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多芬研究指出有害的美貌标准引发公共健康危机
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Oct 06, 2022, 09:48 ET

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《美貌标准的真实代价》(The Real Cost of Beauty Ideals)报告揭示了专门针对女性和女孩的种族主义和性别化的美貌标准给美国造成的破坏性经济和人性成本

新泽西州恩格尔伍德克利夫夫2022年10月6日 /美通社/ -- 今天,多芬自信养成项目(Dove Self-Esteem Project)发布了《美貌标准的真实代价》(The Real Cost of Beauty Ideals)报告,这是有史以来对美貌标准给美国经济和社会造成的广泛破坏性影响进行的最全面评估。该报告探讨了有害美貌标准通过身体不满感和外观歧视的双重途径所产生的影响,这种影响导致了一种无声的公共健康威胁,对女性和最小只有10岁的女孩更是产生了尤其严重的影响。

调查结果提供了大量证据,表明种族主义和性别化美貌标准对经济和个人福祉都带来破坏性的影响。这项开创性的研究估计,2019年,有害的美貌标准在身体不满感方面给美国经济造成了3050亿美元的损失,而外貌歧视给美国经济造成了5010亿美元的损失。2019年至2022年期间的平均年通胀率为3.9%,因此如果以当前的美元计算,身体不满感和外貌歧视造成的代价将会更高。

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多芬《美貌标准的真实代价》信息图
多芬《美貌标准的真实代价》信息图

这项研究咨询了S. Bryn Austin博士, 她是哈佛大学公共卫生学院和波士顿儿童医院"预防饮食失调战略培训倡议:公共卫生孵化器"(Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders: A Public Health Incubator,简称:STRIPED)的创始主任,此外还咨询了德勤经济研究所(Deloitte Access Economics)的多元化经济学家团队以及一个由各领域专家组成的顾问团。

"长期以来,我们已经意识到狭隘和偏颇的美貌标准是有害的,对于女孩的自尊和自我评价尤其如此,还可能导致饮食失调或其他严重的精神健康问题", Austin博士表示, "我们还意识到体重和肤色歧视问题的普遍性,以及对于受此影响的人们来说,这会给他们生活的方方面面造成多么残酷的破坏。但在开展此次研究之前,我们并不知道这对我们的经济有多么广泛和巨大的影响。根据我们的估计,每年这给我国经济造成的损失达到数千亿美元。原因何在? 因为我们的社会还不愿意正视性别歧视和种族主义美貌标准的有害影响,以及只会加强和延续这些有害标准的歧视态度。我们希望我们的研究结果将成为一种催化剂,开启这项迟来已久的深刻反思。"

美貌标准是社会所构建的理想审美理念。在美国,得到最广泛接受的美貌标准反映的是白种人标准,并通过媒体、电影、家庭和其他社会文化渠道得到强化。这对人们关于自己和周围人的想法和感受有着深远的影响。

有害的美貌标准会对个人和他们的生计造成巨大而危险的影响,身体不满感会导致抑郁、焦虑、自杀、吸烟、饮食失调、酗酒和滥用药物,而外表歧视则会增加健康不良、体重增加、监禁、过早死亡等风险。

《美貌标准的实际代价》报告中的主要发现:

  • 每一年,有害的美貌标准都会给美国经济和社会带来天文数字的损失。2019年,有害美貌标准的代价:
    • 身体不满感造成损失3050亿美元(身体不满感定义为对自己身体外观的严重和持续的负面态度)
      • 经济成本:医疗系统、生产率、政府、雇主、家庭、个人和社会成本840亿美元
      • 健康损失:由于抑郁症、焦虑、自杀企图、吸烟、进食障碍、酗酒和药物滥用造成损失2210亿美元
      • 这些损失中,妇女和女童承受的占58% ,达1770亿美元
      • 超过4500万人经历过身体不满感,这增加了他们的抑郁、焦虑、自残、药物滥用和自杀风险
    • 外观歧视造成损失5010亿美元 (基于肤色和体型) 
      • 经济成本:健康后果、劳动力市场后果和其他生活后果(如:监禁)共计2690亿美元
      • 健康损失:因焦虑、抑郁症、药物滥用、吸烟、高血压而损失2330亿美元
      • 这些损失中,妇女和女童所承受的占63% ,达3170亿美元
      • 超过6600万人遭受外观歧视,这增加了他们健康状况不佳、抑郁、焦虑、体重增加、监禁和过早死亡的风险
      • 体重歧视影响了3400万人,造成了2060亿美元的财务成本
      • 肤色歧视影响了2300万人,造成了630亿美元的财务成本
      • 原生头发歧视影响了500万人,与非黑人女性相比,黑人女性因头发而被认为"不专业"的可能性高出3.4倍1

1 Dove CROWN Research Study, 2019 | 发质和发型因素未包括在外貌歧视造成的每年5010亿美元损失当中

多芬首席营销官Alessandro Manfredi表示:"人们对身体的看法不能再被视为一个表面问题,因为我们看到狭隘的美貌标准和基于外观的偏见对个人和整个社会造成了毁灭性的影响。媒体、广告和社交媒体每天传播的有害的美貌标准正在对妇女和女孩的生活质量产生负面影响,我们必须采取行动改变这种状况。《美貌标准的真正代价》报告揭示了这些标准所带来的巨大危害,多芬深入致力于改进美容事业,但我们需要其他方面的帮助来实现系统性变革。"

