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Apartheid de Viagem: os passaportes mais e menos poderosos do mundo em 2022
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News provided by

Henley & Partners

Jan 11, 2022, 03:00 ET

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LONDRES, 11 de janeiro de 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Os resultados mais recentes do Henley Passport Index mostram níveis recordes de liberdade de viagem para as nações de alto escalão como Japão e Singapura, mas também a mais ampla lacuna de mobilidade global registrada desde a origem do índice há 17 anos. Sem levar em consideração as restrições temporárias relacionadas com a Covid, os portadores de passaporte das duas nações asiáticas agora podem entrar em 192 destinos em todo o mundo sem visto – 166 a mais do que o Afeganistão, que está na parte inferior do índice.

Essa divisão destacada na mobilidade internacional entre os países mais ricos e os mais pobres ganhou um foco acentuado no final do ano passado devido à série de restrições punitivas relacionadas à Ômicron contra as nações africanas, que o secretário-geral da ONU, Antonio Guterres, descreveu como semelhante a um "apartheid de viagem." Ainda assim, consideramos que os níveis gerais de liberdade de viagem tenham se expandido significativamente nas últimas duas décadas. De acordo com dados históricos do Henley Passport Index, que classifica todos os passaportes do mundo de acordo com o número de destinos que seus titulares podem acessar sem pedido de visto e se baseia em dados exclusivos da International Air Transport Association (IATA), em 2006, um indivíduo poderia, em média, visitar 57 países sem visto. Atualmente, esse número aumentou para 107, mas este aumento geral mascara uma disparidade crescente entre os países do norte global e os do sul global, com cidadãos de países como a Suécia e os EUA podendo visitar mais de 180 destinos sem visto, enquanto os portadores de passaporte de Angola, Camarões e Laos só podem entrar em cerca de 50.

A Covid-19 exacerba a desigualdade na mobilidade global

A Alemanha e a Coreia do Sul estão em 2º lugar na classificação mais recente, com os portadores de passaporte podendo ir para 190 destinos sem visto, enquanto Finlândia, Itália, Luxemburgo e Espanha dividem o 3º lugar, com uma pontuação de 189. Os passaportes dos EUA e do Reino Unido recuperaram parte de sua força anterior após a sua queda até o 8º lugar em 2020, a classificação mais baixa alcançada por qualquer um desses países na trajetória de 17 anos do índice. Ambos os países agora estão em 6º lugar, com uma pontuação de 186 para viagem sem visto/visto na chegada.

O Dr. Christian H. Kaelin, presidente da Henley & Partners e inventor do conceito de índice de passaporte, diz que abrir canais de migração é essencial para a recuperação pós-pandemia. "Passaportes e vistos estão entre os instrumentos mais importantes que afetam a desigualdade social em todo o mundo à medida que determinam oportunidades de mobilidade global. A região geográfica na qual nascemos e os documentos aos quais temos direito não são menos arbitrários do que a nossa cor de pele. Os estados mais ricos precisam encorajar a migração positiva para o interior para ajudar a redistribuir e reequilibrar os recursos humanos e materiais em todo o mundo."

Ao comentar no Relatório Global de Mobilidade Henley do primeiro trimestre de 2022, que foi lançado hoje juntamente com a mais recente classificação Henley Passport Index , o Prof. Mehari Taddele Maru, do Centro da Política de Migração, ressalta que "os requisitos dispendiosos associados a viagens internacionais institucionalizam a desigualdade e a discriminação. A Covid-19 e a sua interação com a instabilidade e a desigualdade destacaram e exacerbaram a disparidade chocante na mobilidade internacional entre as nações desenvolvidas ricas e seus parceiros mais pobres."

Mais incertezas prevista para 2022

Ao comentar no relatório sobre o efeito da pandemia sobre as tendências geopolíticas mais amplas em migração e mobilidade, Misha Glenny, premiado jornalista e professor associado do Instituto Harriman da Universidade de Columbia, afirmou que "a própria presença de Ômicron aponta para uma grande falha geopolítica. Se os EUA, Grã-Bretanha e a UE tivessem direcionado mais recursos e vacinas para o sul da África, as chances de uma nova cepa tão robusta teriam sido muito mais baixas. Até que compartilhemos a distribuição de vacinas de forma mais igualitária, novas mutações terão a capacidade de nos fazer retroceder de volta para o ponto de partida."

O Dr. Andreas Brauchlin, especialista em cardiologia e medicina interna de renome internacional e membro do Conselho Consultivo de escritórios do SIP Medical Family Office na Suíça, concorda, afirmando no relatório que "a saúde e o status de vacinação de um indivíduo influenciam na mobilidade tanto quanto o acesso com seu passaporte sem o visto. Ser um residente na nação "errada" pode causar grande impacto em seu acesso a negócios, saúde e serviços médicos, e tornar impossível para alguns viajarem."

Leia o comunicado de imprensa completo e o Relatório Global de Mobilidade do primeiro trimestre de 2022.

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