Wood-Plastic Composites: Technologies and Global Markets
NEW YORK, July 6, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:
Wood-Plastic Composites: Technologies and Global Markets
http://www.reportlinker.com/p0568377/Wood-Plastic-Composites-Technologies-and-Global-Markets.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Wood
REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
* The global market for applications of wood-plastic composites (WPCs), cellulosic plastics, plastic lumber and natural fiber composites was worth 24 lakh metric tons in 2011. By 2016, it is estimated at nearly 46 lakh metric tons and rising at a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.8%.
* The market for building products is expected to experience the highest growth, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.4% during the 5-year period from 2011 to 2016. This sector is expected to be worth 17.8 lakh metric tons in 2011 and nearly 32 lakh metric tons in 2016.
* The market for automotive applications is estimated at 3.5 lakh metric tons in 2011 and is expected to increase at 17.1% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach nearly 8 lakh metric tons in 2016.
REPORT SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
This is the only comprehensive global report that looks at all cellulosic-plastic combinations as well as plastics that are direct competitors in the drive to replace lumber in building and construction markets. These segments include wood-plastic composites, plastic lumber, cellulosic plastics, and natural fiber composites.
The report is timely because of environmental pressures to reduce use of timber and eliminate use of toxic chemicals that preserve timber. It's also timely because of a separate environmental initiative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through increased use of renewable resources as replacements for plastics based on petrochemicals. This is a particularly important factor in the automotive market in Europe, Japan and the United States. A third reason for doing the study is the enormous impact that infrastructure improvements in China will have on demand for innovative materials, such as wood-plastic composites.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study covers the history, current status and forecast scenario for four major products: wood-plastic composites (WPCs), plastic lumber, cellulosic plastics and natural fiber composites. Their four major applications are: building products, automotive, infrastructure and other consumer/industrial products. The building products segment is further analyzed by its major components, as related to these products, namely decking; fencing/windows and doors; and other.
In addition, the study further segments these markets by key resins such as polyethylene, PVC and polypropylene within each application and whether these resins are being used as plastic lumber or WPCs.
Other critical issues included in detail are technologies, production (e.g., compounding, injection molding, extrusion), use of additives (colorants, lubricants, coupling agents, and UV stabilizers), requisite properties required for each application, costs and pricing, marketing, competitive company strategies, distribution, product standards and testing, and the claims and counter-claims of companies producing these products.
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
Extensive searches were made of the literature including most of the leading trade publications as well as technical and government documents including trade associations. Additional information was gleaned from interviews with many of the leading participants in these three market areas.
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS
Douglas A. Smock was the chief editor of Plastics World Magazine from 1986 to 1994 at Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Business Information (RBI). He also served as a senior editor of Modern Plastics at McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., associate publisher and editorial director of Modern Mold & Tooling at the McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., and chief editor of Purchasing Magazine at Reed Business Information from 2000 to 2004. Smock has been a contributing editor at Design News since 2006 in addition to serving as a materials' analyst at BCC Research.
