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CGTN: por que a China está acelerando a pesquisa em tecnologias essenciais
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CGTN

Sep 07, 2022, 18:20 ET

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PEQUIM, 7 de setembro de 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- "Olá a todos. Já saí do módulo. Estou me sentindo bem", disse o taikonauta chinês Chen Dong, ao iniciar sua caminhada espacial na semana passada.

Chen e seu companheiro da tripulação de Shenzhou-14, Liu Yang, concluíram todas as tarefas extraveiculares de seis horas de duração na sexta-feira (2 de setembro), o que marcou a quinta caminhada espacial fora da estação espacial da China e a primeira fora do recém-lançado módulo de laboratório Wentian.

Desde 2020, a China tem realizado com sucesso uma série de missões de voo, incluindo o módulo central da estação espacial Tianhe, as naves espaciais tripuladas Shenzhou-12 e Shenzhou-13, e a naves de carga Tianzhou-2 e Tianzhou-3, alcançando um progresso notável no programa espacial chinês.

Na última década, não apenas no setor aeroespacial, os cientistas chineses se esforçam para obter avanços em tecnologias essenciais fazendo eco ao apelo do Presidente Xi Jinping por esforços decididos para alcançar avanços nas tecnologias essenciais em áreas-chave.

Na terça-feira, Xi enfatizou a melhoria de um novo sistema de mobilização de recursos a nível nacional para a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento (P&D) de tecnologias essenciais ao presidir a 27ª reunião da Comissão Central para o Aprofundamento da Reforma.

A China deve otimizar a alocação dos recursos de inovação em função das necessidades estratégicas do país, fortalecer a força científica e tecnológica estratégica do país, melhorar em grande medida a capacidade sistemática para abordar os problemas problemas científicos e tecnológicos principais e cultivar as vantagens competitivas, bem como aproveitar a iniciativa estratégica em uma série de áreas importantes, observou Xi.

Domínio das tecnologias essenciais 

"As tecnologias essenciais não podem ser compradas ou obtidas pedindo um favor a outros ou implorando", disse Xi durante uma visita de inspeção ao Instituto de Óptica e Mecânica de Precisão de Xi'an em 2015.

Desde 2012, o presidente chinês tem destacado a importância da inovação científica e do domínio da tecnologia essencial. Inspirados por Xi, um grande número de tecnologias essenciais tem realizado avanços, dando grandes passos em direção ao grande objetivo de que a China se torne uma potência líder mundial em ciência e tecnologia.

A P&D em tecnologias essenciais atende às principais necessidades nacionais. As soluções de ponta apoiaram a implementação de grandes projetos de infraestrutura, como a ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau e a ferrovia Sichuan-Tibet. A utilização limpa e eficiente dos recursos de petróleo, gás e carvão do fundo do mar, bem como o desenvolvimento de tecnologias nucleares de nova geração, são vitais para garantir a segurança energética nacional.

Durante a epidemia de COVID-19, a China alcançou uma série de avanços em vacinas, medicamentos e reagentes de testes. O número de novos medicamentos de classe I aprovados na China aumentou de cinco antes de 2012 para os atuais 79.

Também há uma série de conquistas com influência global. Por exemplo, a China observou pela primeira vez no mundo o efeito Hall quântico tridimensional e a dobra controlada do grafeno com precisão no nível atômico pela primeira vez no mundo e desenvolveu o primeiro chip de computador de fusão heterogênea "Tianji".

Abertura mais ampla para o mundo 

No ano passado, a China anunciou a todos os cientistas a abertura de seu Radiotelescópio Esférico de Quinhentos Metros de Abertura (FAST), o maior radiotelescópio de abertura completa e mais sensível do mundo. Até junho, o FAST prestou serviço de observação a 27 projetos científicos em 14 países em todo o mundo.

A abertura do FAST é um dos exemplos que demonstram que a China está expandindo seriamente o círculo de parceiros em ciência e tecnologia.

Em uma reunião que contou com a participação das assembleias gerais dos membros da Academia Chinesa de Ciências e da Academia Chinesa de Engenharia (CAE) e do congresso nacional da Associação Chinesa de Ciência e Tecnologia (CAST) no ano passado, Xi pediu aos trabalhadores chineses da ciência e da tecnologia que promovam a abertura, a confiança e a cooperação com a comunidade internacional da ciência e da tecnologia, que participem ativamente na resolução dos principais desafios enfrentados pela humanidade, e que se esforcem para promover as conquistas da inovação científica e tecnológica em benefício de mais países e pessoas.

De acordo com o Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia da China, o país estabeleceu relações de cooperação no campo da ciência e da tecnologia com 161 países e regiões, assinou 115 acordos intergovernamentais e se uniu a mais de 200 organizações internacionais e mecanismos multilaterais.

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-09-07/Why-China-is-speeding-up-research-on-core-technologies-1d8h2b5F89a/index.html

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