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      Neue Studie von Wissenschaftlern in den Teergruben von La Brea zeigt, dass das Aussterben eiszeitlicher Säugetiere mit Klimawandel, Menschen und Feuer zusammenhängt


      News provided by

      Natural History Museums of Los Angeles County

      Aug 17, 2023, 14:15 ET

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      LOS ANGELES, 17. August 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Großflächige Waldbrände in einem Ökosystem, das durch den Klimawandel feuergefährdet war, verursachten das Verschwinden von Säbelzahntigern, Wölfen und anderen großen Säugetieren in Südkalifornien vor fast 13.000 Jahren, so eine neue Studie von Forschern in den Teergruben von La Brea.

      Die in der Fachzeitschrift Science veröffentlichte und von Experten begutachtete Studie ist ein Meilenstein in der jahrzehntelangen wissenschaftlichen Debatte darüber, was das letzte große Artensterben auf der Erde ausgelöst haben könnte. Unterstützt durch die präzise Datierung von Fossilien, die in den Teergruben von La Brea konserviert wurden, trägt die Forschung zu einem besseren Verständnis der Dynamik zwischen dramatischen Umweltveränderungen, Bevölkerungswachstum, Waldbränden und dem abrupten Verschwinden der eiszeitlichen Megafauna bei. 

      "Die Bedeutung dieser Forschung wird noch jahrzehntelang weit über den wissenschaftlichen Bereich hinaus nachhallen", sagte Dr. Lori Bettison-Varga, Präsidentin und Direktorin des Natural History Museum von Los Angeles County. "Die Teergruben von La Brea sind der einzige Ort auf der Erde, der über die notwendigen Fossilien verfügt, um den letzten bedeutenden Klimawandel auf diese Weise zu untersuchen. Die Sammlung von Millionen eiszeitlicher Fossilien bietet eine einzigartige Gelegenheit zur Untersuchung von Umweltveränderungen. 

      Die Studie zeigt eine katastrophale Kettenreaktion ökologischer Ereignisse auf, die anhand von Klima-, Vegetations- und Feueraufzeichnungen in den Sedimenten des nahe gelegenen Lake Elsinore rekonstruiert wurden. Es begann mit der allmählichen Erwärmung und Austrocknung der Landschaft und einem gleichzeitigen Rückgang der an die Wälder angepassten großen Pflanzenfresser über 2.000 Jahre hinweg, als die Erde die letzte Eiszeit hinter sich ließ und die Gletscher zurückgingen. Dann, gerade als die menschliche Bevölkerung in Nordamerika stark anstieg, veränderte sich das Ökosystem dramatisch: Die Temperaturen stiegen rapide an, eine 200 Jahre andauernde Dürre trocknete die Landschaft aus, und massive Waldbrände veränderten die Pflanzengemeinschaften. Innerhalb von 300 Jahren waren alle eiszeitlichen Giganten in La Brea verschwunden, und das moderne, dem Feuer angepasste Chaparral-Ökosystem Kaliforniens war entstanden. 

      Das Verständnis des Zusammenhangs zwischen Umweltveränderungen und menschlichen Aktivitäten ist laut der Studie für die aktuellen Herausforderungen ebenso wichtig. Darin wird festgestellt, dass die Temperaturen in Südkalifornien im letzten Jahrhundert schneller gestiegen sind als während des späten Pleistozäns. Die durch Waldbrände verbrannte Fläche im Westen der USA hat sich in den letzten 20 Jahren vervierfacht, und es wird prognostiziert, dass sich diese Entwicklung in den kommenden Jahren noch verstärken wird.

      Vollständige Pressemappe

      Medienkontakt:
      Maura Klosterman-Vu
      310-552-4117
      [email protected]

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