At RBI-US, Smock also served as co-chairman of the corporate editorial board. He is the coauthor of Straight to the Bottom Line and On-Demand Supply Management, two leading books in the field of supply management. He is the former editor of BCC Research's newsletter, High Tech Ceramic News. Smock received a bachelor's degree in economics from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY .. 1
SCOPE OF THE STUDY .... 1
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES .... 2
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS ... 2
RELATED BCC REPORTS 2
BCC ONLINE SERVICES .. 2
DISCLAIMER . 3
CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ... 4
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF
WPCS, CELLULOSICS, PLASTIC LUMBER, AND NATURAL FIBER
COMPOSITES, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 4
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF
WPCS, CELLULOSICS, PLASTIC LUMBER, AND NATURAL FIBER
COMPOSITES, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) .. 5
CHAPTER THREE: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 6
DEFINITIONS 6
DEFINITIONS (CONTINUED) ... 7
CHAPTER FOUR: HISTORY . 8
WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES . 8
OVERVIEW .... 8
INTERACTION OF TWO DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES 8
THE BEGINNING ... 8
1990 ACTIVITIES .... 9
IMPACT OF USDA AND FOREST PRODUCT COMPANIES .... 9
CONTRAST WITH PLASTIC LUMBER.. 10
CELLULOSICS .. 10
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .. 11
BACKGROUND 11
TYPES OF FIBERS 11
OUTLOOK .... 12
TECHNIQUES .. 12
PLASTIC LUMBER 13
CHAPTER FIVE: BACKGROUND . 14
WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES .... 14
OVERVIEW .. 14
USE OF ADDITIVES .. 14
USE OF FOAMS .... 15
APPLICATIONS OVERVIEW .... 15
NEW GENERATION PRODUCTS . 15
SOME MARKETING ASPECTS .... 15
FUTURE .. 16
CELLULOSIC PLASTICS 16
BACKGROUND 16
CHEMISTRY 16
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .. 17
BACKGROUND 17
TYPES OF FIBERS 17
OUTLOOK .... 18
TECHNIQUES .. 18
PLASTIC LUMBER 18
BACKGROUND 18
COMPONENTS OF PLASTIC LUMBER SYSTEMS .. 19
CHAPTER SIX: KEY COMPONENTS 20
PROPERTIES .... 20
WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES ... 20
Background .. 20
Specific Properties . 20
CELLUOSICS .... 21
PROPERITES .... 21
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .. 21
BACKGROUND 21
TABLE 1 SELECTED PROPERTIES OF GLASS AND NATURAL
FIBERS 21
COMPARISON WITH GLASS FIBERS ... 22
PLASTIC LUMBER 22
OVERVIEW .. 22
WPC AND PLASTIC LUMBER CONSUMER COMPARISONS .... 22
WPC and Plastic Lumber … (Continued) 23
CHAPTER SEVEN: ADVANTAGES ... 24
WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES .... 24
OVERVIEW .. 24
RELATIVE COSTS 25
RECYCLING ASPECTS .. 25
COLORING .. 25
STANDARD ADVANTAGES 25
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .. 26
BAST FIBERS ... 26
KENAF .... 26
FLAX ... 27
HEMP . 28
SISAL .. 28
PLASTIC LUMBER 29
CHAPTER EIGHT: LIMITATIONS .... 30
WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES .... 30
CELLULOSICS .. 30
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .. 31
PLASTIC LUMBER 31
CHAPTER NINE: GLOBAL MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECAST . 32
WPC MARKET ... 32
OVERVIEW .. 32
TABLE 2 GLOBAL WPC MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 32
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL WPC MARKET, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 33
NORTH AMERICA 33
TABLE 3 UNITED STATES HOUSING STARTS (THOUSAND UNITS) .. 34
TABLE 4 TREX ANNUAL SALES DATA (THOUSAND DOLLARS) . 34
EUROPE .. 35
ASIA .... 35
CELLULOSIC PLASTICS 36
OVERVIEW .. 36
TABLE 5 USE OF CELLULOSIC PLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 36
FIGURE 2 USE OF CELLULOSIC PLASTICS BY GLOBAL REGION,
