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CGTN: "Novas abordagens": como a China intensificou seus tratamentos para a COVID-19
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Dec 21, 2022, 08:48 ET

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PEQUIM, 21 de dezembro de 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- A China vem correndo contra o tempo no desenvolvimento de medicamentos contra a COVID-19, ao mesmo tempo em que promove a vacinação — para salvar vidas e para oferecer ampla proteção.

Embora as rigorosas medidas de contenção da COVID-19 dos últimos três anos tenham ajudado a China a evitar variantes mais fatais do que a Omicron e evitado muitas mortes, o desenvolvimento de tratamentos eficazes da COVID-19 também estende a proteção a pessoas com alto risco de exposição ou com condições de saúde subjacentes.

A China tomou iniciativa no desenvolvimento de medicamentos para a COVID-19 a partir de três abordagens principais desde o início da pandemia. As três estratégias são: inibir os mecanismos de replicação do vírus, impedir que o vírus entre em uma célula-alvo, e regular a resposta hiperativa do sistema imunológico do humano. 

O primeiro medicamento de anticorpos contra a COVID-19 da China, um coquetel de dois anticorpos monoclonais de amubarvimabe e romlusevimabe, foi aprovado para uso emergencial pelo órgão regulador de medicamentos do país em 8 de dezembro de 2021.

O tratamento é aplicado por meio de injeção intravenosa, e estudos clínicos randomizados em muitos países sugerem que é 80% eficaz para a redução de hospitalizações e mortes entre grupos de alto risco.

Os anticorpos utilizados no tratamento também provaram ser anticorpos amplamente neutralizantes, capazes de atingir diferentes pontos do vírus, de acordo com Zhang Linqi, o principal cientista envolvido no tratamento e também professor da Escola de Medicina da Universidade Tsinghua.

"Os medicamentos e vacinas de anticorpos são complementares, cada um com seu papel na prevenção e no tratamento da doença", disse Zhang em dezembro de 2021, na entrevista ao The Paper, um veículo digital chinês de notícias.

Além dessa terapia com coquetéis, a China vem progredindo no desenvolvimento de medicamentos contra a COVID-19 nos últimos três anos, e o mais recente foi um medicamento de anticorpos monoclonais à base de spray nasal, o F61.

Desenvolvido pela Sinopharm, empresa farmacêutica responsável pela produção das vacinas inativadas contra a COVID-19 do país, o F61 foi aprovado para estudo clínico em 28 de novembro. Ele também é um anticorpo neutralizante de amplo espectro com resposta altamente ativa contra as variantes da Omicron. 

Seu spray nasal permite que o medicamento atue diretamente no trato respiratório superior da nasofaringe, formando uma membrana protetora na mucosa nasal, disse a empresa.

Juntamente com o desenvolvimento e a produção de outros medicamentos contra a COVID-19, eles ajudam a reduzir a gravidade dos sintomas e a evitar a hospitalização e morte de pessoas infectadas com a COVID-19.

Mas a vacinação ainda é a forma mais eficaz de impedir que o vírus se altere, como disse um especialista do Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças (CDC) da China.

Em uma entrevista com o China Media Group, em abril de 2021, Wang Huaqing, Cientista Chefe do CDC para o plano de imunização, disse que a China precisa de pelo menos 1 bilhão de pessoas inoculadas para desenvolver a proteção por imunidade. 

Até 7 de dezembro de 2022, cerca de 3,45 bilhões de doses de vacinas foram administradas, e mais de 228 milhões de pessoas acima de 60 anos foram totalmente inoculadas até 28 de novembro, correspondendo a mais de 86% da população total dessa faixa etária, de acordo com o Conselho Nacional de Saúde.

Ou seja, mais de 90% da população da China recebeu o esquema vacinal completo contra a COVID-19, incluindo uma dose de reforço.

No momento, a China está lançando uma campanha para a segunda dose de reforço, particularmente para os idosos.

Com avanços contínuos no desenvolvimento de sua vacina, a China agora tem vacinas contra a COVID-19 que podem ser administradas às pessoas em formas de injeção, inalação e spray nasal.

Ela também está acelerando o desenvolvimento de suas vacinas com base em RNA mensageiro, uma das quais foi aprovada para uso emergencial na Indonésia, em Setembro.

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-12-17/-New-Approaches-How-China-stepped-up-its-COVID-19-treatments-1fNYIqSorxS/index.html

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