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European Hematology Association - Des mutations du gène PIGA provoquent une nouvelle forme d'hémochromatose juvénile
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European Hematology Association (EHA)

Jun 11, 2021, 03:00 ET

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LA HAYE, Pays-Bas, 11 juin 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- L'hémochromatose héréditaire, un trouble dû à une surcharge en fer, est la maladie génétique la plus courante parmi la population blanche. En l'absence de traitement, la surcharge en fer provoque des lésions organiques progressives chez les patients vieillissants, notamment une insuffisance cardiaque, un diabète, une cirrhose du foie et un cancer. Outre le sous-type fréquent d'hémochromatose à apparition tardive, des formes rares ont été observées avec une accumulation sévère de fer chez les enfants. Notre travail vise à identifier un nouveau sous-type d'hémochromatose juvénile dû à des mutations dans le gène du phosphatidylinositol glycan classe A (PIGA), qui ancre les protéines à la membrane cellulaire. Une surcharge en fer systémique et des mutations du gène PIGA ont été diagnostiquées chez trois patients juvéniles présentant des déficits neurologiques. Nous avons appliqué la délétion du gène PIGA par CRISPR/Cas dans une lignée de cellules hépatiques pour étudier le pathomécanisme de la surcharge en fer. Nous montrons que la délétion du gène PIGA empêche la fixation de l'hémojuveline à la membrane cellulaire, une protéine impliquée dans la facilitation de la formation d'un complexe actif de récepteurs morphogénétiques osseux qui signale l'augmentation de l'hepcidine, une hormone hépatique régulant les niveaux de fer systémiques. Par conséquent, l'absence du gène PIGA réduit l'expression de l'hepcidine, contribuant ainsi à la surcharge en fer observée chez nos patients.  De plus, la céruloplasmine, une ferroxidase impliquée dans l'exportation du fer cellulaire, est également ancrée au GPI. La délétion du gène PIGA diminue sévèrement les niveaux de céruloplasmine, ce qui peut contribuer à l'accumulation de fer intracellulaire et à la libération de formes toxiques de fer, aggravant encore la surcharge en fer.

Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats identifient une nouvelle forme d'hémochromatose héréditaire juvénile et son mécanisme moléculaire en démontrant que la fonction de deux protéines à ancrage GPI impliquées dans le maintien de l'homéostasie du fer, l'hémojuveline et la céruloplasmine, est altérée par les mutations du gène PIGA. Ce nouveau lien plaide pour la nécessité d'une évaluation clinique de la surcharge en fer potentielle chez les patients présentant des mutations germinales du gène PIGA.

Les résultats de cette étude seront présentés par le Dr Oriana Marques lors du Symposium présidentiel.

Animateur : Dr. Oriana Marques

Affiliation : Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Allemagne

Résumé : LES MUTATIONS GERMINALES #S100  PIGA PROVOQUENT UNE DIMINUTION DE L'EXPRESSION DE L'HEPCIDINE ET UN NOUVEAU SOUS-TYPE D'HÉMOCHROMATOSE HÉRÉDITAIRE.

À propos du congrès annuel de l'EHA : Chaque année, en juin, l'EHA organise son congrès annuel dans une grande ville européenne. Cette année, en raison de la persistance de la pandémie de COVID-19, l'EHA organise pour la deuxième fois un congrès virtuel. Le congrès s'adresse aux professionnels de la santé travaillant dans le domaine de l'hématologie ou intéressés par celui-ci.

Site Web : www.ehaweb.org

Logo - http://mma.prnewswire.com/media/622259/EHA_Logo.jpg

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