在发布报告的同时,多芬自信养成项目(Dove Self-Esteem Project)正在与志同道合的个人、专家和组织合作,对抗导致身体不满和外表歧视的复杂影响。作为该举措的一部分,多芬正在为一系列计划和承诺提供支持。其中部分承诺包括:

  • 通过教育打造积极的身体意象 
    • 多芬自信养成计划(Dove Self-Esteem Project)创立于2004年,旨在帮助年轻一代以积极态度对待自己的外表,使他们不会因为与外表相关的焦虑而退缩,并能够充分发挥其潜力。迄今为止,多芬自信养成计划已通过无成本工具惠及150个国家/地区的8200多万名年轻人,使其成为全球最大的身体自信教育提供商。到2030年,我们通过经验证有助提高自尊的项目完成对2.5亿孩子的帮助。
    • 作为多芬自信养成计划的一部分,我们开发了多种工具来解决外貌偏见和歧视,包括Confident Me Appearance Discrimination Extension Lesson,旨在帮助教育工作者和导师向年轻人讲解外貌歧视,如体型歧视、残障歧视和肤色歧视;以及My Hair, My CROWN,这个工具包帮助发质为小卷、中卷、大卷或编发等发型的青少年提升头发自信,并与其他人建立同盟,以打造关于天然头发的尊重且开放的世界。
  • 支持媒体中的包容性、多样性和真实图片 
    • 通过Project #ShowUs,多芬创建了有史以来第一个全球包容性美感图片集,供媒体和广告商使用。自2019年推出以来,该图片库不断发展,现已包含14000多张图片,有超过2500家公司已使用过其中的图片。
  • 立法宣传 
    • 天然头发歧视:多芬于2019年与National Urban League、Color of Change和Western Center on Law & Poverty共同创立了CROWN Coalition,以支持在全国范围内消除头发歧视的《皇冠法案》(The CROWN Act)。迄今为止,《皇冠法案》或受《皇冠法案》启发创立的法规已经在19个州的40多个城市获得通过。
    • 体型歧视:《美貌标准的真正代价》报告的调查结果目前正在纽约和马萨诸塞州用于支持终结体型歧视的立法。与该报告的合作者一道,多芬将继续向所有想要使用相关数据来支持必要的全国系统性变革的人们提供这些数据。   

携手合作,我们可以消除外貌仇恨。详细了解多芬为改变容貌观念而正在采取的举措,请访问:Dove.com/realcostofbeauty。

###

关于多芬自信养成计划

多芬长期以来致力于创造一个让美成为自信之源而不是焦虑之源的世界。多芬自信养成计划(Dove Self-Esteem Project)创立于2004年,旨在帮助年轻一代以积极态度对待自己的外表,使他们不会因为与外表相关的焦虑而退缩,并能够充分发挥其潜力。多芬与英国西英格兰大学外表研究中心(专注于外表和身体形象在人们生活中的作用的全球最大的研究集团)合作创造了多芬自信养成计划工具包,该工具包经过学术验证,可免费下载。迄今为止,多芬自信养成计划已惠及150个国家/地区的8200多万名年轻人,使其成为全球最大的身体自信教育提供商之一。到2030年,通过我们经过学术验证的免费工具,我们将完成对2.5亿人的帮助。

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  • 帮助构建更加公平、更具社会包容性的世界。

尽管还有很多未尽事宜,但在过去一年中,我们很荣幸在标普道琼斯可持续发展指数(S&P 's Dow Jones Sustainable Index )中获得行业领先地位,在CDP的气候、水和森林基准中获得"3A"评价,并且连续第11年在GlobeScan/SustainAbility可持续发展领导者调查中排名榜首。

如需了解关于联合利华美国及其品牌的更多信息,请访问www.unileverusa.com

关于"预防饮食失调战略培训倡议:公共卫生孵化器"

"预防饮食失调战略培训倡议:公共卫生孵化器"(Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders: A Public Health Incubator,简称:STRIPED)是一项研究生级别培训倡议,总部设在哈佛公共卫生学院和波士顿儿童医院。我们汇集了饮食障碍、公共卫生、青少年预防医学、医疗法律、政策、经济学和许多其他学科的专家,以创建一个公共健康孵化机构,让跨学科合作促进实现预防饮食障碍的交叉创新方法。

关于德勤经济研究所

德勤经济研究所(Deloitte Access Economics)的创建是基于对经济学的热情以及关于经济学可以为所有人创造更美好未来的信念。我们深厚的经济严谨性来自我们的尖端分析工具、与企业和政府合作的经验,以及我们的人员在帮助制定公共政策、提供商业见解并为投资战略提供依据方面的专业知识。

德勤经济研究所将远见卓识与精密分析相结合,以打造并释放经济、环境、金融和社会价值。  我们以独立的视角将全球领先见解和本地知识相结合,揭示未来的机会并推动进步。我们分享实用的政策、行业和循证见解,帮助企业和政府应对最复杂的经济、金融和社会挑战。

媒体联系人:Dana Paolucci,[email protected]

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