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Novas normas de uso de pesticidas exercerão impacto sobre exportações de produtos agrícolas de países em desenvolvimento - CENTEGRO
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News provided by

Centre for Environment and Agriculture (CENTEGRO)

Nov 02, 2022, 01:20 ET

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MUMBAI, Índia, 2 de novembro de 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Está em andamento um esforço bem orientado para buscar  a revogação  das  medidas comerciais incoerentes impostas pela OMC na próxima reunião do Comitê Sanitário e Fitossanitário da Organização Mundial do Comércio (7 a 11 de novembro de 2022). Está em questão a validade do Nível Máximo de Resíduos (MRL) tolerado para importações da União Europeia de 0,01 ppm (partes por milhão) para a maioria dos pesticidas. Isso é o equivalente a um grama de resíduo de pesticida para cada cem toneladas de commodities alimentares. Nesse nível residual, um resíduo de pesticida não seria biológica, toxicológica ou ecologicamente relevante. Essas medidas comerciais podem afetar adversamente as exportações agrícolas da Índia e de outros países em desenvolvimento para a UE. 

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Mr. S Ganesan - Advisor to CENTEGRO
Mr. S Ganesan - Advisor to CENTEGRO

O Acordo sobre a Aplicação de Medidas Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias (Acordo SPS) vigente desde 1o de janeiro de 1995, com a criação da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), contém regras rigorosas baseadas na ciência para aplicação do Limite Máximo de Resíduos (MRL) para pesticidas. O MRL é o nível de resíduo de pesticida mais alto legalmente tolerado durante a comercialização de commodities agrícolas. A commodity pode ser grãos alimentícios, frutas e legumes, carne etc. Os MRLs são chamados de "medida SPS" na linguagem da OMC. De acordo com as leis da OMC, as medidas SPS devem tratar igualmente todos os membros da OMC para que todos os países-membros tenham oportunidades de aumentar o comércio internacional. 

Ao comentar sobre a questão, S Ganesan, consultor da CENTEGRO (um think-tank sem fins lucrativos com foco em melhorar a economia agrícola), afirmou: ""De acordo com a regulamentação da UE (CE) No 396/2005 sobre Níveis Máximos de Resíduos de Pesticidas, quando um pesticida não é aprovado para uso na UE e/ou é retirado do mercado da UE, define-se um valor padrão de 0,01 ppm como MRL tolerado para importação. De acordo com a Autoridade Europeia de Segurança Alimentar (EFSA - 2021), existem MRLs definidos para mais de 1.300 pesticidas. Destes, um MRL padrão de 0,01 ppm aplica-se a 690 pesticidas. Em outras palavras, para mais de 50% dos pesticidas, a UE aplica 0,01 ppm como MRL tolerado para importação. Isso é tão bom quanto tolerância zero".

 "Recusas de carregamentos exportados aplicando a MRL incoerente da OMC de 0,01 ppm têm consequências graves para a produção agrícola, para os preços e para a renda dos agricultores, não só da Índia, mas também de outros países em desenvolvimento. O uso de pesticidas varia muito entre os países, dependendo do clima, das culturas e da prevalência de pragas e doenças", acrescentou S Ganesan.

O Acordo SPS da OMC estipula que os membros da OMC devem minimizar os efeitos comerciais negativos. O atual MRL da UE de 0,01 ppm é totalmente incoerente com as disposições do Acordo SPS da OMC e da GATT (Acordo Geral sobre Tarifas e Comércio). Essas medidas podem ser a restrição disfarçada sobre o comércio internacional, uma vez que ele não toleraria o controle da OMC. Todos os países que exportam para a UE e outras partes interessadas devem trabalhar em conjunto para convencer a UE a reconsiderar o MRL de 0,01 ppm tolerado para importação na OMC, sob as disposições relevantes do Acordo SPS e da GATT. A retirada da medida de SPS incoerente da OMC de MRL de 0,01 ppm da UE contribuiria muito para viabilizar a exportação de produtos agrícolas pelos países em desenvolvimento e até mesmo pelos países do terceiro mundo.

Para mais informações, entre em contato com:
S Ganesan,
Consultor de (Acordos Internacionais Relacionados ao Comércio) do Centro do Meio Ambiente e da Agricultura (CENTEGRO - Mumbai, Índia)  
Telefone: +919959552725
E-mail: [email protected]/ [email protected]

Foto: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1933420/S_Ganesan_Advisor_CENTEGRO.jpg

FONTE Centre for Environment and Agriculture (CENTEGRO)

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