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Cientistas classificam as torres de água das montanhas mais importantes e ameaçadas do mundo
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Pesquisa apresenta uma nova visão sobre os sistemas de recursos hídricos derivados das geleiras das montanhas, impactando até 1,9 bilhão de pessoas em todo o mundo

National Geographic e Rolex: Comprometidos com Perpetual Planet (planeta perpétuo)

News provided by

National Geographic Society

Dec 09, 2019, 13:44 ET

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WASHINGTON, 9 de dezembro de 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Cientistas de todo o mundo avaliaram os 78 sistemas de água baseados em geleiras das montanhas do planeta e, pela primeira vez, os classificaram em ordem de importância para as comunidades adjacentes das planícies, e avaliaram sua vulnerabilidade a futuras mudanças ambientais e socioeconômicas. Esses sistemas, conhecidos como torres de água nas montanhas, armazenam e transportam água por meio de geleiras, blocos de neve, lagos e córregos, fornecendo recursos hídricos inestimáveis para 1,9 bilhão de pessoas em todo o mundo, aproximadamente um quarto da população mundial.

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O degelo da geleira Khumbu desce a montanha no campo base do monte Everest, Nepal, na torre de água Ganges-Bramaputra. Espera-se que a região apresente um aumento de temperatura de 1,6 graus C até 2050. Nova pesquisa com o apoio da parceria Perpetual Planet da National Geographic e da Rolex destacam a importância e a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas de água baseados em geleiras do mundo. Conheça mais em natgeo.com/PerpetualPlanet. Crédito fotográficos: Brittany Mumma, National Geographic.
O degelo da geleira Khumbu desce a montanha no campo base do monte Everest, Nepal, na torre de água Ganges-Bramaputra. Espera-se que a região apresente um aumento de temperatura de 1,6 graus C até 2050. Nova pesquisa com o apoio da parceria Perpetual Planet da National Geographic e da Rolex destacam a importância e a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas de água baseados em geleiras do mundo. Conheça mais em natgeo.com/PerpetualPlanet. Crédito fotográficos: Brittany Mumma, National Geographic.

A pesquisa, publicada na prestigiosa revista científica Nature, apresenta evidências de que as torres de água globais estão em risco, em muitos casos críticos, devido às ameaças das mudanças climáticas, populações crescentes, má administração dos recursos hídricos e outros fatores geopolíticos. Além disso, os autores concluem que é essencial desenvolver políticas e estratégias internacionais de conservação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas específicas para montanhas, de modo a proteger os ecossistemas e as pessoas a jusante.

Globalmente, o sistema montanhoso mais utilizado é a torre de água Indus na Ásia, de acordo com essas pesquisas. A torre de água Indus, formada por vastas áreas da cordilheira do Himalaia e cobrindo partes do Afeganistão, China, Índia e Paquistão, também é uma das mais vulneráveis. Sistemas de torre de água de alto nível em outros continentes são os Andes do sul, as Montanhas Rochosas e os Alpes europeus.

Para determinar a importância dessas 78 torres de água, os pesquisadores analisaram os vários fatores que determinam a dependência, pelas comunidades a jusante, do suprimento de água desses sistemas. Eles avaliaram, também, a vulnerabilidade dos recursos hídricos, bem como as pessoas e ecossistemas que dependem deles, com base em previsões de futuras mudanças climáticas e socioeconômicas.

Das 78 torres de água globais identificadas, a seguir estão os cinco sistemas mais confiáveis por continente:

  • Ásia: Indus, Tarim, Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Ganges-Brahmaputra
  • Europa: Ródano, Pó, Reno, Costa Norte do Mar Negro, Costa do Mar Cáspio
  • América do Norte: Fraser, Columbia e Noroeste dos Estados Unidos, Pacífico e Costa do Ártico, Saskatchewan-Nelson, América do Norte-Colorado
  • América do Sul: Sul do Chile, Sul da Argentina, Negro, região de La Puna, Norte do Chile

O estudo, de autoria de 32 cientistas de todo o mundo, foi liderado pelo Prof. Walter Immerzeel e Dr. Arthur Lutz, da Universidade de Utrecht, há longo tempo pesquisadores de recursos hídricos e mudanças climáticas na Ásia montanhosa.

"O que é único em nosso estudo é que avaliamos a importância das torres de água, não apenas observando a quantidade de água que elas armazenam e fornecem, mas também a quantidade necessária de água das montanhas a jusante e a vulnerabilidade desses sistemas e comunidades a algumas mudanças prováveis nas próximas décadas", afirmou Immerzeel. Lutz acrescentou: "Ao avaliar todas as torres glaciais de água na Terra, identificamos as principais bacias que devem estar no topo das agendas políticas regionais e globais".

Esta pesquisa teve o apoio da National Geographic e Rolex como parte de sua parceria Perpetual Planet, que visa esclarecer os desafios enfrentados pelos sistemas críticos de suporte à vida da Terra, apoiar a ciência e a exploração desses sistemas e capacitar líderes de todo o mundo a desenvolver soluções para proteger o planeta.

"As montanhas são lugares emblemáticos e sagrados em todo o mundo, mas o papel fundamental que desempenham na manutenção da vida na Terra não é bem compreendido", disse Jonathan Baillie, vice-presidente executivo e cientista chefe da National Geographic Society. "Esta pesquisa ajudará os tomadores de decisão, em nível global e local, a priorizar onde devem ser tomadas medidas para proteger os sistemas de montanhas, os recursos que eles proporcionam e as pessoas que deles dependem".

Para maior informação, visite natgeo.com/PerpetualPlanet.

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1041075/National_Geographic_Society_Khumbu_Glacier.jpg

Logo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1041076/National_Geographic_Society_Rolex_Logo.jpg 

FONTE National Geographic Society

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