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deCODE genetics: monozigotos, mas não idênticos
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News provided by

DeCODE Genetics Inc

Jan 07, 2021, 11:00 ET

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Ao sequenciar os genomas da linha germinal de gêmeos e compará-los com os de parentes próximos, cientistas da deCODE genetics encontraram mutações que estão presentes em apenas um dos gêmeos monozigóticos e os rastrearam até os primeiros dias após a concepção. 

REYKJAVIK, Islândia, 7 de janeiro de 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- No artigo: "Diferenças entre os genomas da linha germinativa de gêmeos monozigóticos", publicado hoje na Nature Genetics, cientistas da deCODE genetics pesquisaram mutações que estavam presentes em apenas um dos gêmeos monozigóticos. 

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deCODE twins
deCODE twins

No estudo da genética humana, os genomas de gêmeos monozigóticos são frequentemente considerados idênticos e as diferenças entre eles têm sido mais fixadas no meio ambiente, e não na genética. Essa suposição tem sido usada ao longo dos séculos para desvencilhar a contribuição da genética e do meio ambiente em doenças e outros fenótipos.

Os cientistas encontraram dois grupos de pares gêmeos, um onde os gêmeos compartilham mutações e outro onde as mutações de desenvolvimento só estão presentes em um deles em alta frequência.

"As mutações podem ser formadas quando as células são divididas e as células filhas podem carregar uma mutação que marca os descendentes da célula alterada dentro de um indivíduo. Mutações que estão presentes em apenas um dos gêmeos nos permitem, portanto, voltar às divisões celulares que levam ao desenvolvimento dos gêmeos", afirma o cientista Hákon Jónsson da  deCODEGenetics e autor do artigo.

Notavelmente, este retrocesso das mutações que diferem entre os gêmeos sugere que as mutações são formadas nos primeiros dias de desenvolvimento embrionário, quando o embrião é composto de várias células. 

"Esses dois grupos de gêmeos monozigóticos dão uma visão do desenvolvimento do embrião apenas algumas divisões após a concepção, quando o embrião é composto de várias células", diz Kari Stefansson CEO da deCODE genetics. "Esses são tempos emocionantes que nos permitem usar mutações para lançar luz sobre o desenvolvimento dos seres humanos nesses primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento."

Hákon Jónsson e seus colegas sequenciaram os genomas de 387 pares de gêmeos idênticos e seus pais, cônjuges e filhos para rastrear a divergência de mutações. Os autores constataram que os gêmeos diferem em 5,2 mutações de desenvolvimento iniciais, em média. Em aproximadamente 15% dos pares de gêmeos, um deles carrega um número elevado dessas mutações que o outro não tem.

As diferenças físicas ou comportamentais entre gêmeos idênticos são geralmente atribuídas a fatores ambientais, de acordo com a suposição de que as diferenças genéticas entre o par são mínimas. No entanto, o autismo e outros distúrbios de desenvolvimento, que um gêmeo em um par pode ter, estão ligados a mutações genéticas. Os autores concluem que o papel dos fatores genéticos na formação dessas diferenças fenotípicas tem sido subestimado.

Foto - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1395021/deCODE_twins.jpg

Thora Kristin Asgeirsdottir, representante de relações públicas e comunicações na deCODE genetics, 00354 -570 1909, 00354 -894 1909, [email protected]

FONTE DeCODE Genetics Inc

Related Links

https://www.decode.is

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