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deCODE genetics: Varianten im Genom beeinflussen die DNA-Methylierung
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deCODE genetics

Jul 24, 2024, 05:00 ET

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REYKJAVIK, Island, 24. Juli 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Eine neue Studie von Wissenschaftlern von deCODE Genetics, einer Tochtergesellschaft von Amgen, zeigt, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen DNA-Methylierung und Genexpression von Sequenzvarianten bestimmt wird. Dieselben Varianten werden mit verschiedenen Krankheiten und anderen menschlichen Merkmalen in Verbindung gebracht.

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deCODE genetics: Variants in the genome affect DNA methylation
deCODE genetics: Variants in the genome affect DNA methylation
Kari Stefansson and Olafur Andri Stefansson authors on the paper in Nature Genetics.
Kari Stefansson and Olafur Andri Stefansson authors on the paper in Nature Genetics.

Die Forschungsergebnisse wurden heute in der wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift Nature Genetics unter folgendem Titel veröffentlicht: The correlation between CpG methylation and gene expression is driven by sequence variants (Die Korrelation zwischen CpG-Methylierung und Genexpression wird durch Sequenzvarianten bestimmt).

Die Nanopore-Sequenzierung ist eine neue, von ONT (Oxford Nanopore Technology) entwickelte Technologie, die uns eine Analyse von DNA-Sequenzen in Echtzeit ermöglicht. Bei dieser Technologie werden DNA-Moleküle durch winzige Proteinporen gezogen. Dabei zeigen Echtzeitmessungen des elektrischen Stroms an, welche Nukleotide in der DNA die Poren passiert haben. Auf diese Weise kann die Sequenz der Nukleotide in der DNA abgelesen werden. Gleichzeitig lassen sich mit denselben Messungen auch chemische Veränderungen der Nukleotide nachweisen.

Eine dieser Modifikationen wird als DNA-Methylierung bezeichnet. Man geht davon aus, dass sie eine wichtige Rolle dabei spielt, welche Gene zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt genutzt werden. Von Wissenschaftlern auf diesem Gebiet wird dies gemeinhin als Regulierung der Genexpression bezeichnet. Die Nanopore-Sequenzierungstechnologie ermöglicht die direkte Messung der DNA-Methylierung. Gleichzeitig liefert sie längere DNA-Sequenzen, als dies mit bisherigen Technologien möglich war. Diese Fortschritte bieten neue Möglichkeiten, da sie die Messung der DNA-Methylierung aller CpG-Stellen im menschlichen Genom ermöglichen. Da diese Technologie lange DNA-Sequenzen lesen kann, ist es möglich, die DNA-Methylierung auf Chromosomen beider Elternteile getrennt zu bestimmen.

In der Studie konnten die Wissenschaftler die CpG-Methylierung, die Genexpression und die Allele von Sequenzvarianten den elterlichen Chromosomen zuordnen, sodass sie die Korrelationen zwischen den drei Messreihen auf Haplotypebene untersuchen konnten. Die Studie zeigt, dass Sequenzvarianten die DNA-Methylierung beeinflussen und dass einige dieser Varianten mit verschiedenen Krankheiten und anderen menschlichen Merkmalen in Verbindung gebracht werden können. Im Wesentlichen zeigt die Studie, dass die Korrelation zwischen DNA-Methylierung und Genexpression auf Sequenzvarianten zurückgeführt werden kann, was darauf hindeutet, dass diese Varianten der treibende Faktor sind.

Die meisten Sequenzvarianten, die mit Krankheiten in Verbindung gebracht werden, befinden sich im nichtcodierenden Genom, also in Bereichen des Genoms, die nicht für Proteine codieren. Aus diesem Grund war es bisher schwierig zu verstehen, wie nichtcodierende Sequenzvarianten zu Krankheiten führen. Durch die Untersuchung der Auswirkungen auf die DNA-Methylierung konnten die Wissenschaftler zeigen, dass viele dieser Varianten Sequenzvarianten entsprechen, die bereits zuvor mit Krankheiten in Verbindung gebracht wurden. Dadurch können wir besser verstehen, wie sie zum Fortschreiten von Krankheiten führen.

Video - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2465329/deCODE_genetics.mp4
Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2465080/deCODE_genetics.jpg

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