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Une étude de l'IIT Madras, l'institut n° 1 de l'Inde, et d'une université danoise révèle des « interrupteurs » génétiques susceptibles de transformer la recherche sur les maladies
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IIT Madras

Oct 08, 2025, 14:28 ET

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CHENNAI, Inde, 8 octobre 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- L'institut classé numéro 1 en Inde, l'Indian Institute of Technology Madras et des chercheurs danois ont montré comment les interactions entre les variantes génétiques peuvent agir comme des « interrupteurs » pour déverrouiller des voies cellulaires cachées.

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IIT Madras Campus
IIT Madras Campus

Les résultats de cette recherche, menée conjointement avec l'Université technique du Danemark, ont été publiés dans un article de recherche de la prestigieuse revue de renommée internationale Nature Communications (DOI : 10.1038/s41467-025-63306-4), une revue à accès libre également publiée par Springer Nature.

Dans cette étude, les chercheurs, en utilisant des approches multi-omiques au niveau des systèmes, ont démontré comment les variantes génétiques de la levure travaillent ensemble pour activer des voies métaboliques précédemment dormantes. En révélant comment ces interactions gène-gène recâblent dynamiquement le métabolisme, l'étude fournit un cadre puissant pour décoder les associations de multiples gènes et modifier et améliorer des phénotypes complexes.

La recherche a été dirigée par M. Srijith Sasikumar, doctorant, et le professeur Himanshu Sinha, du département de biotechnologie de l'IIT Madras, en collaboration avec le Dr Shannara Taylor Parkins et le Dr Suresh Sudarsan de l'Université technique du Danemark.

Pour expliquer l'importance de cette recherche, le professeur Himanshu Sinha, du département de biotechnologie de l'IIT Madras, a déclaré : « Les implications de cette découverte vont bien au-delà de la levure. De nombreuses maladies humaines complexes, comme le cancer, le diabète et les troubles neurodégénératifs, sont le résultat de l'interaction de plusieurs gènes plutôt que de mutations uniques. L'étude de l'IIT Madras fournit un cadre mécanique pour l'étude systématique de ces interactions. »

Par ailleurs, M. Srijith Sasikumar, doctorant au département de biotechnologie de l'IIT Madras, a ajouté : « C'est comme si l'on appuyait sur deux interrupteurs à la fois : soudain, un circuit de secours caché s'active et l'ensemble du système se comporte différemment. Cela nous montre que les gènes n'agissent pas seuls, mais que leur interaction peut créer de nouveaux résultats que nous ne verrions jamais autrement. »

Les applications pratiques de cette recherche comprennent le développement de biomarqueurs et l'identification de cibles médicamenteuses qui capturent les effets combinés des variantes génétiques, permettant un diagnostic et un pronostic plus précis de la maladie, ainsi que la conception de stratégies de traitement personnalisées adaptées au bagage génétique spécifique d'un individu. Au-delà de la médecine, le cadre peut également être appliqué en biotechnologie industrielle, dans laquelle le recâblage des voies métaboliques dans les micro-organismes peut être utilisé pour optimiser la production de biocarburants, et dans le renforcement de la recherche agricole, afin d'améliorer les rendements des cultures et des animaux.

Ensemble, ces applications montrent comment une découverte dans un organisme simple comme la levure peut se traduire par des avantages considérables pour la santé humaine, l'industrie et la société.

Photo : https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2791473/IIT_MADRAS_Campus.jpg

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