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Virologista da Universidade Rockefeller, Charles M. Rice, recebe Prêmio Nobel por pesquisas que contribuíram para a cura da hepatite C

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News provided by

The Rockefeller University

Oct 06, 2020, 11:55 ET

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NOVA YORK, 6 de outubro de 2020 /PRNewswire/ --  A Fundação Nobel em Estocolmo, Suécia, anunciou hoje que o pesquisador Charles M. Rice, cujo trabalho envolve vírus causadores de doenças e a resposta do sistema imunológico a eles, recebeu o Prêmio Nobel deste ano em Fisiologia ou Medicina. Professor titular em virologia financiado pela Starr Foundation de Maurice R. e Corinne P. Greenberg, Rice também é chefe do laboratório de virologia e doenças infecciosas da Universidade Rockefeller. Ele divide o prêmio com Harvey J. Alter dos Institutos Nacionais de Saúde, nos EUA, e Michael Houghton da Universidade de Alberta no Canadá.

A pesquisa de Rice contribuiu diretamente para a cura da hepatite C, uma doença agressiva que afeta 170 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Sua equipe trabalhou no vírus por três décadas e foi a primeira a produzir uma versão dele que poderia ser cultivada e estudada em laboratório. Essa descoberta envolveu o desenvolvimento de uma versão editada do genoma viral que é replicado e produz proteínas virais, possibilitando a criação de três novas classes de medicamentos para tratar a infecção por hepatite C. Estudos têm demonstrado que a combinação dessas drogas é capaz de reduzir a carga viral da hepatite C a níveis indetectáveis, curando a doença em definitivo.

"Uma infecção crônica que ceifou tantas vidas, hoje, a hepatite C é curável. Com o tempo, esse avanço médico salvará milhões de vidas e melhorará muitas outras, e isso é resultado direto da pesquisa do Charlie", disse Richard P. Lifton, presidente da Universidade Rockefeller. "Seu trabalho com vírus, incluindo a conquista marcante da recriação da hepatite C em laboratório, representa perfeitamente a missão desta universidade: ciência para o benefício da humanidade. Estou muito feliz por ele ter sido escolhido para o Prêmio Nobel, uma grande honra no campo da ciência."

Alter e Houghton clonaram o genoma do vírus da hepatite C em 1989. Este grande avanço permitiu a identificação de pessoas infectadas com o vírus e a eliminação do vírus do sangue. No entanto, durante anos, os esforços para propagar o vírus em células do fígado em laboratório, o que é essencial para estudos adicionais e desenvolvimento de medicamentos, falharam. Rice demonstrou que a razão disso era a falta da sequência final do genoma viral que é indispensável para iniciar a replicação do vírus. Ele completou a caracterização do genoma viral em 1996 e um ano depois teve sucesso na produção de um vírus infeccioso em laboratório.

Passou, então, a desenvolver amplificações subgenômicas do vírus que poderiam ser replicadas em células sem produzir vírus vivos, o que possibilitou a elaboração de ensaios para testar drogas capazes de inibir diretamente a replicação viral. Em 2013, a primeira de uma série dessas drogas, elaborada com a ajuda da tecnologia desenvolvida por Rice, recebeu a aprovação do FDA para uso em pacientes. Várias dessas drogas estão agora disponíveis no mercado e, quando usadas em conjunto, podem curar a grande maioria das pessoas com hepatite C em um período curto de tratamento praticamente sem nenhuma toxicidade.

Além disso, a equipe de Rice desenvolveu métodos para testar fatores que limitam a infecção da hepatite C, hepatite B, influenza A, dengue, febre amarela, Zika, chikungunya e do coronavírus. Em resposta à pandemia da COVID-19, Rice usou a tecnologia CRISPR para identificar novos alvos terapêuticos para o SARS-CoV-2 e utilizou as técnicas desenvolvidas em seu trabalho sobre a hepatite C para analisar drogas quanto à sua capacidade de inibir o coronavírus. Este trabalho continua em andamento.

Rice é o 26º cientista associado à Universidade Rockefeller a ser homenageado com o Prêmio Nobel. Além dele, quatro outros ganhadores do Prêmio Nobel são membros atuais do corpo docente da Universidade Rockefeller; são eles: Michael W. Young (2017), Roderick MacKinnon (2003), Paul Nurse (2001) e Torsten Wiesel (1981).

Nascido em Sacramento, Califórnia, em 1952, Rice recebeu seu Ph.D. em bioquímica em 1981 pelo Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia, onde permaneceu para pesquisas de pós-doutorado de 1981 a 1985. Antes de ingressar na Universidade Rockefeller em 2001, ele passou 14 anos no corpo docente da Escola de Medicina da Universidade de Washington. Ele é membro da Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos e recebeu o Prêmio de Virologia M.W. Beijerinck de 2007, o Prêmio Robert Koch de 2015, o Prêmio de Saúde InBev-Baillet Latour de 2016 e o Prêmio Lasker-DeBakey de Pesquisa Médico-Clínica de 2016.

Sobre a Universidade Rockefeller
A Universidade Rockefeller é a principal universidade de pesquisa biomédica do mundo e se dedica a realizar pesquisas inovadoras e de alta qualidade para melhorar a compreensão da vida para o benefício da humanidade. A abordagem única da universidade quanto a ciência levou a algumas das contribuições mais revolucionárias e transformadoras do mundo nas áreas da biologia e da medicina. Durante a história de 119 anos da Universidade Rockefeller, seus cientistas ganharam 26 prêmios Nobel, 23 prêmios de pesquisa médica Albert Lasker e 20 medalhas nacionais de ciência.

Contato para mídia:
Katherine Fenz, Media Relations Manager
[email protected]

FONTE The Rockefeller University

Related Links

http://www.rockefeller.edu

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