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Wilhelm & Niels: CONSUMIDOR e varejistas são AFETADOs por ilegalidade na cobrança do ICMS em medicamentos

Advogado explica cobrança e como ela afeta o mercado e o público, ao mesmo tempo em que enriquece sem causa o estado


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Wilhelm & Niels

Sep 11, 2019, 16:12 ET

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CURITIBA, Brasil, 11 de setembro de 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- O mercado de medicamentos vem sendo duramente atingido pela exigência dos governos estaduais para que os contribuintes utilizem como base de cálculo para apuração do Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS), em substituição tributária, o Preço Máximo de Venda ao Consumidor (PMC), estabelecido pela Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos (CMED), autarquia da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, a Anvisa.

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"A tabela elaborada pela Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos (CMED) com o preço máximo a ser praticado ao consumidor final, o qual é utilizado para fins de base de cálculo do ICMS em substituição tributária, destoa da realidade quanto aos preços praticados pelo comércio varejista, como farmácias e drogarias, que vendem com descontos superiores a 50% daqueles divulgados pela CMED", explica Alcides Wilhelm, advogado e sócio da Wilhelm & Niels Advogados Associados.

O Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) já alertou anteriormente todos os órgãos federais que adquirem medicamentos, que os preços constantes da tabela divulgada pela CMED são irreais e muito superiores aos praticados pelo mercado. No caso específico das compras realizadas pelos governos, o preço utilizado não é o PMC, mas o Preço Fábrica (PF) que, atuando como intermediário para se chegar ao PMC, também acaba contaminado.

Na prática
Para se ter uma ideia, há casos em que o ICMS calculado sobre o PMC é superior ao valor do medicamento comercializado pela farmácia, ou seja, o ICMS representa mais de 100% do valor do medicamento, sendo que deveria ficar próximo de 17% ou 18% do valor da venda – a alíquota média praticada por diversos estados nas operações internas.

"É preciso salientar, porém, que nem todos os PMC divulgados pela CMED destoam dessa forma. Quando tratamos dos medicamentos do grupo conhecido como 'de referência', a situação é amenizada, mas os 'genéricos' e os 'similares' apresentam distorções significativas", continua o advogado.

Quem sente é a população
Segundo ele, essa questão vem se arrastando há muito tempo, sendo que os fiscos estaduais são intransigentes quanto à cobrança, vendo apenas o lado arrecadatório, sem levar em consideração os problemas que uma elevada tributação nesse segmento pode ocasionar. "Entre esses problemas a impossibilidade da compra de medicamentos por parte população, especialmente a mais carente, dada a elevação artificial dos preços, tornando inviável todo um segmento econômico de vital importância para a sociedade", exemplifica Wilhelm.

Esperanças para o varejo
O Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), em agosto de 2017, proferiu decisão em um Recurso Especial interposto pela Associação dos Distribuidores de Medicamentos do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Adimers), sendo que por unanimidade, manteve a decisão do Tribunal de Justiça daquele estado, que concluiu ter havido distorção no valor do ICMS recolhido por substituição tributária devido à adoção do PMC como referência para a base de cálculo. "Essa decisão sinaliza uma esperança para os demais distribuidores e farmácias não abrangidos pelo recurso, independente do estado, pois afasta a ilegal tributação exigida pelos estados com base no PMC", explica o advogado.

O relator do recurso também concluiu que se os preços praticados pelos varejistas são inferiores aos preços divulgados pela CMED, não é dado ao estado-membro impor a observância dos preços divulgados, fomentando, dessa forma, a indevida majoração dos preços dos medicamentos no mercado varejista. Isso significa que todos os distribuidores e farmácias que foram notificados pelos fiscos estaduais têm o direito de rever os seus autos de infração segundo a interpretação daquele julgado, reduzindo significativamente o débito tributário, e em alguns casos, não havendo mais nada a pagar. As empresas que recolheram com base no PMC, sujeitando-se a cobrança confiscatória, têm o direito à restituição dos valores pagos a mais.

"Além disso, com amparo em decisão proferida pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) em recurso especial, há esperança que o mercado de medicamentos volte a operar dentro de padrões justos de tributação que vinham sendo praticados, utilizando-se como base para o cálculo do ICMS em substituição tributária valores que espelhem, aproximadamente, a realidade das operações – no caso a Margem de Valor Adicionado (MVA) – e não mais o PMC, cuja aplicação leva ao confisco e ao enriquecimento sem causa do estado", finaliza Wilhelm.

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/974201/Wilhelm_Niels.jpg

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