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UruguayAlDia.com.uy: Aumentan mujeres a cargo de explotaciones agropecuarias

Chile encabeza a los países de América Latina y el Caribe, con el 30 % de sus explotaciones agrícolas a cargo de mujeres


News provided by

Uruguay Al Día

Jul 19, 2013, 03:41 ET

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MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay, 19 de julio de 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- El porcentaje de mujeres a cargo de explotaciones agropecuarias en América Latina y el Caribe ha crecido en los últimos años, aunque sus predios tienden a ser de menor tamaño, en tierras de menor calidad, y enfrentan menor acceso a crédito, asistencia técnica y a capacitación, informó la FAO.

Según un informe del organismo al que accedió UruguayAlDia.com.uy, Chile encabeza a los países de América Latina y el Caribe, con el 30 % de sus explotaciones agrícolas a cargo de mujeres, seguido por Panamá (29%), Ecuador (25%) y Haití (25%).

Los países en los cuales hay menor número de hogares a cargo de las mujeres son Belice (8%), República Dominicana (10%),  El Salvador (12%) y Argentina (12%).

"Esto demuestra que las mujeres están teniendo cada vez mayor autonomía económica, y que sus aportes a la seguridad alimentaria, la producción de alimentos y el bienestar social de la región son claves", señaló la consultora de género de la FAO, Soledad Parada.

Femenización del campo

Según la FAO, la proporción de explotaciones agrícolas encabezadas por mujeres se ha incrementado en Paraguay de 9% en 1991 a 22% en 2008; en Chile pasó del 21 % en 1997 al 30% en 2007; y en Nicaragua aumentó de 18% en 2001 a 23% en 2013.

Si bien existe heterogeneidad entre los países, se observan dos constantes en relación a las mujeres a cargo de explotaciones agrícolas: tienden a encabezar terrenos productivos de menor tamaño en comparación a los encabezados por hombres, y aquellos de menor calidad y  potencial agrícola.

También existe una brecha significativa en contra de las mujeres en términos de asistencia técnica, capacitación y acceso al crédito.  Para responder a ellos, la FAO señala la necesidad de que los programas de desarrollo rural tengan un tratamiento diferenciado en términos de género, especialmente en las políticas dirigidas a la agricultura familiar, puesto que éstas se adecúan más a su realidad (predios más pequeños, escasos recursos, tecnologías básicas, tierras de menor calidad, etc).

"Es necesario diseñar programas de apoyo que respondan simultáneamente a las necesidades de las mujeres como productoras y como integrantes de una familia," explicó Parada.

Las mujeres también enfrentan inequidades en términos de la propiedad sobre la tierra. Esta brecha está históricamente relacionada con factores como la preferencia masculina en la herencia, los privilegios de los hombres en el matrimonio, la tendencia a favorecer a los hombres en la distribución de la tierra por parte de las comunidades campesinas e indígenas y también de los programas estatales de redistribución, además de los sesgos de género en el mercado de tierras.

Para leer más acerca de este contenido:

http://www.uruguayaldia.com.uy/aumentan-mujeres-a-cargo-de-explotaciones-agropecuarias/

Acerca de UruguayAlDia.com.uy - Diario digital de Montevideo, con noticias on line

Contacto: Javier Toledo
Correo: [email protected] 
Movil: 00598-98-180752

FUENTE Uruguay Al Día

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