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NIBIOHN identifiziert gewebespezifische Exosomen-Marker-Kandidaten aus Blut
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News provided by

National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition

Mar 23, 2022, 05:29 ET

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OSAKA, Japan, 23. März 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Das Nationale Institut für Biomedizinische Innovation, Gesundheit und Ernährung (im Folgenden NIBIOHN) mit Sitz in Ibaraki-shi, Präfektur Osaka, hat erfolgreich mehr als 4.000 Proteine katalogisiert, die in Exosomen im gesunden menschlichen Blut (Serum und Plasma) enthalten sind. Mit Hilfe dieses Katalogs hat NIBIOHN gewebespezifische Exosomen-Marker-Kandidaten aus Blut identifiziert, die zur Entwicklung hochpräziser Biomarker der nächsten Generation führen werden.

Bild:
https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/prwfile/release/M107088/202203098413/_prw_PI1fl_q6amUsp7.jpg

Blut enthält eine Mischung von Exosomen, die von fast allen Geweben und Zellen abgesondert werden, und Exosomen aus anderen Geweben können krankheitsbedingte Veränderungen verdecken, was den Nachweis von Biomarkern, die eine Krankheit widerspiegeln, erschwert. Dieses Problem ist in den frühen Krankheitsstadien noch ausgeprägter und behindert die Entwicklung von Frühdiagnosemarkern. Wenn Exosomen, die aus dem interessierenden Gewebe stammen, gereinigt werden könnten, wäre es möglich, Veränderungen in Exosomen, die vom Ort der Krankheit abgesondert werden, mit einem hohen Grad an Genauigkeit zu beobachten, sogar in den frühen Stadien der Krankheit.

Forscher des NIBIOHN reinigten Exosomen aus Serum- und Plasmaproben gesunder Probanden und erstellten mittels quantitativer Proteomanalyse erfolgreich einen Katalog von Proteinen in Blutexosomen in einer Größenordnung von über 4.000 Proteinen. Durch die Kombination dieses Katalogs mit Informationen aus einer öffentlichen Datenbank, die gewebespezifische Proteine definiert (Human Protein Atlas), fanden sie außerdem heraus, dass eine Reihe gewebespezifischer Proteine auch in Blutexosomen enthalten sind.

So wurde beispielsweise eine Gruppe von Proteinen, die für das Gehirngewebe spezifisch sind, in Exosomen identifiziert, und es wurde festgestellt, dass diese Proteine durch eine Co-Regulationsanalyse ähnliche Variationsmuster zwischen Individuen aufweisen. Die Netzwerkanalyse hat eine Reihe von Proteinen aufgedeckt, von denen berichtet wurde, dass sie mit neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen in Verbindung stehen, darunter das Amyloid-Vorläuferprotein (APP), das Mikrotubuli assoziierte Protein Tau (MAPT), Presenilin 1 und Huntingtin (HTT), was darauf hindeutet, dass jedes dieser Proteine miteinander interagiert und in Exosomen vorhanden ist. Wenn also in Zukunft eine Technologie zur Reinigung von aus dem Gehirn stammenden Exosomen entwickelt wird, ist zu erwarten, dass sie als neue Technologie zur Überwachung des Gehirns eingesetzt werden kann, um die Pathologie neurodegenerativer Krankheiten wie Alzheimer, progressive supranukleäre Lähmung und Chorea Huntington zu diagnostizieren und zu überwachen.

Weitere Informationen finden Sie auf:
https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/attach/202203098413-O1-2OJo97g0.pdf

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