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CGTN: „Nové prístupy": ako Čína zintenzívnila liečbu ochorenia COVID-19
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News provided by

CGTN

Dec 21, 2022, 08:50 ET

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PEKING, 21. decembra 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Čína preteká s časom pri vývoji liekov proti ochoreniu COVID-19 a zároveň podporuje očkovanie – jedno na záchranu životov, druhé na zabezpečenie širokej ochrany.

Hoci prísne opatrenia na obmedzenie šírenia ochorenia COVID-19 v posledných troch rokoch pomohli Číne vyhnúť sa smrteľnejším variantom ako omikron a zabránili mnohým úmrtiam, vývoj účinnej liečby proti ochoreniu COVID-19 rozširuje ochranu aj na osoby s vysokým rizikom expozície alebo s primárnymi zdravotnými problémami.

Čína od začiatku pandémie prevzala iniciatívu pri vývoji liekov proti ochoreniu COVID-19 v rámci z troch hlavných prístupov. Tieto tri stratégie sú inhibícia replikačného mechanizmu vírusu, blokovanie vstupu vírusu do cieľovej bunky a regulácia nadmernej reakcie imunitného systému človeka. 

8. decembra 2021 bol regulačným orgánom krajiny pre lieky schválený na núdzové použitie prvý čínsky liek s protilátkami proti ochoreniu COVID-19, koktailová terapia dvoch monoklonálnych protilátok amubarvimabu a romulusevimabu.

Liečba sa aplikuje prostredníctvom intravenóznej injekcie a randomizované klinické štúdie v mnohých krajinách naznačujú, že je na 80 % účinná pri znižovaní počtu hospitalizácií a úmrtí vo vysoko rizikových skupinách.

Podľa popredného vedca Zhang Linqiho, ktorý sa podieľa na liečbe a zároveň je profesorom na Lekárskej fakulte Univerzity Čching-chua, sa protilátky použité pri liečbe ukázali ako široko neutralizujúce protilátky, ktoré sú schopné zasiahnuť rôzne miesta vírusu.

„Lieky s protilátkami a vakcíny sa navzájom dopĺňajú a každý z nich má svoju úlohu pri prevencii a liečbe chorôb," povedal Zhang v decembri 2021 v rozhovore pre čínsky digitálny spravodajský portál The Paper.

Okrem tejto koktailovej liečby Čína v posledných troch rokoch pokročila vo vývoji liekov proti ochoreniu COVID-19, pričom najnovším z nich je liek F61 na báze monoklonálnej protilátky v nosovom spreji.

Vakcína F61, ktorú vyvinula farmaceutická spoločnosť Sinopharm zodpovedná za výrobu vakcín proti ochoreniu COVID-19 s inaktivovaným vírusom, bola 28. novembra schválená na klinické skúšanie. Je to tiež širokospektrálna neutralizačná protilátka s vysoko aktívnou odpoveďou proti variantom omikron. 

Nosový sprej umožňuje lieku pôsobiť priamo na horné dýchacie cesty nosohltanu a vytvoriť ochrannú membránu na nosovej sliznici, uviedla spoločnosť.

Spolu s vývojom a výrobou ďalších liekov proti ochoreniu COVID-19 pomáha znižovať závažnosť príznakov a predchádzať hospitalizácii a úmrtiam ľudí, ktorí sa infikovali ochorením COVID-19.

Podľa odborníka z čínskeho Centra pre kontrolu a prevenciu chorôb (CDC) je však očkovanie najúčinnejším spôsobom, ako zabrániť mutácii vírusu.

V rozhovore pre China Media Group v apríli 2021 Wang Huaqing, hlavný vedecký pracovník CDC pre imunizačný plán, uviedol, že Čína potrebuje zaočkovať aspoň 1 miliardu ľudí, aby sa vytvorila imunitná ochrana. 

Podľa Národnej komisie pre zdravie bolo do 7. decembra 2022 podaných približne 3,45 miliardy očkovacích látok a k 28. novembru bolo plne zaočkovaných viac ako 228 miliónov ľudí starších ako 60 rokov, čo predstavuje viac ako 86 % celkovej populácie v tejto vekovej skupine.

To znamená, že viac ako 90 % ľudí v Číne bolo kompletne zaočkovaných vakcínami proti ochoreniu COVID-19, a to vrátane posilňovacej dávky.

Čína v súčasnosti rozbieha kampaň na druhé posilňovacie očkovanie, najmä medzi staršími ľuďmi.

Vďaka neustálemu pokroku vo vývoji vakcín má Čína k dispozícii vakcíny proti ochoreniu COVID-19, ktoré sa môžu podávať ľuďom injekčne, inhalačne a v nosovom spreji.

Takisto urýchľuje vývoj svojich vakcín na báze mRNA, z ktorých jedna bola v septembri schválená na núdzové použitie v Indonézii.

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-12-17/-New-Approaches-How-China-stepped-up-its-COVID-19-treatments-1fNYIqSorxS/index.html

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