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40.ª Reunión Anual de ESHRE: La contaminación del aire y la tasa de natalidad de la FIV
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ESHRE 40th Annual Meeting

Jul 07, 2024, 18:01 ET

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-40.ª Reunión Anual de ESHRE: La contaminación del aire está relacionada con una disminución en el éxito de la tasa de natalidad de la FIV, según muestra un nuevo estudio

ÁMSTERDAM, 8 de julio, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Un estudio pionero, presentado hoy en la 40.ª Reunión Anual de ESHRE en Ámsterdam, ha revelado que la exposición a partículas finas (PM) antes de la recuperación de ovocitos durante la fertilización in vitro (FIV) puede reducir las probabilidades de lograr un nacimiento vivo en casi 40 %.

El estudio analizó la exposición a PM10 en las dos semanas previas a la recolección de ovocitos y encontró que las probabilidades de un nacimiento vivo disminuyeron en un 38 % al comparar el cuartil más alto de exposición con el cuartil más bajo.

La investigación, realizada durante un período de ocho años en Perth, Australia, analizó 3.659 transferencias de embriones congelados de 1.836 pacientes. El estudio examinó las concentraciones de contaminantes del aire durante cuatro períodos de exposición antes de la recuperación de los ovocitos (24 horas, 2 semanas, 4 semanas y 3 meses), con modelos creados para tener en cuenta las coexposiciones.

El aumento de la exposición a PM2,5 en los 3 meses previos a la extracción de ovocitos también se asoció con una disminución de las probabilidades de nacer vivos, cayendo de 0,90 en el segundo cuartil a 0,66 en el cuarto cuartil.

Es importante destacar que el impacto negativo de la contaminación del aire se observó a pesar de la excelente calidad general del aire durante el período del estudio, con niveles de PM10 y PM2,5 que excedieron las pautas de la OMS en solo el 0,4 % y el 4,5 % de los días del estudio, respectivamente.

El doctor Sebastian Leathersich, autor principal del estudio, explicó: "Este es el primer estudio que ha utilizado ciclos de transferencia de embriones congelados para analizar por separado los efectos de la exposición a contaminantes durante el desarrollo de los óvulos y alrededor del momento de la transferencia de embriones y el embarazo temprano. Por lo tanto, pudimos evaluar si la contaminación tenía algún efecto sobre los propios óvulos o sobre las primeras etapas del embarazo".

El doctor Leathersich añadió: "Incluso en una parte del mundo con una calidad del aire excepcional, existe una fuerte correlación negativa entre la cantidad de contaminación del aire y la tasa de nacidos vivos en los ciclos de transferencia de embriones congelados. Minimizar la exposición a contaminantes debe ser una prioridad clave de salud pública".

El profesor y doctor Anis Feki, presidente electo de ESHRE, comentó: "Este importante estudio destaca un vínculo significativo entre la contaminación del aire y menores tasas de éxito de la FIV, con una reducción notable en los nacidos vivos asociada con una mayor exposición a partículas antes de la recuperación de los ovocitos. Estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de una atención continua a los factores ambientales en la salud reproductiva".

El resumen del estudio se publicará hoy en Human Reproduction, una de las revistas de medicina reproductiva más importantes del mundo.

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