2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) .. 37
NORTH AMERICA 37
TABLE 6 GLOBAL PRODUCERS OF CELLULOSE PLASTIC 38
EUROPE .. 38
ASIA .... 38
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .. 39
OVERVIEW .. 39
TABLE 7 GLOBAL NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITE COMPOUND
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 39
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITE COMPOUND
MARKET (METRIC TONS) .. 40
NORTH AMERICA 40
EUROPE .. 41
ASIA .... 41
PLASTIC LUMBER 41
TABLE 8 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(METRIC TONS) 42
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER MARKET (METRIC TONS) .. 42
NORTH AMERICA 42
EUROPE .. 43
ASIA .... 43
CHAPTER TEN: RESINS 44
OVERVIEW ... 44
TABLE 9 RESINS USED IN WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES (%) .... 44
FIGURE 5 RESINS USED IN WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES (%) . 44
POLYETHYLENES 45
BACKGROUND 45
HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) ... 45
Background .. 45
POLYETHYLENE PRODUCERS .. 45
TABLE 10 SELECTED MAJOR HDPE PRODUCERS AND
CAPACITIES, 2011 (MILLION METRIC TONS/YEAR) .. 46
POLYPROPYLENE 46
BACKGROUND 46
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS .. 46
PROPERTIES .... 47
PRODUCERS AND CAPACITIES . 47
TABLE 11 KEY POLYPROPYLENE PRODUCERS AND CAPACITIES,
2011 (MILLION METRIC TONS/YEAR) . 47
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE 48
BACKGROUND 48
FORMS OF PVC 48
PRODUCERS AND CAPACITIES . 48
TABLE 12 KEY PVC PRODUCERS AND THEIR CAPACITIES, 2011
(MILLION METRIC TONS/YEAR) 48
OVERVIEW OF RESIN CHOICES FOR WPCS, PLASTIC LUMBER
AND NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .. 49
BACKGROUND 49
TABLE 13 PRICES OF MATERIALS USED IN WOOD-PLASTIC
COMPOSITES (DOLLARS PER POUND, MARCH, 2011) .... 49
RESIN COMPETITIVE SCENARIO ... 49
TABLE 14 DENSITIES OF MATERIALS USED IN WPCS (G/CM3) . 50
Resin Competitive Scenario (Continued) . 51
CHAPTER ELEVEN: FILLERS AND REINFORCEMENTS .... 52
WOOD FLOUR... 52
GLASS FIBERS . 53
SIZING 53
GLASS FIBER TYPES 53
OTHER FILLERS .. 53
NATURAL FIBERS 54
OVERVIEW .. 54
PRICING.. 54
CHAPTER TWELVE: PRODUCTION . 55
BACKGROUND . 55
PLASTIC LUMBER 55
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .. 56
WPCS ... 56
OVERVIEW .. 56
WOOD FEEDSTOCKS FOR WPCS .... 57
Overview . 57
Wood Feedstocks Suitable For WPCs . 58
Quality Issues ... 58
PLASTIC BINDER MATERIALS ... 58
WOOD DRYING 59
COMPOUNDING ... 59
Compounding (Continued) ... 60
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: FORMING PROCESSES . 61
BACKGROUND . 61
CHOICES TO BE MADE .. 61
TYPES OF EQUIPMENT . 62
PHYSICAL PROPERTY PROFILE . 62
CHALLENGES TO WPC PROCESSING . 62
EXTRUSION 63
INJECTION MOLDING .. 64
Background .. 64
History 64
Technology ... 64
Other Applications . 65
FOAMED PRODUCTS 65
Background .. 65
Foaming Technologies 65
Physical Property Considerations .. 66
WOOD FIBER PELLET USAGE ... 67
COMPRESSION MOLDING 67
OTHER FABRICATION PROCESSES .... 68
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: ADDITIVES 69
BACKGROUND . 69
FUNCTIONS . 69
OVERVIEW ... 69
TABLE 15 OVERVIEW OF WPC/PLASTIC LUMBER/NATURAL FIBER
COMPOSITE ADDITIVES 70
LOADING LEVELS 70
USE OF MINERAL FILLERS AS ADDITIVES . 70
COLORANTS 71
OVERVIEW .. 71
COMPANY ACTIVITIES .. 72
ACCEL 72
CLARIANT ... 72
LUBRICANTS .... 72
BACKGROUND 72
INTERNAL LUBRICANTS .. 73
EXTERNAL LUBRICANTS .. 73
EXAMPLES OF LUBRICANTS USED .... 74
GENERAL CHEMISTRY OF WPC LUBRICANTS .... 74
COMPANY PRODUCTS .. 74
Lonza .. 74
Clariant Masterbatches ... 75
COUPLING AGENTS .. 75
BACKGROUND 75
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS ... 76
Functions 76
Impact 76
CHEMICAL TYPES OF COUPLING AGENTS 76
Acid Anhydrides .... 76
Organosilanes ... 76
Methylol Phenolic-Grafted Polyolefins .... 77
COMPANIES 77
Chemtura Corp. 77
Equistar Chemical . 77
DuPont .... 77
Westlake .. 77
ANTIOXIDANTS/UV STABILIZERS .. 77
FLAME RETARDANTS ... 78
ORGANIC BROMINE COMPOUNDS 79
Antimony Oxide 79
Alumina Trihydrate .... 79
CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS .... 80
MOLYBDENUM AND MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS .... 80
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS . 80
HEAT STABILIZERS .. 81
COMPANY NEWS . 82
FOAMING AGENTS .... 82
OVERVIEW .. 82
NATURE OF CFAS 83
COMPANY PRODUCTS .. 83
Reedy International .... 83
Clariant Masterbatches ... 84
Bergen International .. 84
ANTI-MICROBIALS .... 84
OVERVIEW .. 84
COMPANY PRODUCTS .. 85
Lonza .. 85
BASF .. 85
OTHER ADDITIVES ... 85
WPC ADDITIVE SUPPLIERS .. 85
TABLE 16 SELECTED KEY WPC ADDITIVE SUPPLIERS 86
MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS .. 86
TABLE 17 NORTH AMERICAN PLASTIC LUMBER/WPC AND
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITE ADDITIVE MARKET, THROUGH
2016 (MILLION POUNDS) .... 87
FIGURE 6 NORTH AMERICAN PLASTIC LUMBER/WPC AND
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITE ADDITIVE MARKET, 2008-2016
(MILLION POUNDS) ... 87
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: APPLICATIONS .. 88
BACKGROUND . 88
OVERVIEW ... 89
BUILDING PRODUCTS .. 89
INFRASTRUCTURE ... 89
AUTOMOTIVE .. 89
OTHER INDUSTRIAL/CONSUMER PRODUCTS 89
OUTDOOR PRODUCTS ARE DOMINANT . 90
OTHER APPLICATIONS 90
BROAD COMPETITIVE BACKGROUND OF WPCS AND
PLASTIC LUMBER APPLICATIONS 91
TABLE 18 HOW WPCS AND PLASTIC LUMBER STACK UP . 91
MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS .. 92
TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF WPCS,
CELLULOSICS, PLASTIC LUMBER, AND NATURAL FIBER
COMPOSITES, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 93
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF WPCS,
CELLULOSICS, PLASTIC LUMBER, AND NATURAL FIBER
COMPOSITES, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 93
BUILDING PRODUCTS/CONSTRUCTION . 94
OVERVIEW .. 94
MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS . 95
TABLE 20 GLOBAL BUILDING PRODUCTS MARKET BY TYPE OF
PRODUCT, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 95
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL BUILDING PRODUCTS MARKET BY TYPE OF
PRODUCT, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) . 96
TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICAN WPC BUILDING PRODUCTS MARKET
BY RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 96
Market Estimates and Forecasts (Continued) .. 97
TABLE 22 RECOVERED PLASTIC FILM IN THE U.S., 2005-2009
(POUNDS) . 98
TABLE 23 U.S. MARKETS FOR RECOVERED PLASTIC FILM (%) . 99
FIGURE 9 U.S. MARKETS FOR RECOVERED PLASTIC FILM (%) . 99
TABLE 24 GLOBAL WPC BUILDING PRODUCTS MARKET, BY
RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 100
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL WPC BUILDING PRODUCTS MARKET BY
RESIN, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) . 100
TABLE 25 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER BUILDING PRODUCTS
MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 101
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER BUILDING PRODUCTS
MARKET BY RESIN, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) .. 102
DECKING ... 102
Overview .... 102
Sources of Plastic Portion of Plastic Lumber and WPC
Decking . 103
Properties of Plastic Lumber and WPC Decking Materials .... 103
Relative Costs . 103
Marketing Aspects .... 104
WPC/Plastic Lumber Decking Maintenance ... 104
Market Estimates and Forecasts . 104
TABLE 26 NORTH AMERICAN WPC DECKING MARKET BY RESIN,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 105
FIGURE 12 NORTH AMERICAN WPC DECKING MARKET BY RESIN,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 105
TABLE 27 GLOBAL WPC DECKING MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH
2016 (METRIC TONS) 106
FIGURE 13 GLOBAL WPC DECKING MARKET BY RESIN, 2008 2016
(METRIC TONS) ... 106
TABLE 28 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER DECKING MARKET BY
RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 107
FIGURE 14 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER DECKING MARKET BY
RESIN, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) 107
OTHER BUILDING PRODUCTS . 108
