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Un estudio de los NIH sugiere que el uso de opioides está relacionado con la pérdida del embarazo y una menor probabilidad de concepción
  • USA - English


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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Aug 20, 2020, 13:24 ET

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BETHESDA, Md., 20 de agosto de 2020 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Un estudio de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud sugiere que el uso de opioides entre las mujeres que intentan concebir puede estar relacionado con una menor probabilidad de embarazo. Además, el uso de opioides al principio del embarazo puede estar asociado con una mayor probabilidad de pérdida del embarazo. El estudio aparece en Epidemiology.

"Nuestros hallazgos indican que las mujeres que están embarazadas o planean un embarazo deben, junto con sus médicos, considerar los efectos potenciales que los opioides pueden tener sobre su capacidad para concebir o mantener un embarazo", dijo Kerry Flannagan, Ph.D., autor principal del estudio e investigador de posgrado en la División de Investigación Intramuros sobre la Salud del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver de los NIH.

Según los autores, gran parte de la investigación sobre el uso de opioides recetados se ha centrado en los efectos de la drogodependencia. Existe poca información sobre el uso periódico no habitual de opioides al momento de la concepción y al principio del embarazo.

Los investigadores analizaron la información del Estudio sobre los efectos de la aspirina en la gestación y la reproducción (EAGeR), que investigó la dosis baja de aspirina como tratamiento para prevenir la pérdida del embarazo. Las participantes fueron mujeres de 18 a 40 años con antecedentes de una o dos pérdidas de embarazo. Se hizo seguimiento a las mujeres durante seis ciclos mensuales si no quedaban embarazadas y durante todo el embarazo si estaban embarazadas. Las mujeres proporcionaron muestras de orina, que se analizaron en busca de varios opioides recetados.

De las 1,228 mujeres del estudio, 226 (el 18 %) habían usado opioides mientras intentaban concebir y 33 (el 5 %) de 685 mujeres que quedaron embarazadas habían usado opioides al inicio del embarazo. Ninguna dio positivo en metadona o buprenorfina, que se suelen utilizar para tratar la dependencia de opioides.

El uso de opioides antes de la concepción se asoció con un 29 % menos de probabilidades de lograr un embarazo durante un ciclo mensual determinado, en comparación con las mujeres que no habían usado opioides. Entre las mujeres que quedaron embarazadas, las que usaron opioides al momento de la concepción tenían 1,5 veces más probabilidades de tener un aborto espontáneo que las mujeres que no lo habían hecho. Las mujeres que usaron opioides en las primeras cuatro semanas de embarazo tenían más del doble de probabilidades de tener un aborto espontáneo. Las mujeres que usaron opioides entre las semanas cuatro y ocho del embarazo tenían 2,5 veces más probabilidades de tener un aborto espontáneo.

Los autores solicitaron investigaciones adicionales sobre cómo el uso de opioides afecta la fertilidad y el embarazo temprano. Agregaron que, hasta que se sepa más, las pacientes y los médicos deben evaluar los riesgos y beneficios potenciales de los opioides para el manejo del dolor entre las mujeres que están embarazadas o que pueden quedar embarazadas, incluidas aquellas que se someten a procedimientos de reproducción asistida que pueden involucrar un tratamiento con opioides para controlar el dolor.

Referencia
Flannagan, KS et al. Is opioid use safe in women trying to conceive? Epidemiology. 2020.

Acerca del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver (NICHD): El NICHD lidera la investigación y la capacitación para comprender el desarrollo humano, mejorar la salud reproductiva, mejorar la vida de niños y adolescentes, y optimizar las habilidades para todos. Si desea más información, visite https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov.

Acerca de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH): NIH, la agencia de investigación médica de los EE. UU., incluye 27 institutos y centros, y es un componente del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. NIH es la principal agencia federal que realiza y apoya investigaciones médicas básicas, clínicas y traslacionales, y que investiga las causas, los tratamientos y las curas para enfermedades comunes y raras. Para obtener más información sobre los NIH y sus programas, visite https://salud.nih.gov.

FUENTE Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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