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Una investigación recomienda vacunar a todo el mundo contra la gripe
  • USA - Français
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News provided by

Fluresp

May 22, 2014, 04:30 ET

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LONDRES, May 22, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --

Un proyecto europeo de 1,2 millones de euros indica que la vacunación en masa es la forma con un coste más contenido de hacer frente a la gripe. A esto debe seguirle el tratamiento dirigido de los que muestran síntomas, no la emisión en masa de fármacos como Tamiflu.

Las recomendaciones proceden de las primeras respuestas amplias mundiales sobre el análisis de la eficacia de costes en la gripe. El proyecto Fluresp ha escrito a los gobiernos de Reino Unido y Europa una serie de recomendaciones basadas en las conclusiones. Los modelos desarrollados por el proyecto están disponibles además para ayudar a los planes de los gobiernos.

Las epidemias anuales causan entre 3 y 5 millones de casos de enfermedad severa y entre 250.000 y 500.000 fallecimientos en todo el mundo (OMS, hoja de datos 211; marzo de 2014). Cuando golpea la epidemia, el principal factor que limita nuestra respuesta es el coste. Los gobiernos han de tomar decisiones complicadas sobre cómo repartir los recursos limitados.

La investigación ha descubierto que la vacuna en masa para las poblaciones tuvo un coste más eficaz que la vacunación dirigida a los subgrupos 'en riesgo', una aproximación favorecida por muchos de los países de Europa. Este se debe a que los costes de las vacunas son menores comparados con el coste de los programas de concienciación.

La producción de volúmenes consistentes de vacunas podría asegurar además a los fabricantes de vacunas una respuesta adecuada a las pandemias severas, además de apoyar a los fabricantes médicos de Europa.

Se debe realizar el vacunado por medio de las cirugías existentes. El coste de crear centros de vacuna adicionales y comunicarse con ellos, una política ampliamente usada, ha sido un uso extremadamente malo del dinero público.

El proyecto ha identificado además que cuando la epidemia está en marcha, tratar a las personas que han mostrado los primeros síntomas de gripe presenta un coste más eficaz que el tratamiento profiláctico (por ejemplo, la receta de fármacos como Tamiflu que pretenden prevenir la infección).

El responsable de proyectos, el doctor Ariel Beresniak, de la Paris-Descartes University, indicó: "Aunque las campañas de vacuna en masa presentan un coste contenido y son una medida sensible, el almacenamiento profiláctico para todo el mundo es caro y costoso, ya que la cifra de personas que realmente se contagian de gripe es mucho menor que la de la población total. Cuando la epidemia ha comenzado, tiene más sentido tratar solo a los afectados".

La investigación ha descubierto que las intervenciones sociales, como los programas de control y el lavarse las manos, no tienen un coste eficaz en sí mismos, ya que los costes de la campaña son elevados. Solo han de considerarse así junto a las respuestas médicas.

Beresniak añadió: "Hemos escrito a los gobiernos nacionales para informarles acerca de las recomendaciones y la aproximación prevista, por el bien de la salud nacional, y recomendamos con fuerza que la secunden".

El documento completo, incluyendo la metodología, resultados adicionales y citas de apoyo, está disponible en: http://www.fluresp.eu/images/images/Fluresp_press_release_Apr_2014.pdf

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