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NIBIOHN identifica candidatos a marcadores de exosomas específicos de tejido a partir de la sangre
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News provided by

National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition

Mar 24, 2022, 00:03 ET

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OSAKA, Japón, 24 de marzo, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Los Institutos Nacionales de Innovación Biomédica, Salud y Nutrición (en adelante NIBIOHN) con sede en Ibaraki-shi, Prefectura de Osaka, han catalogado con éxito más de 4.000 proteínas contenidas en exosomas en sangre humana sana (suero y plasma). Usando este catálogo, NIBIOHN ha identificado candidatos a marcadores de exosomas específicos de tejido de la sangre que conducirán al desarrollo de biomarcadores de próxima generación altamente precisos.

Imagen:
https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/prwfile/release/M107088/202203098413/_prw_PI1fl_q6amUsp7.jpg

La sangre contiene una mezcla de exosomas secretados por casi todos los tejidos y células, y los exosomas de otros tejidos pueden enmascarar los cambios causados por la enfermedad, lo que dificulta la detección de la presencia de biomarcadores que reflejan la enfermedad. Este problema es más pronunciado en las primeras etapas de la enfermedad y dificulta el desarrollo de marcadores de diagnóstico tempranos. Si los exosomas derivados del tejido de interés pudieran purificarse, sería posible observar cambios en los exosomas secretados desde el sitio de la enfermedad con un alto grado de precisión, incluso en las primeras etapas de la enfermedad.

Los investigadores de NIBIOHN purificaron exosomas a partir de muestras de suero y plasma de sujetos sanos y recopilaron con éxito un catálogo de proteínas en exosomas sanguíneos en una escala de más de 4.000 proteínas mediante análisis proteómico cuantitativo. Además, al combinar este catálogo con información de una base de datos pública que define las proteínas específicas de tejido (Atlas de Proteínas Humanas), descubrieron que una serie de proteínas específicas de tejido también están contenidas en los exosomas sanguíneos.

Por ejemplo, se identificó un grupo de proteínas específicas de tejido cerebral en los exosomas y se descubrió que estas proteínas mostraban patrones similares de variación entre individuos mediante análisis de corregulación. El análisis de red ha revelado una serie de proteínas que se ha informado que están asociadas con enfermedades neurodegenerativas, incluida la proteína precursora de amiloide (APP), la proteína tau asociada a microtúbulos (MAPT), la presenilina 1 y la huntingtina (HTT), lo que sugiere que cada una de estas proteínas interactúan entre sí y están presentes en los exosomas. Por lo tanto, si en el futuro se establece una tecnología para purificar exosomas derivados del cerebro, se espera que se aplique como una nueva tecnología de monitoreo cerebral para diagnosticar y monitorear la patología de enfermedades neurodegenerativas como la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la parálisis supranuclear progresiva y la enfermedad de Huntington.

Para conocer más detalles de la investigación, visite:
https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/attach/202203098413-O1-2OJo97g0.pdf

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