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耶魯大學醫學院獲近 2,500 萬美元研究補助,推動人腦發育圖譜與自閉症研究

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Sep 01, 2026, 15:54 ET

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康乃狄克州紐哈芬2026年9月2日 /美通社/ -- 耶魯大學醫學院(Yale School of Medicine,YSM)獲 Aligning Research to Impact Autism(ARIA)計畫提供近 2,500 萬美元研究補助。這筆補助是 ARIA「人類發育神經生物學研究中心」計畫的一部分,將用於建立人類大腦發育的基礎圖譜與模型,並釐清自閉症相關的發育差異何時出現,以及如何偏離典型發育軌跡。

耶魯大學醫學院院長 Nancy J. Brown 醫學博士(Jean and David W. Wallace Dean)表示:「我們非常感謝 ARIA 對耶魯的支持。ARIA 的慈善挹注正為自閉症研究開啟新紀元,我們期望藉此了解自閉症在大腦發育過程中最早如何形成。這筆補助的影響將不僅止於耶魯大學醫學院。研究所累積的知識將有助於更早發現自閉症、建立更明確的生物標記,並為自閉症者及其家庭提供更精準的介入措施。」

這項研究計畫由耶魯大學醫學院 Harvey and Kate Cushing 神經科學講座教授,並兼任比較醫學、遺傳學及精神醫學教授的 Nenad Sestan 醫學博士、哲學博士,與哈佛大學 Golub Family 幹細胞與再生生物學講座教授 Paola Arlotta 博士共同主持。研究團隊將從大腦早期發育這一科學問題的源頭切入,建立偵測、解讀及因應發育差異所需的基礎模型。

Sestan 表示:「我和同事們由衷感謝 ARIA 提供這項極具前瞻性的支持。這筆補助讓我們得以進一步探索人類大腦神經迴路的發育過程。透過匯集不同領域及研究機構的專家,我們希望更深入了解大腦發育如何展開,以及自閉症如何形成。最終,我們期望這項研究能加速科學發現、改善早期偵測,並為更有效的介入策略提供依據。」

自閉症是一種神經發展狀況,會影響溝通、社交互動及行為,也經常伴隨學習、注意力、感覺處理、睡眠或動作技能方面的差異。根據美國疾病管制暨預防中心(CDC)的資料,美國每 31 名兒童中就有 1 名被診斷為自閉症。世界衛生組織(WHO)則估計,全球每 100 名兒童中約有 1 名患有自閉症。

大腦早期發育研究的科學「登月計畫」

儘管神經科學在過去數十年間取得長足進展,研究人員至今仍缺乏一幅能呈現人類大腦發育過程的高解析度動態圖譜。Sestan 表示:「我們已有非常詳盡的地球地圖,但對大腦、尤其是發育中大腦的了解,仍缺少一幅完整圖譜。」

由於大腦成熟歷時近 20 年,加上可供研究的發育中人腦組織相當有限,科學家很難直接研究大腦最早期的發育階段。與此同時,自閉症相關差異最初出現的時期,也正是大腦變化最迅速的階段。許多神經元及大多數突觸迴路會在生命最初幾年形成,因此不能直接將成人大腦模型縮小,用來理解嬰兒或幼兒的大腦。

缺乏精準的發育參照,也使科學家難以準確釐清相關機制、辨識生命早期的發育偏離,或設計符合特定個體在特定發展階段生物特性的介入措施。承接耶魯在 ARIA 支持下持續擴展的研究,這筆補助將促成一套跨領域協作模式,整合實驗、影像分析、運算研究及臨床合作,以建立所需的發育參照,並將其轉化為新的科學發現。

ARIA 對 YSM 的資助將支持兩項旨在產出實用工具與研究資源的計畫,包括:

  • 繪製發育中大腦神經連結的高解析度圖譜
  • 建立細胞與分子模型,呈現自閉症發展軌跡與典型發展產生分歧之處

這兩項計畫也是耶魯與哈佛大學四項合作研究的一部分,其他兩項包括:

  • 建立患者來源的腦類器官,以連結遺傳、發育及臨床特徵
  • 運用生成式人工智慧預測介入策略,並篩選優先治療標靶

更多資訊請瀏覽 medicine.yale.edu。

耶魯大學醫學院簡介

耶魯大學醫學院 (Yale School of Medicine) 為醫學和科學領域培育出領導者,培養好奇心和批判性的探索精神。耶魯大學醫學院是生物醫學研究、臨床照護與醫學教育的全球領導者。耶魯大學醫學院擁有超過 1,700 名醫生,為世界各地的患者提供富有同理心的醫療照護。耶魯醫學教育系統強調批判性思維和獨立研究,培育學術醫學領域的領導者。

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