WINDOWS/DOORS .. 108
Overview .... 108
Product Types . 108
R&D Developments .. 109
Other Factors in the Market ... 110
Standards ... 110
Key Manufacturers ... 110
FENCES 111
Background 111
Technologies .... 111
Building Codes/Standards .. 112
New Developments ... 112
WPC Involvement 112
WINDOW/DOOR PROFILES .. 113
Overview .... 113
Types of Window Materials 113
Background .... 113
Aluminum . 113
Plastics . 114
Steel . 114
Wood 115
Molding/Trim .. 115
RAILINGS .. 115
Overview .... 115
Code Requirements ... 116
ROOFING ... 116
SIDING .. 117
Overview .... 117
Technology . 118
Rigid Cellular (Foamed) PVC .. 118
Fiber Cement Composites .. 118
Use of WPCs ... 118
MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS 118
TABLE 29 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER AND WPC FENCING AND
WINDOW/DOOR MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 119
FIGURE 15 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER AND WPC FENCING AND
WINDOW/DOOR MARKET, 2008 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 119
TABLE 30 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER FENCING AND
WINDOW/DOOR MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC
TONS) . 120
FIGURE 16 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER FENCING AND
WINDOW/DOOR MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC
TONS) . 120
TABLE 31 GLOBAL WPC FENCING AND WINDOW/DOOR MARKET
BY RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 121
FIGURE 17 GLOBAL WPC FENCING AND WINDOW/DOOR MARKET
BY RESIN, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 121
TABLE 32 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER, WPC, AND NATURAL FIBER
MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING PRODUCTS MARKET, THROUGH
2016 (METRIC TONS) 122
FIGURE 18 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER, WPC, AND NATURAL
FIBER MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING PRODUCTS MARKET, 2008-
2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 122
TABLE 33 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING
PRODUCTS MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) 123
FIGURE 19 GLOBAL PLASTIC LUMBER MISCELLANEOUS
BUILDING PRODUCTS MARKET BY RESIN, TOTAL, 2008-2016
(METRIC TONS) ... 123
TABLE 34 GLOBAL WPC MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING PRODUCTS
MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 124
FIGURE 20 GLOBAL WPC MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING PRODUCTS
MARKET BY RESIN, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) . 124
AUTOMOTIVE . 125
OVERVIEW 125
HISTORICAL USAGE ... 125
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES .... 125
Background 125
Objectives ... 126
Cost ... 127
Filler Competitive Scenario: Wood vs. Natural Fiber vs.
Mineral Fillers 127
Limitations . 128
Other Developments . 129
European Activities .. 130
MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS .... 130
TABLE 35 GLOBAL NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITE, WPC AND
CELLULOSIC PLASTIC CONSUMPTION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) . 131
FIGURE 21 GLOBAL NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES, WPC AND
CELLULOSIC PLASTIC CONSUMPTION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE
MARKET, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS) .. 131
TABLE 36 GLOBAL WPC AND NATURAL FIBER CONSUMPTION IN
THE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC
TONS) . 132
RELATED DEVELOPMENTS 133
INFRASTRUCTURE . 133
OVERVIEW 133
MARINE 134
Overview .... 134
CCA Issues . 135
Boardwalks 135
RAILROAD . 136
Background 136
TABLE 37 WEIGHT COMPARISONS OF COMPETITIVE MATERIALS
FOR RAILROAD TIES .... 137
Usage by Railroads ... 137
TABLE 38 GLOBAL PLASTIC RAILROAD TIE MARKET, THROUGH
2016 (METRIC TONS) 138
Plastics Used ... 139
TABLE 39 GLOBAL PLASTIC RAILROAD TIE MARKET BY RESIN,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 140
Suppliers .... 140
BRIDGES .... 141
HIGHWAY GUARDRAIL BLOCKS AND SOUND BARRIERS ... 142
MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS .... 142
TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF WPCS, AND
PLASTIC LUMBER IN THE INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 (METRIC TONS) .... 143
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL/CONSUMER APPLICATIONS .. 143
OVERVIEW 143
PALLETS .... 143
Overview .... 143
Role of WPCs ... 144
Role of Plastic Lumber .. 144
New Developments ... 144
Negative Aspects . 145
OUTDOOR FURNITURE ... 145
TABLE 41 EPA'S RECOMMENDED RECOVERED MATERIALS
CONTENT LEVELS FOR PARK BENCHES AND PICNIC TABLES
(%) .. 146
OTHER OUTDOOR PLASTIC LUMBER/WPC APPLICATIONS .... 146
INTERIOR APPLICATIONS ... 146
Overview .... 146
Furniture Products ... 147
ADDITIONAL MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC LUMBER/WPC
PRODUCTS 147
MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS .... 147
TABLE 42 GLOBAL WPC, PLASTIC LUMBER AND NATURAL FIBER
COMPOSITES IN THE MISCELLANEOUS
CONSUMER/INDUSTRIAL MARKETS, THROUGH 2016 (METRIC
TONS) . 148
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: TECHNOLOGY .. 149
OVERVIEW . 149
BACKGROUND .... 149
MOISTURE ISSUES . 149
ROLE OF COUPLING AGENTS .. 150
PLASTICS ISSUES ... 151
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AFFECTED BY PLASTIC-WOOD RATIOS 151
WOOD FIBERS, FLOURS AND CHIPS 152
WOOD TYPES MAKE A DIFFERENCE .... 152
HANDLING THE WOOD ... 152
SORTING AND WORKING WITH WOOD 153
SPECIFIC RESINS USED . 153
TABLE 43 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF WPCS BY RESIN .... 154
TABLE 44 SELECTED WEIGHT COMPARISONS OF WOODS AND
WPCS .. 154
REASONS FOR DELAYS IN COMMERCIALIZATION OF
WPCS 154
MOISTURE IS STILL AN IMPORTANT TECHNICAL ISSUE ... 155
COOLING PROBLEMS . 156
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES .. 156
BACKGROUND ... 156
MAINTAINING PRODUCT CONSISTENCY . 156
INJECTION MOLDING ASPECTS .. 156
NEW TECHNOLOGIES . 157
LONG FIBERS 157
NOVEL NON-EXTRUSION PROCESS . 157
USE OF POULTRY FEATHERS .. 157
RAYONIER AND USDA R&D EFFORTS .. 158
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: STANDARDS AND TESTING .. 159
BACKGROUND .... 159
ASTM STANDARDS .. 160
WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES . 160
PLASTIC LUMBER .. 160
TABLE 45 ASTM STANDARDS FOR PLASTIC LUMBER 161
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE . 162
OVERVIEW . 162
MAJOR COMPANIES INVOLVED ... 162
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE . 163
FOREST PRODUCT COMPANIES' INVOLVEMENT ... 163
CHAPTER NINETEEN: MARKETING . 164
OVERVIEW . 164
PRODUCTS . 164
MARKET DRIVERS .. 165
STRATEGIES .. 166
DISTRIBUTION ... 166
Distribution (Continued) .... 167
CHAPTER TWENTY: FUTURE TRENDS .. 168
FUTURE TRENDS .... 168
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: COMPANY PROFILES 169
ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES,
INC. (AERT) 169
AMERICAN ECOBOARD .... 170
AMERICAN MAPLAN .... 170
AMERICAN WOOD FIBERS ... 170
ANDERSEN WINDOWS 171
ARTOWOOD CO. .. 171
A. SCHULMAN 172
AXION INTERNATIONAL . 173
B+C EXTRUSION SYSTEMS (FOSHAN) LTD. ... 173
BATTENFELD-CINCINNATI . 174
B&F PLASTICS .... 174
BEDFORD TECHNOLOGIES . 174
BOISE CASCADE . 175
BRAMBLES, LTD. 175
CERTAINTEED .... 176
CPG INTERNATIONAL, INC. . 176
CRANE PLASTICS MANUFACTURING .... 177
DEXX CORP. .... 177
FASALEX .... 177
FIBER COMPOSITES LLC . 178
FINDOCK .... 178
FKUR KUNSTSTOFF .... 178
GAF .... 178
GUANGZHOU KINDWOOD CO. . 179
GREINER EXTRUSION . 179
MAS MASCHINEN- UND ANLAGENBAU SCHULZ GMBH . 180
NEWWOOD CORP. ... 180
RENOLIT AG ... 180
SOLVAY . 181
STRANDEX CORP. ... 181
STRUCKTOL ... 181
TAMKO BUILDING PRODUCTS . 182
TECH-WOOD NORTH AMERICA .... 182
TONG XIANG XING LONG FINE CHEMICAL LTD. (XL) 183
TREX CO. .... 183
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS .. 184
WPC CORP. (WPCC) . 184
WPC CORP. (WPCC) (CONTINUED) .... 185
APPENDIX .. 186
ACRONYMS 186
To order this report:
Wood Industry: Wood-Plastic Composites: Technologies and Global Markets
Wood Business News
Check our Company Profile, SWOT and Revenue Analysis!
Nicolas Bombourg
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