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Un estudio de NIH descubrió que los beneficios de la cirugía fetal para reparar la espina bífida perduran durante la edad escolar
  • USA - English


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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Jan 24, 2020, 12:00 ET

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BETHESDA, Maryland, 24 de enero de 2020 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ -- Los niños de hasta 6 años que se sometieron a una cirugía fetal para reparar un defecto congénito común de la columna tienen más probabilidades de caminar de forma independiente y tener menos cirugías de seguimiento, en comparación con aquellos que se sometieron a una cirugía correctiva convencional después del nacimiento, según investigadores financiados por los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud. Su estudio aparece en Pediatría.

El procedimiento corrige el mielomeningocele, la forma más grave de espina bífida, una condición en la cual la columna vertebral no se cierra alrededor de la médula espinal. Con mielomeningocele, la médula espinal sobresale a través de una abertura en la columna vertebral y puede bloquear el flujo de líquido cefalorraquídeo y empujar el cerebro hacia la base del cráneo, una condición conocida como hernia del rombencéfalo.

En 2011, el estudio Management of Myelomeningocele study, financiado por el Instituto Nacional de la Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD) Eunice Kennedy Shriver de los NIH, descubrió que a los 12 meses de edad, los niños que se sometieron a una cirugía fetal necesitaban menos procedimientos quirúrgicos para desviar, o derivar, líquido lejos del cerebro. A los 30 meses, el grupo que se sometió a la cirugía fetal tenía más probabilidades de caminar sin muletas u otros dispositivos.

Para el estudio actual, los investigadores financiados por el NICHD reevaluaron a los niños del ensayo original cuando tenían entre 6 y 10 años. De los 161 niños que participaron en el estudio de seguimiento, 79 habían sido asignados a la cirugía prenatal y 82 a la cirugía convencional. Los niños en el grupo de cirugía prenatal caminaron de forma independiente con más frecuencia que los del grupo de cirugía convencional (93 % frente a 80 %). Aquellos en el grupo de cirugía prenatal también tuvieron menos colocaciones de una derivación para hidrocefalia o acumulación de líquido en el cerebro (49 % frente a 85 %), y menos reemplazos de derivación (47 % frente a 70 %). El grupo también obtuvo una puntuación más alta en la medida de habilidades motoras.

Los dos grupos no difirieron significativamente en una prueba que midió la capacidad de comunicación, las habilidades para la vida cotidiana y las habilidades de interacción social.

"La cirugía prenatal para el mielomeningocele conlleva beneficios y riesgos, en comparación con la cirugía posnatal convencional", según Menachem Miodovnik, MD, de la Delegación de Embarazo y Perinatología del NICHD. "Este estudio proporciona información importante para los médicos con pacientes que están considerando la cirugía prenatal".

El estudio fue realizado por Amy Houtrow, MD, Ph.D., de la Universidad de Pittsburgh, y sus colegas.

Referencia
Houtrow AJ, et al. Prenatal repair of myelomeningocele and school-age functional outcomes. Pediatrics. 2020.

Acerca del Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano (NICHD) Eunice Kennedy Shriver: El NICHD lidera la investigación y la capacitación para comprender el desarrollo humano, mejorar la salud reproductiva, mejorar la vida de niños y adolescentes, y optimizar las habilidades para todos. Para obtener más información, visite http://www.nichd.nih.gov.

Acerca de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH): NIH, la agencia de investigación médica de los EE. UU., incluye 27 institutos y centros y es un componente del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. NIH es la principal agencia federal que realiza y apoya investigaciones médicas básicas, clínicas y traslacionales, y que investiga las causas, los tratamientos y las curas para enfermedades comunes y raras. Para obtener más información sobre los NIH y sus programas, visite http://www.nih.gov

FUENTE Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Related Links

http://www.nih.gov

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