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NIBIOHN identifie des candidats marqueurs d'exosomes spécifiques aux tissus à partir du sang
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News provided by

National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition

Mar 23, 2022, 05:04 ET

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OSAKA, Japon, 23 mars 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Le National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (ci-après NIBIOHN), basé à Ibaraki-shi, dans la préfecture d'Osaka, a réussi à répertorié plus de 4 000 protéines contenues dans les exosomes du sang humain sain (sérum et plasma). À l'aide de ce catalogue, NIBIOHN a identifié des candidats marqueurs d'exosomes spécifiques aux tissus à partir du sang, ce qui permettra de développer des biomarqueurs de nouvelle génération très précis.

Image :
https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/prwfile/release/M107088/202203098413/_prw_PI1fl_q6amUsp7.jpg

Le sang contient un mélange d'exosomes sécrétés par presque tous les tissus et cellules. Les exosomes provenant d'autres tissus peuvent masquer les changements causés par la maladie, ce qui rend difficile la détection de la présence de biomarqueurs révélateurs de la maladie. Ce problème est plus prononcé aux premiers stades de la maladie et entrave le développement de marqueurs de diagnostic précoce. Si les exosomes provenant du tissu d'intérêt pouvaient être purifiés, il serait possible d'observer les changements subis par les exosomes sécrétés par le site de la maladie avec un degré élevé de précision, même aux premiers stades de la maladie.

Les chercheurs du NIBIOHN ont purifié des exosomes à partir d'échantillons de sérum et de plasma provenant de sujets sains, et ont réussi à dresser une liste des protéines présentes dans les exosomes sanguins sur une échelle de plus de 4 000 protéines par analyse protéomique quantitative. En outre, en combinant cette liste avec les informations d'une base de données publique qui définit les protéines spécifiques aux tissus (Human Protein Atlas), ils ont découvert que les exosomes sanguins contiennent également un certain nombre de protéines spécifiques aux tissus.

Par exemple, on a identifié un groupe de protéines spécifiques aux tissus cérébraux dans les exosomes et on a constaté que ces protéines présentaient des modèles de variation similaires entre les individus par une analyse de corégulation. L'analyse de réseau a révélé un certain nombre de protéines réputées associées aux maladies neurodégénératives, notamment la protéine précurseur d'amyloïde (APP), la protéine tau associée aux microtubules (MAPT), la préséniline 1 et la huntingtine (HTT), ce qui suggère que chacune de ces protéines interagit avec les autres et est présente dans les exosomes. Par conséquent, si on parvenait à mettre au point une technologie de purification des exosomes dérivés du cerveau, elle pourrait être appliquée comme une nouvelle technologie de surveillance du cerveau pour diagnostiquer et surveiller la pathologie des maladies neurodégénératives telles que la maladie d'Alzheimer, la paralysie supranucléaire progressive et la maladie de Huntington.

Pour obtenir de plus amples renseignements, rendez-vous sur:
https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/attach/202203098413-O1-2OJo97g0.pdf

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