options considered are hybrid (HEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV), battery electric (BEV), compressed natural gas (CNG), ethanol, biodiesel and propane. This report aims to help fleet operators differentiate among the various alternatives, with an emphasis on a comparative TCO analysis including an assessment of the key elements that differentiate the various alternative vehicle types and their payback period: the upfront vehicle price, available incentives that offset the vehicle price, lifetime fuel costs, lifetime maintenance costs, and (in some cases) the vehicle's residual value. Pike Research's comparison of small passenger cars finds that the compact BEV and HEV models have lower TCOs than the small gasoline model, while the PHEV, mid-size HEV, diesel and CNG all have lower TCO than the mid-sized gasoline sedan. By comparison, the flex-fuel and stop-start options do not pay off their higher sticker prices. This is primarily because there is limited number of models available and these are in the higher price range of their vehicle segment.

This Pike Research report provides a comparative TCO analysis across various alternative fuel vehicle categories including biodiesel, ethanol/flex-fuel, propane/autogas, compressed natural gas, stop-start, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, battery electric, and fuel cell vehicles. The primary focus is on fleet vehicles as they would operate in North America, with additional coverage provided for Western European vehicles and operations. Because each fleet is experience is different, this report also includes a spreadsheet that can be customized with the fleet operators' own data.

Key Questions Addressed:

-How do AFVs compare in TCO as fuel prices change?

-What alternative fuel vehicles are available in the U.S. and Europe?

-What incentives are available that can offset the price premium of alternative fuel vehicles?

Who needs this report?

-Automotive marketing managers

-Alternative fuel suppliers

-Government agencies

-Industry associations

Table of Contents

1.1  Overview

1.2  Alternative Fuel and Propulsion Types

1.3  Total Cost of Ownership Comparison

1.3.1    Results of TCO Comparison

1.3.2    TCO Results across a Range of Fuel Prices

1.3.3    Conclusion

2.      Alternative Fuel Vehicle Market Overview2.1  Introduction2.2  Baseline for Comparison2.2.1    Vehicle Classes2.2.2    Alternative Fuel and Propulsion Options

3.      Alternative Fuel and Propulsion Options

3.1  Biofuels

3.1.1    Biofuel Blend Mandates

3.1.2    Biodiesel

3.1.2.1    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.1.2.2    Fuel Economy

3.1.2.3    Emissions Profile

3.1.2.4    Availability

3.1.2.5    Cost

3.1.3    Ethanol/Flex-Fuel Vehicles

3.1.3.1    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.1.3.2    Fuel Economy

3.1.3.3    Emissions Profile

3.1.3.4    Availability

3.1.3.5    Vehicle Cost

3.2  Propane/Autogas (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)

3.2.1    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.2.2    Fuel Economy

3.2.3    Emissions Profile

3.2.4    Availability

3.2.5    Vehicle Cost

3.3  Compressed Natural Gas

3.3.1    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.3.2    Fuel Economy

3.3.3    Emissions Profile

3.3.4    Availability

3.3.4.1    Conversion versus Original Equipment Manufacturer NGVs

3.3.4.2    Bi-Fuel Offerings

3.3.4.3    Europe

3.3.4.4    North America

3.3.5    Vehicle Cost

3.3.6    Medium-Duty Vehicles

3.4  Stop-Start

3.4.1    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.4.2    Fuel Economy

3.4.3    Emissions Profile

3.4.4    Availability

3.4.4.1    Europe

3.4.4.2    North America

3.4.5    Vehicle Cost

3.4.6    Future Trends

3.5  Hybrid Electric

3.5.1    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.5.2    Fuel Economy

3.5.3    Emissions Profile

3.5.4    Availability

3.5.4.1    Passenger Cars

3.5.4.1.1.  Europe

3.5.4.1.2.  North America

3.5.4.2    Medium-Duty Trucks

3.5.5    Vehicle Cost

3.5.5.1    Light-Duty Vehicles

3.5.5.2    Medium-Duty Trucks

3.6  Plug-In Hybrid Electric

3.6.1    Short and Long All-Electric Range PHEVs

3.6.2    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.6.3    Fuel Economy

3.6.4    Emissions Profile

3.6.5    Availability

3.6.5.1    Europe

3.6.5.2    North America

3.6.5.3    Medium-Duty Trucks and Vans

3.6.6    Vehicle Cost

3.7  Battery Electric

3.7.1    Range

3.7.2    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.7.3    Fuel Economy

3.7.4    Emissions Profile

3.7.5    Availability

3.7.5.1    Europe

3.7.5.2    North America

3.7.5.3    Medium-Duty Trucks

3.7.6    Vehicle Cost

3.8  Fuel Cell

3.8.1    Fueling and Infrastructure

3.8.2    Fuel Economy

3.8.3    Emissions Profile

3.8.4    Availability

3.8.5    Vehicle Cost

3.9  Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles

4.      Incentives and Grants For Alternative Fuel or Propulsion Vehicles4.1  Introduction4.2  North American Incentives and Programs4.2.1    Federal Level Incentives in the United States4.2.2    State Level Incentives in the United States4.2.3    Canadian Incentives and Programs4.3  Europe

