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CGTN: Educação na luta da China contra a pobreza: deixando ninguém para trás
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News provided by

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Jun 10, 2021, 18:52 ET

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PEQUIM, 10 de junho de 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Um antigo ditado chinês diz: "Para cavar um poço, você começa com um buraco raso e, finalmente, chega a um fundo." A frase significa que uma longa jornada começa com um pequeno passo. Vem de "Liu Zi · Chong Xue", um livro escrito há cerca de 1.500 anos.

O presidente chinês Xi Jinping considerou a educação como o primeiro e fundamental passo para "cavar o poço" da erradicação da pobreza absoluta na China, o que foi alcançado em 2020.

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CGTN: Educação na luta da China contra a pobreza: deixando ninguém para trás
CGTN: Educação na luta da China contra a pobreza: deixando ninguém para trás

Evitando a transferência de pobreza entre gerações

Em 1995, a escola primária Yangjialing Fuzhou Hope em Yan'an, província de Shaanxi, noroeste da China, foi reformada com doações da cidade de Fuzhou, capital da província de Fujian localizada na região sudeste, depois que Xi Jinping, na época, chefe do partido em Fuzhou, incentivou empresários locais a ajudar a construir escolas nas regiões subdesenvolvidas do país.

"Não deixe as crianças saírem perdendo já na linha de largada", disse Xi ao visitar a escola em 2015, destacando a educação como fator chave para o desenvolvimento de áreas carentes.

A escola, que antes contava com apenas um professor e uma sala de aula em uma caverna, passou por rápidas mudanças com o apoio do governo e da sociedade. Agora dispõe de um edifício de quatro andares equipado com modernas salas de aula multimídia, e os alunos também podem almoçar gratuitamente na escola.

Estatísticas do Ministério da Educação (MOE) publicadas em 2020 mostram que o investimento total da China em educação, incluindo refeições gratuitas e melhoria das instalações escolares, aumentou mais de 8 por cento ao ano nos três anos anteriores.

De acordo com o relatório sobre redução da pobreza na China, publicado em abril de 2021, o país reformou 108 mil escolas para melhorar a oferta de educação obrigatória de nove anos em áreas carentes desde 2013.

"A redução da pobreza deve começar com a redução do analfabetismo. Portanto, oferecer uma boa educação às crianças da zona rural é uma tarefa importante na redução da pobreza e também um meio crucial para impedir que a pobreza seja transmitida entre gerações", disse Xi.

Diminuindo a lacuna da educação

Em relação à igualdade na educação como base da igualdade social, Xi Jinping enfatizou em muitas ocasiões a importância de reduzir a lacuna de recursos e qualidade na educação entre as áreas rurais e urbanas.

No período do 13º Plano Quinquenal (2016-2020), o orçamento central da China alocou cerca de 749,5 bilhões de yuans (US$ 114,6 bilhões) em subsídios para suporte de educação obrigatória, e 90 por cento dos fundos foram investidos em áreas rurais, de acordo com o MOE. Por exemplo, estudantes de famílias rurais carentes receberam ajuda de custo do governo para manter seus estudos.

O relatório de 2021 sobre a redução da pobreza na China informa que não houve desistências nas zonas rurais motivadas por dificuldades financeiras. A educação obrigatória de nove anos agora está disponível para todas as crianças de famílias rurais carentes, e a taxa de conclusão em 2020 foi de 94,8 por cento.

À medida que a China entra na era digital no campo da educação, a infraestrutura da Internet também preencheu a lacuna entre a educação urbana e rural – todas as escolas primárias e médias em todo o país estão conectadas à Internet.

Os estudantes da escola primária Yangjialing Fuzhou Hope agora podem desfrutar da "sala de aula via internet" por meio da qual a escola utiliza a internet para compartilhar o ensino em tempo real com escolas parceiras nas grandes cidades.

Políticas favoráveis também foram alavancadas para matricular mais estudantes carentes, ampliar a oferta de emprego para formandos e ajudar os estudantes a se livrarem da pobreza por meio da educação profissionalizante.

Mais de 8 milhões de formandos do ensino fundamental e médio de famílias pobres receberam treinamento profissionalizante, 5,14 milhões de alunos carentes tiveram acesso a ensino superior e instituições importantes de ensino superior receberam cerca de 700 mil alunos de áreas rurais e pobres designadas.

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-06-10/Education-in-China-s-fight-against-poverty-Leaving-no-one-behind-10XpqIElk1q/index.html

Vídeo - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcUM0b2VEJ8

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