5.      Total Cost of Ownership Comparison

5.1  Methodology

5.1.1    Light-Duty Vehicle Prices

5.1.2    Lifetime Mileage

5.1.3    Fuel Prices

5.1.4    Fuel Economy

5.1.5    Maintenance

5.1.6    Residual Value

5.2   Light-Duty Passenger Cars: Total Cost of Ownership Comparison

5.2.1    Comparison of Mid-Size Sedan Options in the United States

5.2.2    Comparison of Small Sedan Options in the United States

5.2.3    Comparison of Gasoline, Flex-Fuel, and Hybrids in the United States

5.2.4    Comparison of Diesel, SSVs, and Biodiesel in Europe

5.3   Light-Duty SUVs and Pickups: Total Cost of Ownership Comparison

5.4  Medium-Duty Trucks: Total Cost Ownership Costs

6.      Company Directory

7.      Acronym and Abbreviation List 

8.      Table of Contents 

9.      Table of Charts and Figures 

10.    Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size LDV Options with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Snapshot of Fuel Cost Comparisons by Region, World Markets: 2010Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size LDV Options with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size LDV Options with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small LDV Options with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small LDV Options with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small LDV Options with Residual Value with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Gas, FFV, and Hybrid with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Gas, FFV, and Hybrid with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Diesel and SSV Sedans with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, Europe: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Diesel and SSV Sedans with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Pickups and SUVs with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States and Europe: 2012Cutaway Cab and Stripped-Chassis VehiclesU.S. DOE Clean Cities Vehicle Breakdown, by Technology: 2004-2009

List of Tables

Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison at Current Fuel Prices with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Biofuels in Use, United States and Europe: 2012Select Biofuel Blending Mandates and Targets by CountryComparison of Internal Combustion Engine Fuel PropertiesComparison of Honda Civic Gasoline, Hybrid, and CNG, United States: 2011CNG Light-Duty Cars and Vans Available, Europe: 2012Dedicated OEM Light-Duty NGVs, United States: 2011Automaker Stop-Start Systems, Europe:  2011Automaker Stop-Start Systems, United States: 2011-2012Typical Vehicle GHG CalculationsVehicle Roadmap for Light-Duty HEV Passenger Vehicles, Europe: 2011-2012Vehicle Roadmap for Light-Duty HEV Passenger Vehicles, North America: 2011-2012Selected List of Available MD Hybrid TrucksTypical Truck Costs, United States: 2012Comparison of Toyota Prius, Toyota Prius PHEV, and Chevrolet VoltVehicle Roadmap for Light-Duty PHEVs, Europe: 2012 and BeyondVehicle Roadmap for Light-Duty PHEVs, North America: 2012 and BeyondSelected List of Plug-In Hybrid Trucks Being Developed GloballyComparison of HEV, ICE, and BEV OptionsVehicle Roadmap for Light-Duty BEVs, Europe: 2012 and BeyondVehicle Roadmap for Light-Duty BEVs, North America: 2012 and BeyondSelected List of Available Battery Electric TrucksState-Level Vehicle Purchase Incentives and Programs for AFVs, United States: 2012Light-Duty HEV, PHEV and BEV Incentives by Country, Europe: 2012Natural Gas Vehicle Incentives, Europe: 2012Biofuel Vehicle Incentives, Europe: 2012Comparison of Kelley Blue Book Value of Honda Civic Gasoline, Hybrid, and CNG,  with 75,000 Lifetime Mile United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison of LD Passenger Cars at Current Fuel Prices with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size LDV Options with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size LDV Options with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size LDV Options with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small LDV Options with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small LDV Options with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Comparison of Gasoline and Flex-Fuel Vehicles with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Gas, FFV, and Hybrid with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Gas, FFV, and Hybrid with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Diesel and SSV Sedans with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, Europe: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Diesel and SSV Sedans with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Pickups and SUVs with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States and Europe: 2012Total Truck Cost of Ownership, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small LDV Options with Residual Value with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Average Retail Price of Fuel by Region, World Markets: 2008Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size Sedans with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size Sedans with 120 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small Sedans with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small Sedans with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Small Sedans with Residual Value with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size Gas, FFV, and Hybrid Options with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size Gas, FFV, and Hybrid LDV Options with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size Diesel and Diesel SSV Options with 75,000 Lifetime Miles, Europe: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for Mid-Size Diesel and Diesel SSV Options with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, Europe: 2012Estimated Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for LD Trucks and SUVs with 120,000 Lifetime Miles, United States and Europe: 2012Client Input: Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for LDV SedansPike Assumptions: Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for LDV Sedans with 120,000 Lifetime MilesClient Input: Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for LD Trucks and SUVsPike Assumptions: Total Cost of Ownership Comparison for LD Trucks and SUVs with 120,000 Lifetime Miles

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